l*********0
发帖数: 85 | 1 Recommended folic acid daily doses: 0.2 mg for children and 0.4 mg for
adults.
A 200-ml glass of beer contains 0.06 mg of folic acid.
Without any extra folic acid supplement, for daily basic requirement, you
need drink 200*(0.4/0.06)=1280 ml beer (355ml/12oz, 1280/355 almost 4
bottles), regardless the negative effect of alcohol in beer.
Less than 1280 ml beer daily, you may gradually suffer from folic acid
deficiency.
But higher than 1280 ml beer daily, alcohol may be the major problem later.
Co |
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j******g
发帖数: 386 | 2 明白了，也就是说我以前概念有误，beer里的folic acid没那么多，不足以抵消
alcohol对folic acid吸收的阻碍作用。不过你这里算法有点问题，把beer算成folic
acid的唯一来源，这样的话要是不喝beer岂不是肯定有folic acid deficiency啦...
.
acid |
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y*******d
发帖数: 1674 | 3 我平时吃prenental vitamins的同时还吃2颗每片400mcg的那种folic acid。今天才发
现我吃的prenental vitamins里面已经有 800 mcg folic acid。 相当于我一直都吃
1600 mcg我大概查了一下，说对我的身体比如神经系统不利，但是对宝宝呢？？555现
在都４个多月了， 好担心吃多了药对宝宝不好。folic acid 吃多了是不是不好啊。 |
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j******g
发帖数: 386 | 4 记得beerl里含大量folic acid,不会引起folic acid缺乏吧？UW CK里一道题，喝了一
年beer，有贫血，结果是缺乏folic acid引起的。想不通。 |
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j******g
发帖数: 386 | 5 可是明明记得Step1时候，alcoholism引起的folic acid缺乏，beer是个例外，只喝
beer不会造成folic acid缺乏，因为beer里含有大量folic acid。 |
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az
发帖数: 16686 | 6 Foods high in folic acid
Food Folic Acid μg/Serving
Dietary Folate Equivalents*(DFE)
Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal 100 – 400/serving; read labels
Enriched wheat tortilla 98 / one 8” tortilla
Whole wheat tortilla 24 / one 8” tortilla
Enriched white bread 39 / slice
Enriched pasta, cooked 92 / half cup
Whole wheat bread 14 / slice
Whole wheat pasta 23 / half cup
Lentils, cooked 180 / cup
Black-eyed peas, dried, cooked 105 / half cup
Pinto beans or chickpeas, cooked |
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f****t
发帖数: 25 | 7 突然想要小孩了，不知道要吃哪种。看到pregnatal vitamins+DHA里面好像含folic
acid，那还要单独吃folic acid吗？
也不知道吃多长时间就可以怀了，请妈妈们给点经验，谢谢先！ |
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C***m
发帖数: 420 | 8 家庭医生开了这个药，以前都吃Materna的，Folic Acid 只有1mg，但是pregvit folic
5却有5mg，吓了一跳。不是叶酸吃太多了对宝宝不好吗，每天最多不是不能超过1mg吗
？请问大家有没有吃过的？谢谢！ |
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H***0
发帖数: 11 | 11 叶酸在怀孕期间对胎儿发育有重要作用。
叶酸缺乏会造成胎儿神经系统发育缺陷，所以美国医学会提倡所有可能怀孕的妇女补充
叶酸。
叶酸基本上没有副作用，除非长期服用每天超过1000mcg.
所以即使没有怀孕，也应该吃叶酸。
下面摘自WebMed
Folic acid is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth or injected
into the body. Most adults do not experience any side effects when used in
doses less than 1000 mcg daily.
Folic acid is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth in large doses, long-term.
High doses of folic acid might cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash,
sleep disorders, irritability, confusion, nausea, s... 阅读全帖 |
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M*****8
发帖数: 17722 | 12
"The FDA ‘protects’ the big drug companies and are subsequently rewarded,
and using the government’s police powers they attack those who threaten the
big drug companies. People think that the FDA is protecting them. It isn’t
. What the FDA is doing and what the public thinks it is doing are as
different as night and day."
–-- Dr. Herbert Ley – Former U.S. FDA Commissioner
https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/14/archives/demoralized-fda-struggles-to-
cope-some-top-jobs-remain-unfilled-at.html
"In rec... 阅读全帖 |
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l*********8
发帖数: 254 | 13 屯的好孕维生素太多了，转让一些全新的维生素：没有打开过包装，没有吃过。
Prenatal Vitamins:
Brand New, Sealed in the original package:
One A Day Women's Prenatal Vitamins, Twin Pack, 120 Count, EXP Dec/13
60 PrenatalDHA/EPALiquid Gels & 60 PrenetalMultivitamin Tablets
One A Day Women's Prenatal is a complete multivitamin tablet with at least
100% of the recommended Daily Value for vital nutrients such as folic acid
and iron. A liquid gel with DHA, an Omega-3 fatty acid that helps support
healthy fetal brain and eye development duri... 阅读全帖 |
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x*l
发帖数: 178 | 14 I gave this example is trying to say that the side effects of some medicines
will not be known until very late. Even with the current very strict rule
of FDA, the well-designed researches may not be able to find the side
effects until they develop at very late stage, say 50 years later. It's
better not to interfere with what is normal, such as morning sick, heart
burning in pregnancy and pain in labor. I agree that a person should look
for a doctor if there is anything wrong or different from... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********h
发帖数: 436 | 15 Try something without iron first. My OB said iron can cause nausea and
constipation. If that still doesn't work, take only folic acid. Folic acid
is the single most important vitamin during pregnancy if you're a healthy
person. It's more important to take only folic acid than to eat a whole
prenatal pill just to throw everything up in five minutes.
