s*********y
发帖数: 387 | 1 打入gene，使得该antigen gene在宿主细胞表达并且呈递antigen protein的，原理
跟大肠杆菌的expression plasmid类似，是在病毒载体，例如腺病毒，痘病毒之中的，
所以，能够表达此抗原蛋白。
至于，为什么先dna vaccine，后protein vaccine后，前者的免疫应答显著提升，
是一个很明白的问题，booster么，二次免疫，什么能不强呢？not noval at all
DNA vaccine 的危险性当然存在，主要是是人都会恐惧给自己的细胞打进一个病毒载体，
让一个外来的gene表达。
治疗性vaccine可以用于病人，其目的是一样的（与免疫正常人相比），都是stimulate
specific immunue response， and establilsh immunological memory
我个人不认为lu 的vaccine，有什么新颖性 at all，DNA plus protein ，采用不同的
组合prime booster，都作烂了。
而且，从根本上无法突破HIV 的变异导致的escape，而这正式问题所在 |
|
s******e
发帖数: 370 | 2 tuj1 is a cytoskeleton protein, not sure if you really need the antigen
retrieval step (citric acid, boiling, etc), usually it's for nuclear
antigens
also are you doing adult or embryonic brains?
tuj1 level decreases in adult CNS but remains high in PNS, try a positive
control with embryonic brain sample |
|
y*******o
发帖数: 131 | 3 vector的antigen unmasking solution
Dako 的 citrate antigen retrieve buffer, ph=6
Dako tris/EDTA buffer, PH=9
版上面有高人指点一下么。
我要染 mouse VCAM-1。
查了文献，绝大多数都用frozen section，可我只有石蜡的
谢谢阿 |
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l**********n
发帖数: 240 | 4 Josef Martin Penninger
Most significant scientific contributions:
Our basic approach is to genetically manipulate and change genes in mice and
to
determine the effects of these mutations in development of the whole
organism and in
diseases. From these mutations we are trying to establish basic principles
of
development and basic mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. My laboratory
focuses on
heart diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers, and bone diseases. On all
the listed
contributions below I ... 阅读全帖 |
|
h****n
发帖数: 2552 | 5 也不太对头吧，比如我用药物诱导小鼠A长出原发性的肿瘤，然后再把肿瘤移植到小鼠B
上，一样的有几率长出来。
难道不同小鼠身上的肿瘤细胞会没有allogeneic antigens？
antigens
like
and
allogeneic |
|
n***3
发帖数: 663 | 6 1. Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Dec;22(12):1546-53. Epub 2004 Nov 21.
Silencing of SOCS1 enhances antigen presentation by dendritic cells and
antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity.
Shen L, Evel-Kabler K, Strube R, Chen SY.
2. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;24(12):1581-90. Epub 2006 Dec 3.
An essential role for Akt1 in dendritic cell function and tumor
immunotherapy.
Park D, Lapteva N, Seethammagari M, Slawin KM, Spencer DM.
3. Nat Biotechnol. 2008 May;26(5):571-7. Epub 2008 Apr 20.
Single-round infectious part... 阅读全帖 |
|
m****1
发帖数: 179 | 7 听说protein aggregates后 要做antigen retrievel才能染上（免疫荧光染色）？
可我的片子都是冰冻切片 没法做antigen retrievel 做完 很多小气泡在片子上
试了一下 染色后 可以看到细胞质内均匀着色的信号 但是别人的染色结果是很多dots
在细胞质中
难道人家用了specific的染色方法 看到了蛋白聚集？
还是我需要用60x油镜放大看看有没有dots？ |
|
s****9
发帖数: 932 | 8 不清楚问题出在哪里？
没事试antigen retrieval.以为只有石蜡的才需要antigen retrivel,冰冻的片子不需
要。 |
|
s****9
发帖数: 932 | 9 I understand it can be the problem of the antibody and will never be solved,
but want to try as hard as possible.
Could you suggest a few antigen retrieval method? Do you think 5min acetone
fixation is enough to expose the antigen epitope?
Very few background on the staining. Do you think it is worthy to try
different blocking reagents?
Thanks so much. Really appreciate your suggestions.
or |
|
S***a
发帖数: 257 | 10 我的理解是TLR4应该在cellular surface, recognize extracellular ligand,比如说
LPS.
