B******y
发帖数: 2255 | 1 怎么叫不相信统计呢？谁说那些数字有错呢？
统计学还要分析置信区间，就是要考虑样本代表性，考虑confounding就是耦合因素，
你了解哪些统计说不用做这些的？
分析完了才好下结论哪 |
|
l**********t
发帖数: 5754 | 2
JC's comments on Romans 1;2
As the suspicion of being new
subtracts much from the authority of a doctrine, he confirms the faith
of the gospel by antiquity; as though he said, "Christ came not on the
earth unexpectedly, nor did he introduce a doctrine of a new kind and
not heard of before, inasmuch as he, and his gospel too, had been
promised and expected from the beginning of the world." But as
antiquity is often fabulous, he brings witnesses, and those approved,
even t... 阅读全帖 |
|
l**********t
发帖数: 5754 | 3
also John Calvin's commentary on 黑暗却不接受光
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom34.vii.i.html
5. And the light shineth in darkness.
It might be objected, that the passages of Scripture in which men are called
blind are so numerous and that the blindness for which they are condemned
is but too well known. For in all their reasoning faculties they miserably
fail. How comes it that there are so many labyrinths of errors in the world,
but because men, by their own guidance, are led only to vanity an... 阅读全帖 |
|
O**********0
发帖数: 61 | 4 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
jym2307 (罪魁) 于 (Tue Nov 1 17:30:19 2011, 美东) 提到:
1:1耶稣基督的仆人保罗，奉召为使徒，特派传神的福音。
1:2这福音是神从前藉众先知，在圣经上所应许的。
1:3论到他儿子，我主耶稣基督。按肉体说，是从大卫后裔生的。
1:4按圣善的灵说，因从死里复活，以大能显明是神的儿子。
1:5我们从他受了恩惠，并使徒的职分，在万国之中叫人为他的名信服真道。
1:6其中也有你们这蒙召属耶稣基督的人。
1:7我写信给你们在罗马为神所爱，奉召作圣徒的众人。愿恩惠平安，从我们的父神，
并主耶稣基督，归与你们。
1：1 首先讲到保罗的身份，是耶稣基督的仆人，是使徒，而他的职责就是传“神的福
音”。一句话，保罗言简意赅的描述了自己的身份和使命。
1：2 其次保罗讲到了福音与旧约的关系，是承传的关系，是在旧约中就应许了的福音。
1：3 按旧约说，耶稣基督是大卫后裔，应验了旧约的预言和神的应许。参见撒母耳记
下7：12
1：4 按新约说，耶稣以复活显明自己是神的儿子。
1：5... 阅读全帖 |
|
j*******7
发帖数: 6300 | 5 http://coldcasechristianity.com/2015/why-is-the-trinity-an-esse
Why Is the Trinity An Essential Christian Doctrine?
I recently received an email question from a listener who
wrote: “I have studied quite a few different translations of the bible and
have full faith in what it says. I also believe that Jesus is my savior, and
do my best to live by what He taught. However, I am not a Christian
according to many religious leaders, because I do not believe in the
doctrine regarding the trinity. I hav... 阅读全帖 |
|
j*******7
发帖数: 6300 | 6 Some would say that the Bible presents an irreconcilable dilemma. Both the
New and Old Testament declare that there is only one God. Verses like
Deuteronomy 6:4-5, Isaiah 43:10, James 2:19, 1 Corinthians 8:4, 6 and 1
Timothy 2:5-6 make it rather clear; the writers of Jewish and Christian
scripture proclaimed the existence of a single, solitary God. While this is
the consistent message of the Bible, another thorny truth is also proclaimed
are all God:
All Three Are the All-Powerful Creator (Omnip... 阅读全帖 |
|
T*******y
发帖数: 6523 | 7 I understand it as everything is neutral, but my understanding is perhaps at
intellectual and emotional levels, and it can't be what Buddha has achieved.
Relative reality surely is not the ultimate reality, but it is reality at
certain level, and it has its usage for people to survive, communicate, etc.
What confounds me the most is still the concept of time. It's understandable
that it is defined by humans based on movements, and as I understand, there
're people who have had some transcendenta... 阅读全帖 |
|
t******g
发帖数: 17520 | 8 明白了
我觉得两边都有点激进， 有点太执着。
我上面引用的书里有着一段
....
He was against all belief systems-a position that confounded many of his
contemporaries, and that still puzzles peopele today who want to understand
what "ism", what philosophy, he propounded....
