n**e
发帖数: 2026 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Midlife 讨论区 】
发信人: nile (nile), 信区: Midlife
标 题: 素食给我健康之——素食与能量
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Mar 22 10:31:19 2014, 美东)
人体能量储蓄有两种方式，脂肪和糖原。用脂肪存储过剩能量的结果就是肥胖。糖原储
存在肝脏和肌肉细胞里，称肝糖原和肌糖原。糖原是健康的能量储存方式。肝糖原可以
随时分解成单糖维持血糖满足脑细胞的能量供应，肌糖原可以在原位为肌肉供能。糖原
储备不足的人不能耐受饥饿。血糖下降，无法用肝糖原迅速补充，饥饿状态下很容易出
现低血糖反应。这个时候靠动员脂肪通过糖异生来补充糖是来不及的。糖原就相当于高
能蓄电池。人们当然希望能够多以糖原而少用脂肪来存储能量。
脂肪和糖原的合成原料都是来自碳水化合物的葡萄糖。脂肪合成和糖原合成最关键的环
节就是脂肪酸合成酶，和糖原合成酶。前者通过脂肪酸合成酶变成脂肪，后者通过糖原
合成酶变成糖原。酶的数量和活性很大程度上是先天决定的。这也就是人们体型胖瘦不
同基础。
糖原合成酶主要受到胰岛素的正调控。进食血糖上升，使胰岛素分泌增加，... 阅读全帖 |
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A*********e
发帖数: 12 | 3 前一段时间我发了一个平价给大家编辑润色文书的帖子（http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t0/Biology/31972593.html），有不少朋友给我邮件。我修改润色的同时，发现生物人写paper有些共同的特点 :-) 所以和大家分享一下scientific writing的小tips。大牛们可以随便看看，我主要是写给有需要的版友们。
1. Less is more。语言风格中最重要的是简洁明了。一个句子中，每个词语的意思都
不可以省略，才证明句子是精简的。空洞无意义的短语有很多，比如:
"in order to"=to
"the fact that..."可以直接删除
"based on the fact that"=because,
"for the purpose of"=for
"it is suggested that a relationship may exist"="A relationship may exist"
"a total of 100 subjects"="100 subjects"
"found previously"="fou... 阅读全帖 |
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N*******w
发帖数: 74 | 4 大家好。本人生物出身，不懂临床。最近工作中遇到一个表述，即：......may have
silent coronary atherosclerosis。请问这里的silent是指什么？这句话用专业的中
文表述应该是怎样的？
非常感谢！ |
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N*******w
发帖数: 74 | 5 谢谢上面两位的解释。原文是这样的：Young adults with childhood onset diabetes
may have silent coronary atherosclerosis as measured by ultrasound.
谢谢！ |
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C****c
发帖数: 1964 | 6 三篇文章，双黄包答谢
From Loci to Biology
Functional Genomics of Genome-Wide Association for Coronary Disease
(Pro)renin Receptor and LDL Clearance
An Old Player Joins A New Game
The enigmatic role of sortilin in lipoprotein metabolism |
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o*****p
发帖数: 2977 | 7 原文有图
http://www.zhihu.com/question/54073341/answer/138160369
今年我觉得最让人震惊的学术界丑闻是哈佛大学的糖丑闻事件。
起因来自于2016年9月12日在《美国医学会期刊：内科学》（JAMA Internal Medicine
）杂志发表的一篇文章。这篇文章揭露了上个世纪60年代，美国制糖业的巨头们，通过
收买哈佛大学三位食品健康权威和行业相关规定制定者，弱化糖与心血管疾病之间关联
，并将心血管疾病的成因抹黑到饱和脂肪酸头上的丑闻。[1]
这件起调查的起因来自美国加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）的医学教授Stanton Glantz。
Stanton Glantz以前是一位牙医，在2007年参加的一次饮食健康产业界会议上，Glantz
听到了产业界“摄入过多的糖和引起身体的慢性疾病并没有相关性”的言论。产业界的
这一言论与他作为牙医的认知相悖，于是Glantz辞去了牙医的职位，加入UCSF成为了一
名医学教授。去研究糖和慢性疾病是否有相关性。
在上个世纪60年代，主要有两派学说在争论冠心病的饮食诱因，分别是：
伊丽莎白女王学院生理... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 1 | 8 本人想申绿，急求Review稿件！