但是看到很多篇drug delivery的文章，都是把MPLA (一种TLR4 ligand)包在纳米颗粒
里面，然后和siRNA/antigen一起被内吞进入树突状细胞内部。那这些MPLA又如何能接
触到细胞表面的TLR4呢？难道这些MPLA也可以像antigen一样被MHC分子递呈到细胞表面？
非常困扰，请免疫高人指点，谢谢！ |
|
c******a
发帖数: 267 | 11 嗯，既然这次讨论的是肿瘤免疫，我的专业，而且drp说得很好，我也想说两句。
我也看了这片文章，问了一下我们医院实验室的一个fellow(他已经做完了三年的
residency,是美国top10的MD/PhD)，他的意见是，I don't know how they can
publish it on NEJM with only 1 patient response out of total 3. They must
have very good relationship with the editor.
我的看法，首先，chimeric antigen receptor CAR这个概念一点都不新鲜，
preclinical已经做了很多年。但是几乎所有的实验到了clinical trial都失败了。主
要问题是回输的T cell到了病人体内好像细胞毒功能和增殖都变得很弱。但是这次的实
验是chemotherapy和immunotherapy联用，可能chemotherapy杀死了很多肿瘤细胞，这
些死亡或者损伤的肿瘤细胞变得容易被T cell识别和杀灭。作者在讨论里也提及这种可
能。在... 阅读全帖 |
|
i*****g
发帖数: 11893 | 12 细胞治疗这里面有几个选项，
他们用了T，
还可以用DC，
还可以直接上CD19 monoclonal Ab，要论杀细胞，我不太明白未什么他们不直接用单抗
治疗呢？
估计大致的回复是：其他方法试验了，都没有好的效果，他们正好撞对了某些东西
还有就是，癌症病人体内有一套机制，遏制免疫反应。有文献报道的，癌人比正常人T
，DC细胞反应弱。理论上，ex vivo culture activating cells before infusion may
not necessary lead to activated cell after infusion.
这些细胞免疫治疗，提高专一性是个大问题。这些个成功报道是有明确的cancer
antigen target。很多时候，做临床试验的，solid tumor Lysis fraction feeding
on immuno cells during ex vivo culture，我个人很是顾忌这种做法，因为这必然用
了正常细胞或广谱的antigen，显然人工制造自身免疫疾病的风险急剧上升。事实上，
有报道的这种自身免疫疾病
挂一漏万，不是这一... 阅读全帖 |
|
L***s
发帖数: 133 | 13 做了只转基因小鼠，lox-STOP-lox-gene-EGFP，EGFP是fuse在gene的C末端，target的
位置是ROSA26。
体外细胞试验很好, Cre转染后大量的GFP表达，功能也没问题，该基因不toxic。
好了，小鼠做好后，与Nestin-Cre line 杂交后，兴冲冲做了IHC (rabbit GFP Ab, invitrogen) ，结果很失望，发现GFP表达弱，且阳性细胞少；同样的Cre line 和ROSA26-YFP杂交后，同样的染色，YFP表达很强，阳性细胞很多。
帮忙分析一下原因
1. Fusion protein的问题？可能是fusion protein 表达量低？或是表达量可能并不那
么低，但在PFA fix时导致fusion protein被mask了，所以IHC看不到，证据是lox/lox
比lox/+的阳性细胞要多些。试了citrate buffer antigen retrieval (pH6, 95C,
15min)， 结果更差，一点阳性细胞也没有了。其他可行的antigen retrieval 方
法？
2. 因为target的位置... 阅读全帖 |
|
D*******8
发帖数: 4 | 14 Please don’t dig me out. I am writing this out of my conscience as a
scientist. We are using, largely, the tax payers’ money to explore
mechanisms underlying diseases that we don’t have a cure, yet. We are doing
this in the hope that little bit knowledge can accumulate till one day we
can find that magic bullet. However, there are people out there, their
purpose is to use these money to achieve their personal fames, sometimes
international ones, totally disregarding our original noble cause. I... 阅读全帖 |
|
s******o
发帖数: 187 | 15 I could not find the right lentiviral cloning vector that carries the SV40
large antigen. The ones on market are mostly in retrovirus.
I want a lentiviral vector to package SV40 lentivirus and then to
immortalize MEF cells.
anybody used lentiviral vector with SV40 large antigen? |
|
l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 16 try
//creativebiomart.net/description_54358_27.htm
Cat.No.
CABT-30124HM
Product Overview
Hamster monoclonal antibody to Mouse IGF1.
Antigen Description
The protein encoded by this gene is identical to adenosine deaminase
complexing protein-2, and to the T-cell activation antigen CD26. It is an
intrinsic membrane glycoprotein and a serine exopeptidase that cleaves X-
proline dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides.