我觉得 你把信作为执着来说， 可能有些不妥， 对authority的疑, 是必须的， 不然
就是
鸵鸟政策了
至于你说的佛教的宣传和演变， 那就是个大话题了
20年前灵隐寺扫地的是和尚， 现在是雇的卫生人员
以前的香火能烧红“半边天”， 消防员有多个梯队
现在游客只能烧寺里给的三株清香。。。 |
|
o****o
发帖数: 8077 | 9 Partner wealth predicts self-reported orgasm frequency in a sample of Chinese women
Thomas V. Polletemail , Daniel Nettle
Abstract
There has been considerable speculation about the adaptive significance of the human female orgasm, with one hypothesis being that it promotes differential affiliation or conception with high-quality males. We investigated the relationship between women's self-reported orgasm frequency and the characteristics of their partners in a large representative sample ... 阅读全帖 |
|
r*****h
发帖数: 115 | 10 有钱是王道啊
Chinese women
the human female orgasm, with one hypothesis being that it promotes
differential affiliation or conception with high-quality males. We
investigated the relationship between women's self-reported orgasm frequency
and the characteristics of their partners in a large representative sample
from the Chinese Health and Family Life Survey. We found that women report
more frequent orgasms the higher their partner's income is. Th: is result
cannot be explained by possible confounds ... 阅读全帖 |
|
s***i
发帖数: 600 | 11 Quote:
于是2011年，波莱和列托在他们最初发表文章的《进化与人类行为》期刊发表声明，明
确更正了他们最初的结论。两人认为，女性的男性伴侣收入较高的话，通常意味着她们
自己更年轻，更健康，更有幸福感，具有更高的教育水平，这些因素会作为整体会直接
影响女性性高潮的体验。波莱和列托承认，“当其它因素被控制之后，已有数据并不支
持伴侣收入和自我报告的性高潮频率之间存在直接关系。
Chinese women
the human female orgasm, with one hypothesis being that it promotes
differential affiliation or conception with high-quality males. We
investigated the relationship between women's self-reported orgasm frequency
and the characteristics of their partners in a large representative sample
from th... 阅读全帖 |
|
x*r
发帖数: 11073 | 12 Social Science:
The Benefits of Multilingualism
Jared Diamond
Geography Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
90095-1524, USA.
E-mail: j******[email protected]
Multilingualism—the ability to understand and speak several languages—is
exceptional in the United States but common elsewhere, especially in small-
scale traditional societies. For instance, once while I was camped with some
New Guinea Highlanders conversing simultaneously in several local languages
, I asked ea... 阅读全帖 |
|
a*******y
发帖数: 400 | 13 典型的confounding
上个星期还看了一篇文章，大段数据证明排除了所有bias，口服避孕药和子宫颈癌没有任何关系，OR = 1.0 |
|
j****n
发帖数: 1263 | 14 这是一篇随手搜到的abstract。short answer应该是yes, it's a risk factor。但是
有害的东西少吃点没事，同时多吃健康的平衡一下。
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414933
Dietary factors and gastric cancer risk: hospital-based case control study.
Lazarevic K, Nagorni A, Rancic N, Milutinovic S, Stosic L, Ilijev I.
Source
Public Health Institute Nis, Nis, Serbia. k****[email protected]
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To examine possible associations between dietary factors and gastric cancer
risk among residents in the area of Nis, Serbia.
METHODS:
This ho... 阅读全帖 |
|
s*r
发帖数: 2757 | 15 不知道这个背后是不是有mosanto的funding
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/02/26/0912955107.short?rss=1
“Control” laboratory rodents are metabolically morbid: Why it matters
Abstract
Failure to recognize that many standard control rats and mice used in
biomedical research are sedentary, obese, glucose intolerant, and on a
trajectory to premature death may confound data interpretation and outcomes
of human studies. Fundamental aspects of cellular physiology, vulnerability
to oxidative stress, inflammation |
|
M*********9
发帖数: 15637 | 16 因为认识的局限性， 很多未知机制不明了， 没有考虑一些CONFOUNDING FACTORS.