在美有两年博后经历，主要研究方向：
1. Molecular/cellular biology.
2. Development of molecular/ cellular therapies for heart disease.
3. Stem and progenitor cell transplantation for cardiovascular regeneration.
4. Cardiovascular tissue engineering.
5. Development of novel methods of in vivo/ex vivo cell reprogram.
6. Novel approaches to therapeutic cell regeneration for coronary and
peripheral ischemic disease.
7. heart development.
8. Mechanisms of Congenital heart disease.
以上相关内容的稿件请都向我砸过来吧！谢谢... 阅读全帖 |
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j******0
发帖数: 258 | 9 hau AH, Motz JT, Gardecki JA, Waxman S, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. "Fingerprint
and high-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy in a human-swine coronary xenograft
in vivo".
J Biomed Opt 2008 July/August;13(4):040501. |
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L*****k
发帖数: 13042 | 10 我不是医生,不过知道下面这些。主要就是查
冠状动脉阻塞的程度。不过这些无创伤测试
要和很多risk factor 联系起来才有意义。
你还是找cardiologist咨询一下吧。
fatigue, chest pain，shortness of breath
这些症状都很典型。
CT calcification score
Coronary CT Angiography
cardiac mri stress test
不知道这些保险能不能cover |
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e*****a
发帖数: 1334 | 11 Here is an example, the PGY-1 is called "clinical base (CB) year" by
Northwestern program:
The CB year optimizes the experience of the perioperative physician. The
first ten months are devoted to four months of general internal medicine
rotations, two months of medical intensive care, and single-month
assignments to the emergency department, coronary care unit and cardiology
inpatient service, hematology-oncology, pulmonary consultation, and to
critical care medicine in the surgical intensive ca |
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j*******9
发帖数: 61 | 12 Primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty with and without epitifibatide in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Le May, et al. Circ Cardiovasc Interv.2009;2:330-338
If you have a chance get it, please sent it to f******[email protected], thanks. |
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l****7
发帖数: 148 | 13 A 60-year-old man is evaluated in the emergency department for chest
discomfort that has been present on and off for 6 hours. The patient is
treated with aspirin, intravenous β-blocker, and intravenous nitroglycerin.
Despite this treatment, the chest pain persists. The initial
electrocardiogram is shown (Figure 1). Initial troponin and creatine kinase
–MB levels are elevated.
The patient is taken urgently to the cardiac catheterization laboratory and
coronary angiography is performed. An acute o |
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w********2
发帖数: 86 | 14 ACAB
楼主能否解释这道题。
a 42 years old male presents with several months of dyspnea on exertion-----
B. coronary angiogram |
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l****7
发帖数: 148 | 15 This question presents with a right side heart failure, with implication of
restrictive heart disease. Reason is unknown yet and need to be explored.
among all choices, A, C, D are noninvasive and easy to perform as INITIAL
test, but it would be hard to justify for this patient without an obvious ischemic heart disease history to go right into Coronary Angiogram (an invasive and risky exam), although it could possibly be justified later on (evidence of
ischemia etc.), but not as Initial exam.
Al |
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k**e
发帖数: 2728 | 16 wiki says:
Acetylcholine is normally released by the parasympathetic nervous system (PS
NS) at rest, and causes dilation of the coronary arteries. While acetylcholi
ne induces vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle cells through a direct
mechanism, acetylcholine also stimulates endothelial cells to produce nitri
c oxide (NO). NO then diffuses out of the endothelial cells, stimulating rel
axation of the nearby smooth muscle cells. In healthy arterial walls, the ov
erall indirect relaxation in |
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A********1
发帖数: 554 | 17 三者之间的区别和联系
我基本上是看书看崩溃了，怎么越来越迷糊，越google越不明白。
明白人帮忙解释一下，先谢过了。 |
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s********p
发帖数: 1319 | 20 补充一点:变异性心绞痛的ST段也是抬高的.