Clone
SN0000-3G65
Isotype
IgG2
Immunogen
Mouse recombinant IGF1 protein
Hos... 阅读全帖 |
|
R*****o
发帖数: 12 | 17 Our mAb libraries are made with 6 or more diverse peptide/soluble-domain
antigens, and recognize 4 - 12 epitopes on your target protein. These
libraries will multiply your chances of getting successful antibodies,
propelling your research to its ideal goal.
For only USD 1,499, you will receive a library
- consists of 6 monoclonal antibodies,
- made with 6 DIVERSE peptide antigens,
- within 4 months.
All you need to provide is your protein sequence.
Become one of our more than 1,200 customers wor... 阅读全帖 |
|
a*****t
发帖数: 81 | 18 google antigen retrieval protocol, within one week in pfa still works for
many antigens |
|
b*******6
发帖数: 39 | 19 HBV感染和恢复很复杂
“如果同时出现了表面抗体，几乎就可以肯定是recover了”
--------临床上还存在表面抗体和抗原共存的情况
一种可能解释是在恢复中（HbsAg向Hbsab转变），另外一种解释是病毒变异（hbsab不
能识别hbsag）
ref：
Liu, W., et al., Coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HBs in
Chinese chronic hepatitis B virus patients relating to genotype C and
mutations in the S and P gene reverse transcriptase region. Arch Virol, 2012
. 157(4): p. 627-34.
Lada, O., et al., Coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and
anti-HBs antibodies in chronic hepatitis B virus ca... 阅读全帖 |
|
L****r
发帖数: 77 | 20 很长知识的文章，谢谢。有个问题想问一下，一个朋友HBsAg strongly reactive，但
是Q-PCR DNA viral load很低，detectable，但是too low to be quantified，这个应
该怎么解释？如此低的viral load，surface antigen的抗原是如何表达的？难道是
surface antigen的DNA部分整合到基因组里面了？ |
|
n**********7
发帖数: 29 | 21 你是想看什么的保护作用？测的endpoint是什么？
流感病毒一般引起CD8+ T 细胞的反应：cytotoxicity 或者生成IFN-gamma。
为什么要等28天？28天的时候一般大部分effector CD8+ T 都凋亡了，剩下的是memory
细胞，而且serum里的cytokine浓度应该也很小了，因为infection已经清除了。一般要
引起老鼠对疫苗的反应，好像应该注射三次，一次primary，然后每隔7天注射两次
booster，这样得到的antigen－specific细胞会多一些。
老鼠的splenocyte中大概只有12％是CD8+ T 细胞，并且只有antigen－specific的细胞
会对你注射的病毒起反应，所以看不到保护作用吧。
抗体也会对病毒抗原有反应吧，不过我对b细胞不太了解。
希望能帮到你。 |
|
n**********7
发帖数: 29 | 22 immunology.
we use influenza virus vaccination as antigen to generate antigen-specific T
cells. and adoptive transfer these T cells to wild-type mice to measure
immune response.
Maybe I understand the questions in a wrong way |
|
p**t
发帖数: 160 | 23 Please read this paper, you are misleading others.
-----------J Innate Immun. 2012;4(5-6):424-36. doi: 10.1159/000337007. Epub
2012 Apr 4.
Lymph node macrophages.
Gray EE, Cyster JG.
Source
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-
0414, USA.
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) macrophages have long been known for their efficient uptake
of lymph-borne antigens. A convergence of studies on innate and adapti... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
a********k
发帖数: 2273 | 25 这个的全文也就是一个abstract。
OPTIMIZATION OF RECOMBINANT STREPTOLYSIN-O EXPRESSION
AND ANALYSIS OF FINAL PRODUCT FORMULATIONS SUITABLE FOR
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS.
B Velázquez, H Massaldi and A Chabalgoity. Department of Biotechnological
Development, Institute of Hygiene, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo,
Uruguay.
E-mail: b***[email protected]
The streptolysin-O gene of Streptococcus pyogenes was cloned in pGEX-2T and
expressed in Escherichia coli, with the aim of using the product in
immunoassays.
Expression... 阅读全帖 |
|
r******g
发帖数: 600 | 26 Dentritic cells at the site of infection can process the uptaken antigen .
These DCs are activated and migrate to the draning lymph nodes to present
antigen to T cells. Activated T cells will get activated and clonally expand
to a large army.
CD4 T cells assist B cell maturation into plasma cells for antibody response
. CD8 T cells migrate from lymph nodes to the site of infection to kill
infected cells directly. The whole process in human may take up to 2 weeks.