无论多小心， 认识局限性不是短期能解决的。
有些发现只是因为作的人LUCKY， 选对了点。 但不是所有人都LUCKY， 结果搞出一堆
不能被重复的东西， 被很大一批有钱有权的MD所鄙视， 不相信。
前两年火过头了， LUCKY的人烧了很多钱， 灌了太多不能重复的高IF的浑水， 现在慢
慢来吧。
classificaiton,
另外 |
|
v**********h
发帖数: 230 | 17 feels like he is asking unadjusted or adjusted...like adjusted for any
effect modification, confounding or precision... |
|
s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 18 David Venet from the Université Libre de Bruxelles 用胡乱挑选的基因组合
和已经发表的所谓的癌基因的marker 用在未知的病人的数据上，发现胡乱挑选
的基因的准确率比那些所谓的marker 还要好。
文章结尾直接点了几个杂志的名：Cell, Nature Genetics, PNAS, 认为这些杂志
过分鼓吹所谓的 gene marker 的意义。从文章里面的行文来看，估计这些也是
把这个文章据掉的杂志 （lol)
文章最后发表在
PLoS Comput Biol. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002240. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
http://blog.f1000.com/2012/01/10/random-gene-sets-can-predict-b
Random gene sets can predict breast cancer survival better than cancer-
related signatures
And top-tier journals did not want to pu... 阅读全帖 |
|
s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 19 我觉得他的文章的意思就是大部分基因的表达程度都和细胞的活跃程度有关，
所以随便乱抓几个都能看出区别来，但是和癌症的机理基本上就是打酱油的关系。
总体意思就是目前的主流方法找出来的marker不能作为推测机理的起点。
他们在faculty 1000上抱怨说他们这篇文章一共投了4年，前后被六个
顶级杂志据了（他们直接点名的几家估计是对他们态度最糟糕的，哈哈哈）
这里是他们在PLoS Comp Biol 发表的文章的摘要。
Bridging the gap between animal or in vitro models and human disease is
essential in medical research. Researchers often suggest that a biological
mechanism is relevant to human cancer from the statistical association of a
gene expression marker (a signature) of this mechanism, that was d... 阅读全帖 |
|
s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 20 David Venet from the Université Libre de Bruxelles 用胡乱挑选的基因组合
和已经发表的所谓的癌基因的marker 用在未知的病人的数据上，发现胡乱挑选
的基因的准确率比那些所谓的marker 还要好。
文章结尾直接点了几个杂志的名：Cell, Nature Genetics, PNAS, 认为这些杂志
过分鼓吹所谓的 gene marker 的意义。从文章里面的行文来看，估计这些也是
把这个文章据掉的杂志 （lol)
文章最后发表在
PLoS Comput Biol. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002240. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
http://blog.f1000.com/2012/01/10/random-gene-sets-can-predict-b
Random gene sets can predict breast cancer survival better than cancer-
related signatures
And top-tier journals did not want to pu... 阅读全帖 |
|
s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 21 我觉得他的文章的意思就是大部分基因的表达程度都和细胞的活跃程度有关，
所以随便乱抓几个都能看出区别来，但是和癌症的机理基本上就是打酱油的关系。
总体意思就是目前的主流方法找出来的marker不能作为推测机理的起点。
他们在faculty 1000上抱怨说他们这篇文章一共投了4年，前后被六个
顶级杂志据了（他们直接点名的几家估计是对他们态度最糟糕的，哈哈哈）
这里是他们在PLoS Comp Biol 发表的文章的摘要。
Bridging the gap between animal or in vitro models and human disease is
essential in medical research. Researchers often suggest that a biological
mechanism is relevant to human cancer from the statistical association of a
gene expression marker (a signature) of this mechanism, that was d... 阅读全帖 |
|
D**g
发帖数: 739 | 22 有wsn/v 说统计是伪科学。尼玛，什么是科学，怎么搞科学你搞清楚没？没有统计支持
的生物学，最有资格算伪科学。不懂统计的生物男，连巫师都不如。
做试验，离不开比较和结论。没有统计常识的生物学家会怎么做比较呢？拿两个样品，
跑个western，看个条带粗细就敢下结论了。一个microarray的样品就敢代表一个试验
或对照组。为什么这么多搞生物的搞得这么惨？因为门槛低啊，找个纯文科生，连标准