. |
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s********p
发帖数: 1319 | 21 PCI时代,考点应该集中在ACS心肌损伤早期的生化标记物上:
ACS开始后, Mb, cTnT, cTnI和CK-MB升高的顺序,各自的时间曲线,各自的特异性和敏感
性.
最重要的是:cTnT, cTnI这两个东东,各自的特异性和敏感性都很高,比CK-MB释放的时间
早,可以说是决定是否做介入检查和治疗的"金标准"______就是它,必考! |
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h******u
发帖数: 602 | 23 ??????
I even do not know whether I can pass step 3 or not. The result will come
out next week
....................... |
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z****o
发帖数: 368 | 24 多谢讨论，其实我觉得答案更有可能是B: X->Y。我先说说我的想法大虾帮忙看看能不能这么解释，多谢多
谢！ :)
我的想法是：
1.根据flow和pressure的关系： Flow=Pressure/Resistance。所以图里面直线的斜率
应该是F/P=1/R。
2.因为图里面实线代表coronary arteries are maximally dilated,所以应该代表
minimal resistance。那么实线的斜率应该是at maximum。
3.实际冠脉直径应该比最大值要小，也就是Resistance要更大，也就是斜率应该比实线
小。所以应该去找斜率更小的联线为正确答案。
4.斜率比较 'x-z'>实线='y-w'>'x-y' 所以我觉得应该选BB
5.心脏活动增加冠脉灌注应该增加，所以A和E可以最先排除掉。 |
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z****o
发帖数: 368 | 25 Thanks Springstep. you are the expert! Another Q in follow up. Is the
coronary perfusion pressure equal to the aortic diastolic pressure? |
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d**o
发帖数: 618 | 26 旧话重提，今天查到NEJM的这篇最新文章，报告是否缺乏CYP2C19基因并不影响clopidogrel的临床表现，可见的确没有必要做该基因测试。文章引言提到了那个FDA的警告，而结论间接cast doubt on this warning:
"In conclusion, our study shows that CYP2C19 loss-of-function variants do not modify the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel. Therefore, loss-of-function allele carrier status should not preclude the use of clopidogrel at currently recommended doses in patients with acute coronary syndromes whose condition is being managed conservatively. Although similar results were observed ... 阅读全帖 |
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d****y
发帖数: 2180 | 27 看了一下文章的abstract, 结果看来基本上都是clopidogrel比placebo要好。
看到这一段，‘P=0.02 for interaction‘。 看来clopidogrel加上gain-of-function
allele疗效就是1+1〉2了。
" In contrast, gain-of-function carriers derived more benefit from
clopidogrel treatment as compared with placebo than did noncarriers
(rate of primary outcome among carriers, 7.7% vs. 13.0%; hazard ratio,
0.55; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.73; rate among noncarriers, 10.0% vs. 12.2%;
hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.05; P=0.02 for interaction). "
clopidogrel
的临床表现，可见的确没有... 阅读全帖 |
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h***a
发帖数: 312 | 28 an investigator is evaluting the outcome of the coronary artery bypass
grafting conducted by two surgeon in the community in the past year.
surgeon x who operates exclusively at the teritary center facility has a 30
days operative mortality of 3% surgeon y is at a community care facility has
a 30 days operative mortality of 1 %the difference in operative mortality
bet surgeon x and y is significance p<0.05 the investigator concludes the
patient should have care at the community care facility whi... 阅读全帖 |
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l*******8
发帖数: 290 | 29 Sorry, there's a figure in the question stem. The question is about coronary
blood flow and perfusion pressure. What's the change when a person at rest
begins to run to catch a bus?