Innate and Adaptive immune respo... 阅读全帖 |
|
n*********m
发帖数: 38 | 27 Immunology Retraction Exposes Misconduct
07/10/2013 Andrew S. Wiecek
Nature retracts a 1994 paper after the first author was found to have "most
likely" committed research misconduct. Learn more...
Last week, Nature retracted a highly-cited paper published in 1994 because
the authors were unable to reproduce the results, according to the
retraction notice (1). But the real reason behind the retraction might have
more to do with the first author’s scientific misconduct.
Nature has retracted a 19... 阅读全帖 |
|
n*********m
发帖数: 38 | 28 mmunology Retraction Exposes Misconduct
07/10/2013
Andrew S. Wiecek
Nature retracts a 1994 paper after the first author was found to have "most
likely" committed research misconduct. Learn more...
Last week, Nature retracted a highly-cited paper published in 1994 because
the authors were unable to reproduce the results, according to the
retraction notice (1). But the real reason behind the retraction might have
more to do with the first author’s scientific misconduct.
Nature has retracted a 199... 阅读全帖 |
|
k****s
发帖数: 1209 | 29 原文在
http://www.skizit.biz/2013/07/21/ecdysone-insect-hormone-an-ind
Ecdysone Insect Hormone Switches on Disease
21 Jul 2013 | ECDYSONE
MORGELLONS:
INSECT HORMONE ECDYSONE TRIGGERS GENETIC CHANGES
TO BUILD NEW HAIR, SKIN, NAILS and CAUSE DISEASES
SkizitGesture-2013
Morgellons is a military grade entomological terror weapon being used to
torture and kill innocent civilians. The medical community has not been
informed about this disease and its complexity keeps it from being properly
identified, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
l******o
发帖数: 8344 | 30 我是个会计，看到首页，觉得很感兴趣，就溜达了进来
我最先觉得楼住说的很有道理，于是我去google and translate了
然后我很困惑地是，西医说，RA(类风湿性关节炎的直接原因是免疫系统里的t and b
cells 过度活跃的结果 （见下文）：
The immune system determines the body's responses to foreign substances (
antigens) such as viruses and toxins. The immune response helps the body to
fight infection and heal wounds and injuries. The inflammatory process is a
byproduct of the immune response.
Two important components of the immune system that play a role in the
inflammation associated with rheumatoid a... 阅读全帖 |
|
s****9
发帖数: 932 | 31 我也来说说check－piont blockade。
首先效果并没有楼上说的好。Ipilimumab（anti－CTLA－4） objective response
rate在10%左右（各个地方PhaseIIItrial的效果不一），最好的在MSKCC，也在15%左右
。真正有survival benefit的人群在10%不到，提高的average surivival只有3个月。
考虑到toxicity，这个药目前只在PhaseIII和VI的melanoma上用，就是因为那些病人存
活率不超过5%，等于死马当活马医来治疗。希望能有那么10%不到的人能够中奖且收益
。你说的50%的response，包括了CR，PR，和SD，意义不大。在其他的恶性度比较高的
肿瘤包括NSCLC（肺癌）和prostate cancer Ipilimumab效果不好。其实CTLA－4在老鼠
上效果就只对high immunogenic的肿瘤有效。
anti－PD－1看起来效果比Ipilimumab好，但也只能说稍好，副作用稍小，适用的肿瘤
更多（在NSCLC也有效，renal cell cancer tri... 阅读全帖 |
|
n***w
发帖数: 2405 | 32 But the protocol is first to bind antibody to the beads and then bind your
antigen. What you described here is you mixed antigen and antibody first and
then added beads. |
|
s********n
发帖数: 248 | 33 麻烦大家帮忙下载一片文章，
Chimeric antigen receptors against CD33/CD123 antigens efficiently target
primary acute myeloid leukemia cells in vivo.
Thanks a lot! |
|
c********o
发帖数: 31 | 34 南京美资生物公司招聘抗体/免疫/疫苗方向senior scientist
希望候选人：
1 海外留学经验，fresh phd or postdoc都可以。
2 熟悉antigen design, antibody production, antibody purification, antibody
characterization, antibody/antigen conjugation 等相关技术。
若有兴趣请咨询
QQ: 2948672703
Email: [email protected]
/* */ |
|
p*******l
发帖数: 10 | 35 千人彭金荣担任动物科学学院和生命科学学院两个院长, 从2008年回国后发表的SCI论
文（说明：IF标注的是2013的），包括综述。
1: Zhu Z, Chen J, Xiong JW, Peng J. Haploinsufficiency of Def activates p53-
dependent TGFβ signalling and causes scar formation after partial
hepatectomy. PLoS One. 2014 May 6;9(5):e96576. （IF=3.534）
2: Ou Z, Yin L, Chang C, Peng J, Chen J. Protein interaction between p53 and
Δ113p53 is required for the anti-apoptotic function of Δ113p53. J Genet
Genomics. 2014 Feb 20;41(2):53-62.