曲线是什么都不知道也可以给你Elisa的数据，比较随便比，结论随便下，搞科研跟写
小说似的，故事讲的似是而非就可以了。一个故事好编，搞连载就惨了。
为什么生物学离不开统计？一个最简单的理由就是，任何试验都只可能用有限的样本，
生物学家的最终目的是通过有限的样本去揭示样本代表的群体的规律。只有克服随机误
差，bias 和confounding的干扰，我们才有可能逼近事实真相。你想说你和你老婆谁高
谁矮，这不需要统计。但你想知道中国某个年龄段男女的平均身高差异多大，光在家里
量你老婆肯定是不行的。 |
|
n***w
发帖数: 2405 | 23 这两年视觉研究的地震不少，
rd8这个新的突变于12年报导出来，对搞视觉研究的震撼很大，所有实验室回去筛选有
没有这个mutation，因为这个mutation和其他的rd突变不太一样的一点是除了直接的导
致视网膜退变，还有一些其他的表型，这个突变在c57bl/6n的老鼠里，c57bl/6j的没有
事儿。以至于之前有用这个6n做的模型发在很好的期刊上的文章，作者立马回去检查，
重复，确保表型和这个突变无关。
而这段时间的地震是RGC-5这个细胞系，大家也许都听过这个细胞，这个最开始是rat
ganglion cell line，但是呢，最近发现，这个细胞系其实没有在originator's实验室
外存在过，现在流传的RGC-5实际上已经mouse origin的cone photoreceptor cell
line。。。。这个很震惊，因为从最开始到现在已经过去了10多年的时间，用这个细胞
株发表的文章也超过了200多篇，也就是说，究竟有多少结论是站得住脚的，我们无法
得知了。
所以几个vision的journal都相继出社论来警告尤其用细胞系来做实验的，建议要用in
vivo或者pr... 阅读全帖 |
|
c*******L
发帖数: 20 | 24 题目是
Cancer Genomic Studies May Be Confounded by Mutational Heterogeneity
邮箱：a****[email protected]
谢谢 |
|
w****s
发帖数: 122 | 25 PhD in statistical genetics and genetics epidemiology, currently a post-doc
at UCSF.
expertise: genome-wide association studies, disease heritability estimation,
population stratification and candidate-gene based/genome-wide association
analysis, admixture mapping,Meta-analysis of GWAS,confounding and
heterogeneity in GWAS
Thanks!!! |
|
X******n
发帖数: 914 | 26 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6184/603.full.pdf
Large-Scale Psychological
Differences Within China Explained by
Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture
T. Talhelm,1
* X. Zhang,2,3 S. Oishi,1 C. Shimin,4 D. Duan,2 X. Lan,5 S. Kitayama5
Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West.
However,
this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China
. We
propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent,
whereas
farming wheat ma... 阅读全帖 |
|
X******n
发帖数: 914 | 27 Lack of Evidence for PKM2 Protein Kinase Activity－Molecular Cell
Highlights
•PEP-dependent phosphorylation was assayed in cell lysates using
radioactive PEP
•Trace adenine nucleotides can confound PEP-dependent phosphorylation
assay results
•PEP-dependent phosphorylation is rare and is not dependent on PKM2
•We are unable to detect PKM2 protein kinase activity in a variety of
contexts
Summary
The role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in cell proliferation is controversial
. A... 阅读全帖 |
|
b****r
发帖数: 17995 | 28 我那天没搜到原文，但发出来的就是一个数据：大肠癌比例增高18%
做过流行病的都知道，做人体流行病学调查和这种相对不常见的疾病（比起高血压动脉
粥样硬化之类），发病率升高18%实在是并卵，而且如你所说，有无数的confounding因
素可以说在人体实验根本不可控。可以说这个基本上就是垃圾data
可惜的是，这段子我已经在国内的微信鸡汤文看到很多次了。我觉得WHO这次做的很糟
糕很欠考虑 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 29 It's an interesting question. To the best of my knowledge, no RNA-seq
alignment tool was designed to tolerate CRISPR-mediated indels to date. I'm
not an RNA-seq expert, so it's possible that there are some on the way. You
can also email Luca Pinello, the author of CRISPResso. He might know more,
and he's a really nice guy.