Any input will be appreciated. |
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N***a
发帖数: 149 | 30 MEDICAL ETHICS 137 cases:
________________________
1. A 25- year old mother refused immunization for her 2-month old son. The
social worker spoke to the mother. (Important for Board examination)
Next step in management: immunization should be given for the benefit of the
child.
2. A 30-year old mother refused surgery for suspected appendicitis for her 6
-year old daughter. The social worker spoke to the mother. (Important for
Board examination)
Next step in management: surgical removal of the ap... 阅读全帖 |
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h****6
发帖数: 41 | 31 34. A 10-year-old Asian-American boy is brought to the office for a sports
physical examination. He has been healthy except for a few episodes of
otitis media as an infant. He has had no shortness of breath, syncope or
chest pain in the past. Growth has been normal. Vital signs are: temperature
36.6°C (97.8°F), pulse 80/min, respirations 16/min, and blood pressure
110/76 mm Hg. Cardiac examination discloses an early systolic click at the
apex, a midsystolic ejection murmur at the right upper ste... 阅读全帖 |
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L*****r
发帖数: 722 | 32 1. 胸痛的几个误区：
（1）ACS，这个本来看起来不会有什么问题，因为胸痛待查不可能不做系列心电图和肌
酶谱，但是也存在很致命的暗礁：
a.是开出心电图Q6hour, 但是病人收到病房，你却在急诊室忙着收病人，于是就忘记了
跑到病房 follow up 心电图Q6hour！这一段时间病情有可能急剧变化，譬如由NSTEMI
变成STEMI，需要立刻上心导管，如果你漏掉了，那就是很严重的事故。所以，新
INTERN的 duty check list 很重要，一定要按时follow up病人，不能够认为收入病房
就万事大吉。
b. 糖尿病患者或老年人，痛阈很高，心梗或PE可能没有胸痛，但是会表现为呼吸困难
。所以，这些患者的呼吸困难，等同于胸痛对待。
c. 常看到“order EKG, cardiac enzyme to R/O ACS” 的医嘱，其实这反映了一个概
念性错误。因为 即使EKG变化不明显,、cardiac enzyme正常，也可能从临床上诊断
unstable angina。关键是UA也是ACS的一个亚型，要按 NSTEMI 处理，给 full dose
anticoagu... 阅读全帖 |
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z****a
发帖数: 150 | 33 Fellowship programs
Cardiovascular Disease (IM) Regions: Mid Atlantic 43, New England 20.
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont;;
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania.
Connecticut
1. Bridgeport Hospital/Yale University Program
Bridgeport, Connecticut 141-08-11-211.. Yes we do sponsor H1b visas, and
starting date for Eras applications is at the end of November and the cut
off date end of March.
No further info on application.
Program Director: Craig A McPhers... 阅读全帖 |
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h***y
发帖数: 834 | 34 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
zhzhaa (麦地) 于 (Fri Jun 24 16:27:52 2011, 美东) 提到:
没有绿卡，怎么办？用H1。网站信息不全？自己努力！
每一个我都打电话或者 email确定过，
如果写的含糊，说明这个pregram电话没有接通，email也不回。
信可以写的很简单：
Dear Dr. Scorpion,
I am interested in the general cardiology fellowship in your institution
starting 2012. Could you please let me know if your institution sponsors H1B
visa?
记得 检查拼写正确就是了。
这个没有包括阿拉私家。
心脏科依然挣钱多，但是lifestyle不好。任何一个call 都是要命的。
但是，生活方式都是自己选的。祝愿 各位心想事成。
----
刚刚发现 没办法添加word附件，只好 后面慢慢贴上来：
☆─────────────... 阅读全帖 |
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y********1
发帖数: 22 | 35 The following are the highlights of the conference:
CME Credits: 6.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM *
Hematology & Oncology
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality for people younger than 85 years
old. After decades of vigorous study, new modalities of cancer treatment
are emerging. Advance in research has brought new hope in fundamental
changes in cancer treatment. To share these exciting progresses in cancer
biology, physicians and scientists from the BMS Hematology and Oncology
Session wi... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********1
发帖数: 68 | 36 I'm a little confused with the following question. Different forums have
different answers. Anybo
the following vignette applies to the next 2 items.