(IF=2.924)
3: Tao T, Shi H, Huang D, Peng J. Def... 阅读全帖 |
|
q******g
发帖数: 3858 | 36 A red meat-derived glycan promotes inflammation and
cancer progression
A well known, epidemiologically reproducible risk factor for human
carcinomas is the long-term consumption of “red meat” of mammalian
origin. Although multiple theories have attempted to explain
this human-specific association, none have been conclusively
proven. We used an improved method to survey common foods
for free and glycosidically bound forms of the nonhuman sialic acid
N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), showing tha... 阅读全帖 |
|
S*********e
发帖数: 127 | 37 2 review paper on Nat Biotech February 2014, Volume 32 No 2
The promise and challenge of high-throughput sequencing of the antibody
repertoire - pp158 - 168
George Georgiou, Gregory C Ippolito, John Beausang, Christian E Busse, Hedda
Wardemann & Stephen R Quake
doi:10.1038/nbt.2782
Beyond model antigens: high-dimensional methods for the analysis of antigen-
specific T cells - pp149 - 157
Evan W Newell & Mark M Davis
doi:10.1038/nbt.2783
Thanks. |
|
S*********e
发帖数: 127 | 38 Inclusion of Strep-tag II in design of antigen receptors for T-cell
immunotherapy. Nature Biotechnology (2016)
doi:10.1038/nbt.3461
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells derived from defined CD8+ and CD4
+ subsets confer superior antitumor reactivity in vivo. Leukemia (15
September 2015) | doi:10.1038/leu.2015.247
THanks, |
|
s********9
发帖数: 132 | 39 The nuclear antigens are in nuclei. How come the immune system can recognize
a normal cell expressing this nuclear antigen (say PCNA)?
Thanks a lot. |
|
c**********n
发帖数: 177 | 40 不管怎么样，病人总是还活着吧，除了一个已经beta2M缺失了。Beta2M缺失这个也算一
个对照了，只有MHC production完全受阻以后疫苗才没用。所有参与trial的人都是
chemo，check point用了一圈没用，最后才死马当活马医来参加疫苗trial。
几点thoughts：
1. 德国组给RNA，哈佛组给peptide，个人觉得给RNA更好。哈佛组给的peptide都是15-
30mer，而且属于exogenous antigen, 对于classI MHC来说太长,并且classI MHC主要
是present endogenous的antigen peptide。哈佛组的结果也是主要激活CD4 细胞，而
CD8细胞激活的比较少。
2. 这个方法基本给之前狂热追逐Tumor infiltrating Lymphocyte的各路大牛小牛们浇
了盆冰凉冰凉的水。参看一下，有多少关于高通量测paired alpha beta single cell
sequence的文章就知道了。
3. 文章里面的技术基本都可以外包给公司，产业化和规模化都很容易。此处飘过一句
话：2... 阅读全帖 |
|
V******1
发帖数: 8 | 41 作为一个没做过膜蛋白的伪structure biologist，赞一下专业回答。
再补充一点生物大分子的。结构可能对于大分子比如抗体的指导作用没有receptor/
ligand或者enzyme/substrate那么看起来那么直接，但也有很大帮助。比如知道target
的结构，就可以有针对性地display更感兴趣的epitope，尤其是那些non-linear的
epitope单单根据序列是没法预测的。反过来说也可以突变掉unwanted epitope来避免
screen到不想要的抗体。拿到antibody/antigen complex的结构，可以根据结构做有针
对性的affinity maturation来进一步优化抗体。design bi-specific甚至tri-
specific antibody，需要考虑几个target epitope在空间上的位置。做vaccine的，可
以根据结构来design engineer的antigen，使之更有效地产生neutralizing antibody
。还有找到一个好的抗体，patent的时候也得知道epitope的不是，虽... 阅读全帖 |
|
m********8
发帖数: 314 | 42 这篇论文的提法是co-stimulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative
regulation of cell-mediated immune responses.能算作是“误认为PD-L1(B7-H1)是
抑制T细胞增殖”的论断吗？
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1299_1365
摘要：The B7 family members B7-1 and B7-2 interact with CD28 and constitute
an essential T-cell co-stimulatory pathway in the initiation of antigen-
specific humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Here, we describe a
third member of the B7 family, called B7-H1 that does not bind CD28,
cytotoxic T-lymphoc... 阅读全帖 |
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s****y
发帖数: 62 | 43 菜鸟最近在读一些有关RAMAN 的文章， 尤其是SERS。
很多文章，在用 ELISA 和 SERS 联合起来检测antigen。
基本思路是，gold的nano particles上面加上antibody和raman reporter， 然后bond
想要检测的
antigen，然后用SERS 检测。
有1个疑问，想请教大家。
SERS的原理是纳米级的颗粒因为表面粗糙，所以会增强raman的信号。
既然这样，为什么要在gold nanoparticles上面链接raman reporter?