Here I'm trying to think about a solution. There are two situations - I don'
t know which one is your case.
a) The sample for RNA-seq was derived from a single mutant clone. I... 阅读全帖 |
|
发帖数: 1 | 30 这种研究基本就是扯淡的，confounding factor和heterogeneity太多了。而且不幸的
是两个作者我都认识，其中一个整天把别人的文章挂在自己的google scholar上面，到
处吹捧。
PNAS是一个有政治取向的杂志，凡是有利于抨击中国的文章他们基本都发。 |
|
g*****j
发帖数: 1211 | 31 我无意改变你对AMA的看法，但是如果你能找到其他解释，比AMA更有资格评价公共
卫生发展的机构，当然欢迎。ＡＭＡ至少是尊重临床证据的机构，曾经无数次承认自
己的错误，从而改变旧医疗规范，公众比较了解的，比如sleep on belly and
SIDS, risk of Hormone replacement therapy, over use of
antibiotics。你拿来和宗教比，不知道教廷可曾否定过自己的理论。中医可曾否定
过自己的理论。
至于你说的医生罢工，这里有人给了解释，这种统计的confounder你应该很清楚吧！
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2741/when-doctors-go-on-strike-
does-the-death-rate-go-down
我不知道这样的罢工最近还有没有。我被告知的是在美国，医生是少数没有罢工权利
的职业。不知道这是法律还是不成文的新规定。 |
|
h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 32 我想你对一些东西的理解有误.
你基本上永远无法证明两者无关, 但是通过流行病学, 你可以发现两者的相关性(
association)有多大或者多小. 但是, 流行病学不可能找到因果关系(causation),
只能找到相关性(association). 即使你发现两者相关性很高, 但也很有可能有其他的
因素(confounding). |
|
n****e
发帖数: 135 | 33 Would you plot average gas price vs. time (by month) for me? Thanks.
Suppose average gas price is correlated to time, it can be expressed as a
function of time. I need to know if my assumption is correct, please give it a
try or let me know the data source so I can do it by myself.
Yes, we can assume a dependence of price difference on average price.
Unfortunately, time may be a confounding effector of average gas price, only
after we take out this effect, we can make the assumption. So, please |
|
|
h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 35 confoundings should be considered in this case. |
|
D******n
发帖数: 2836 | 36 你不理解我的意思，这个实验要做的好的话绝对是有用的。譬如你这个疑问 “所以奥数
金牌当数学家概率高并不是因为奥数让他们数学变好了，而是数学好的人通常会去参加
奥数”，就可以通过强迫数学好的人不去参加奥数而解决。就是挑出两批数学好的学生
，一批强迫参加奥数，一批强迫不让。
真正设计好的实验是比较好解决这类问题的。当然社科类的实验很难消除confounding
factors。社科里面经常找双生子进行试验。 |
|
s*******n
发帖数: 740 | 37 汗，是你不明白我的意思
我的意思是你这个实验根本没必要
参不参加奥赛和数学好不好完全没关系。 现实中数学好的基本都参加过奥赛只是self-
selection
奥数
confounding |
|
c****l
发帖数: 1086 | 38 你应该问你是提供oral还是被oral，概率不一样。
性别好像只是一个confounding factor |
|
s*******i
发帖数: 44 | 39 what is the difference between confounding bias and effect modification?
thanks! |
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 40 Please help me to clarify these two concepts.
Thanks |
|
|
e****0
发帖数: 678 | 42 Very clear!
All of you are very smart! |
|
k*****e
发帖数: 372 | 43 是的，有可能存在bias的地方我都提出来了。重申一下是一直以来都把自己当内科医生
，所以内科最好，而USMLE的考试又主要是内科为主，所以会有selection bias。1年前
准备过1个月不到的Step3，后来停了专职做PhD，直到11月再重新看，之间没有看过书
。不过期间看了半年NEJM，也坚持着用flashcard巩固知识。所以也有flashcard
confounding bias。Recall bias应该没有。BSO bias，因为这次考经都是在拿到成绩
前写的，所以应该没有。 |
|
f****i
发帖数: 129 | 44 44. A case-control study is conducted to assess the possible relationship
between regular use of aspirin and colon cancer. The odds ratio for colon
cancer among aspirin users is 0.6 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.4 to 0
.9. Which of the following is the most accurate conclusion?
O A) The attributable risk of colon cancer from aspirin use is 6 per 1000
person-years
O B) The incidence of colon cancer among aspirin users is 6 per 1000 person-
years
O C) The incidence of colon cancer among nonu... 阅读全帖 |
|
w****d
发帖数: 70 | 45 UW上考了道题：
OCP增加breast cancer,但是stratification以后 OCP增加有家族史的人breast cancer
发生率 (p<.05) 但是不增加没有家族史人的breast Cancer 发生率 (P>.05)
求各路大神帮忙解释解释 还有一周就考试了T_T |
|
d****x
发帖数: 22 | 46 This is effect modification. |
|
w****d
发帖数: 70 | 47
could you explain more? |
|
|
|