You have been treating a 5-month-old child in the neonatal intensive care
unit (NICU). He was delivered at 26 weeks' gestation by cesarean delivery
because of premature rupture of membranes. The mother is 18 years old and is
unemployed. There are two other children in the home. The father is not
living with them, and he has not been in contact with... 阅读全帖 |
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m******r
发帖数: 1904 | 37 1.没用过。不懂。
2.Common abbreviations for SP note
BP Blood pressure
P pulse
R respiatory rate
T temperature
yo year-old
m male
f female
b black
w white
L left
R right
hx history
h/o history of
c/o complaining of
NL normal limits
WNL within normal limits
Ø without or no
+ positive
- negative
Abd abdomen
AIDS acquired immune deficiency... 阅读全帖 |
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l******g
发帖数: 278 | 38 Six hours after undergoing surgical excision of the distal colon for
cancer, a 77-year-old man has decreased urine output. His urine output has
been 10 mL/h during the past 3 hours. During the 4-hour operation, he lost
500 mL of blood and underwent transfusion of 1 unit of packed red blood
cells. His initial postoperative course was uncomplicated. Two years ago, he
had a myocardial infarction and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.
He has a 10-year history of hypertension well contro... 阅读全帖 |
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z*****o
发帖数: 37 | 39 A 56-year-od woman has recently diagnosed carcinoma of the breast. An x-ray
of the chest shows a tumor next to the right side of the heart. An enhanced
CT scan with the tumor invading the pericardium is shown.Which of the
following structures is most likely involved.
A. Coronary sinus
B. Greater splanchinic vein
C.Right phrenic nerve
D.Right Vagus nerve
E.Thoracic duct
我的选择是D， 但错了。正确答案是C. 能请哪位高手给个详细的解释吗？图这里粘贴
不出来。 |
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J**b
发帖数: 182 | 40 some more:
7.“reciproca” change in lead I with inferior wall STeMI:
A. Elevated ST segment
B. Low-voltage QRS
C. Wide QRS
D. Depressed ST segment
E. Irregular narrow QRS
8. Ventricular ectopy:
A. Elevated ST segment
B. Low-voltage QRS
C. Wide QRS
D. Depressed ST segment
E. Irregular narrow QRS
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
A. The AV node is usually perfused by the posterior descending coronary
artery
B. The right ventricular bundle has an ante... 阅读全帖 |
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J**b
发帖数: 182 | 41 非常谢谢前辈的答复。
第5题虽然感觉diabetic是个高危因素，但是考虑95% occlusion of left anterior
first diagonal coronary artery，说明stenosis developing slowly, and
collateral branches have been developed.
所以不知和C哪个更高危。
3我猜是C。刚看了EKG书，Unusually prominent QRS voltage in leads II, III and
aVF 我的理解是lead I upward, aVF downward, 这时，left axis deviation,所以
left ventricular hypertrophy duo to left hear failure。
再次多谢。 |
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h*******y
发帖数: 1220 | 42 3. Unusually prominent QRS voltage in leads II, III and aVF
A. High output heart failure
B. Diastolic heart failure
C. Left sided failure
D. Acute heart failure
E. Cor pulmonale
II III aVF leads refer to right coronary artery or right heart, so answer
should be
Cor pulmonale? |
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b*****l
发帖数: 8603 | 43 2007年的，不知道你们说的是不是这个。祝好。
medical ethics more than hundred cases
Sep 24th, 2007, 12:17pm
1. A 25- year old mother refused immunization for her 2-month old son. The
social worker spoke to the mother. (Important for Board examination)
Next step in management: immunization should be given for the benefit of the
child.