谢谢各位。 |
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s****y
发帖数: 62 | 44
请问怎么上传附件，我可以把文件传上来。
我把paper的名字发过来。
在analytical chemistry 上面看的。
我还有一个问题。如果是因为antigen的信号比较弱，所以加reporter。那如果我用
antibody吸附
在Au NP上面去bond organic compound,那是不是就没有antigen信号复杂和信号比较弱
这个问题
了？这样的话。Au NP连接antibody去吸附 organic compound是不是直接用SERS就可以
测到？
谢谢楼上各位的解答。 |
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b*******g
发帖数: 1309 | 45 你是缺乏sandwich assay 的常识
不管是用 raman，还是很Fluorescence，还是其他的
基本原理都是用antibody 识别analyte，然后 antibody 本身连一个信号reporter（或
者上第二个antibody，上面连reporter），
可以是这里的raman，也可以是酶催化的荧光，还可以是ECL，等等
因为antibody 跟antigen 是特异性结合，所以有antigen在，才有antibody，有
antibody 就有reporter的信号，而且这个信号说不准还是放大了几千几万倍，这样灵
敏度才高。 |
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J*********g
发帖数: 36 | 46 请版上兄弟姐妹帮忙下两篇文献：
1. Recent progress in prostate-specific antigen and HIV proteases detection
2. One-Step Assay for Optical Prostate Specific Antigen Detection Using
Magnetically Engineered Responsive Thin Film
请发送至j************[email protected]
多谢您的帮助！ |
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s*****r
发帖数: 69 | 47 well, I think E is a better answer. C is true for acute hemolytic
transfusion reaction. But this should be delayed reaction. Goljan's lecture
mentioned it.It's caused by the memory B cell.
Here is what I copied online.
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction:
Occasionally, a patient who has been sensitized to an RBC antigen has very
low antibody levels and negative pretransfusion tests. After transfusion
with RBCs bearing this antigen, a primary or anamnestic response may result
(usually in 1 to |
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c****i
发帖数: 40 | 48 不忍心看着你焦急的心情，其实这里很多人都愿意帮忙，但是由于种种原因，无法给你
回复。
就以一般性的回复几句，首先你给的非常有限的病史体检化验结果等等，所以基本上没
人能在这里给你一个诊断。我search了一下，下面是链接以及原文，希望对你能有帮助
。另外，也不要小看国内的医生，有很多是不错的。
点击链接可以发现更多的内容。
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958739-overview
History
Despite the extensive differential diagnoses of splenomegaly, careful
history taking and physical examination, along with a CBC count and liver
function tests, often help in narrowing the list of possible causes. The
history should include attention to the following importan... 阅读全帖 |
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e****0
发帖数: 678 | 49 我又查了一下啊。
classical complement pathway activates C4 as well as C3. This can lead to
low C3 and
C4 levels which lead to decreased CH 50. This would typically be seen with
complement
activation driven by immune complexes (lupus, hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia)
alternative complement pathway activation is typically driven by bacterial
or microbial
antigens: C3 is directly activity producing low C3 and decreased CH 50 C4 is
normal.
C3 may also be directly activated by C3 nephritic factor which is an
a... 阅读全帖 |
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c********o
发帖数: 31 | 50 南京美资生物公司招聘抗体/免疫/疫苗方向senior scientist
希望候选人：
1 海外留学经验，fresh phd or postdoc都可以。
2 熟悉antigen design, antibody production, antibody purification, antibody
characterization, antibody/antigen conjugation 等相关技术。
若有兴趣请咨询
QQ: 2948672703
Email: [email protected]
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