2. A 30-year old mother refused surgery for suspected appendicitis for her 6
-year old daughter. The social worker spoke to the mother. (Important for
Board examination)
Next step in ma... 阅读全帖 |
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m******r
发帖数: 1904 | 44 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
oldclock (oldclock) 于 (Wed Apr 18 10:59:11 2012, 美东) 提到:
1。step2 CS的UW video要单买还是在CS的UW题库里都包括了？
2。patient note可以写ABBREVIATIONS吗？除了FA上的ABBREVIATIONS，还有其他哪些
地方的ABBREVIATIONS可以用呢？
3。此外，看到麦地里有提到过patient note用子弹体方式书写，什莫是子弹体啊？哪
里可以找到范文呢？ 给扫扫盲吧。
多谢各位了！
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
medwater (小麦) 于 (Wed Apr 18 11:08:03 2012, 美东) 提到:
1.没用过。不懂。
2.Common abbreviations for SP note
BP Blood pressure
P pulse
R respiatory rat... 阅读全帖 |
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e****0
发帖数: 678 | 45 • leukemia
ALL AML CLL
child adult elderly
BM lymphoblasts 25%myeloblasts
lab Lymphocyte 5000, mature-appearing cells
• Osgood-schlatters disease
Adolescent male athletes
Traction apophysitis—quadriceps tendon put the traction on the
apophysis of the tibial tubercle where patellar tendon inserts.
A firm mass =heterotopic bone formation
Pain can be reproduced by extending the kne... 阅读全帖 |
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d******u
发帖数: 10 | 46 HTN drugs:
1. LISINOPRIL 40MG 1TAB QD
2. HCTZ 25MG 1tab QD
3. Amlodipine 10mg 1TAB QD
4. Carvedilol 25mg 1TAB BID
Carvedilol is also for his coronary artery disease.
His blood pressure reading are from 130/80 to 140/90 with those drugs. |
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j**********0
发帖数: 391 | 47 Aspirin is also used to prevent thrombi formation. But I don't know why
aspirin is the option for acute coronary syndrome, but not for DVT.
Is this caused by the difference of artery vs venous, or pathogenesis of
thrombi (one is platelet mediated vs coagulation factors mediated)?
Thanks. |
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j******1
发帖数: 138 | 48 Wafarin从不用于CAD,只用于DVT和pulmonary embolus. Aspirin用于acute coronary
syndrome,而且是第一时间，Heparin在进行PCI的1时候使用而且是暂时的。 |
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k******e
发帖数: 80 | 49 我是08年10月底开始申请加州考试的，今年1月底通过审核。中间因为找学校教务处盖
章很麻烦，耽误了2个多月，材料才得以从学校寄出。个人觉得申请算是比较顺利。把
我当时准备的情况跟大家说一下也许对将要申请的人有一点帮助。
我个人从这里寄出去的材料包括：
1.国内护士执照的公正，在这里网上找的公证处，在纽约，叫最佳公正，电话
7183212810
2.指纹卡，就在我住的地方的警察局办的，free
3.handbook上的申请表，贴一张照片在右下角（handbook链接：http://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/applicants/exam-app.pdf）
这一页有一项是填社会安全号，我当时没有就空着的，没有关系。
4.两张支票，一张办指纹的($51)，一张申请的($75)
5.写了一封信，表示感谢，一张纸，很客气的几句话
从学校寄出的材料：
1.中英文成绩单（学校有，我来之前到学校教务处办好的）
2.学位证书和毕业证书中英文版（来之前自己办好到学校教务处办好的，盖好了章）
3.课程描述9门（内外妇儿、精神科护理、生理、解剖、免疫、微生物，好像是这些，
请参考的人自己再斟酌。）... 阅读全帖 |
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c********e
发帖数: 598 | 50 Nurse As Patient Advocate: Nurse Should
Have Questioned Why No Order Was Written.
The patient’s coronary artery stent
occluded ten days after he was discharged
from the hospital after cardiac
catheterization.
He sued the hospital for professional
negligence. The Court of Appeals
of Texas ruled that the patient’s
lawyers’ nursing expert witness report
did correctly state the legal standard of
care for the hospital’s discharge nurse,
overruling a lower court judge’s opinion
to the contrary.
Nurse |
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