If you still throw up with only folic acid, chances are that your baby would
still be fine. I hate to be mean in the other post because I know it's h... 阅读全帖 |
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r*********d
发帖数: 12 | 16 先抱抱mm
其他检查都做了吗？如果确定是这两个基因变异引起的，那mm不要着急，很好解决的，
最重要的一点就是要补充folate，最好是methytetrahydrofolate，注意一定不要是
folic acid！看看你吃的prenatal vitamin，里面的叶酸如果是标注的folic acid，那
马上停掉，MTHFR C677T mutaion会让你的身体无法代谢synthetic folic acid，而且
不能有效吸收食物里的天然叶酸，所以就可能造成流产。
你再仔细看看你的基因检测报告，这两个突变是homo还是heterozygous mutation（就
是一个还是两个copy的变异基因），如果是两个的话，不管它是不是最终造成你流产的
原因，你都应该停止含folic acid的supplement |
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v**********m
发帖数: 5516 | 17 来自主题: _pennystock版 - sppi http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110421006626/en/Spectru
April 21, 2011 02:42 PM Eastern Daylight Time
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Announces FDA Approval of FUSILEV®’s Ready-to
-Use Formulation (RTU)
* Until Now FUSILEV® Has Been Available Only As A Lyophilized
Product
* FUSILEV® sNDA For Use In Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer is
Currently Under Review By The FDA
o PDUFA Action Date – April 29, 2011
* FUSILEV® Is Currently FDA Approved and Mark... 阅读全帖 |
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A*****a
发帖数: 52743 | 19 你链接的绝对不是医用的。根据病因是缺维生素b12还是叶酸，你或者需要注射维生素
b12, 或者叶酸。去pharmacy问问，一般他们可以帮助注射。但你需要医生告诉你注射
什么，剂量。
For a general lack of vitamin B12 or pernicious anemia, you may need monthly
injections of the vitamin. Oral supplements may also be given. Adding more
foods with vitamin B12 to your diet can help. Such foods include eggs,
chicken, fortified cereals, milk, and shellfish.
Megaloblastic anemia caused by a lack of folic acid may be treated with oral
or intravenous folic acid supplementation. Dietary changes ... 阅读全帖 |
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s******g
发帖数: 1709 | 20 汇报一下costco的prenatal multi +DHA 200 MG.
这个是包含dha的，每片200mg的DHA ,还有也包含folic acid每片800mg，我之前一直吃
的是专门的folic acid，每片也是800mg，我还在网上查了一下，folic acid每天的摄
入量最好就是800mg，所以，我觉得costco的prenatal multi+dha，是很好的，基本上
需要的物质都有。 |
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D**********N
发帖数: 743 | 21 非常非常感谢你的建议。
我一直都有吃GNC买的folic acid， 现在开始吃prenatal还需要吃folic acid吗？是不
是prenatal就有folic acid了呢？
非常感谢。 |
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f******o
发帖数: 484 | 22 想买维生素怀孕前三个月吃，在GNC网上看有三种哪种好？非常感谢！
GNC Women's Prenatal Program, 30-Day Program 一天四片
http://www.gnc.com/product/index.jsp?productId=3359445
1,000 mcg of folic acid to support healthy fetal development
200 mg of DHA vital for baby’s brain and eye development
1,200 mg of bone-strengthening calcium
400 IU of vitamin D-3 to enhance calcium absorption
Prenatal Formula – 60 Caplets, Calcium 600 – 30 Caplets, DHA 200 – 30
Softgels
GNC Women's Prenatal Formula with Iron, Caplets 这种还分含with ... 阅读全帖 |
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j*****h
发帖数: 252 | 23 我看中文网页，大部分都认为No...
http://baike.pcbaby.com.cn/qzbd/952573.html
杏子及杏仁：杏子味酸性大热，且有滑胎作用。由于妊娠胎气胎热较重，故产前一般应
吃清淡食物，而杏子的热性及其滑胎特性，为孕妇之大忌。
但是查英文网站，很多都很推荐杏干呢。姐妹们的经验呢？谢谢！
Dried apricots high in folic acid:
We all know the benefits of folic acid to pregnant women, and dried apricots
contain high amounts of folic acid that provides pregnant women with a rich
source of magnesium, iron, and dietary fibre. The dried apricots also make
a perfect snack between the meals. |
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s**********h
发帖数: 436 | 24 My OB told me the most important thing is folic acid during the first
trimester. Since I tended to throw up after taking my prenatals, my OB
suggested that I only take folic acid. There was no point of taking
prenatals just to throw up, including the most important folic acid. It kind
of worked - I threw up less frequently. |
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e*******n
发帖数: 872 | 25 其他检查就做了几个，什么致畸五项 蛋白质C s 还有抗心磷脂、nuclear抗体 染色体
也不给做 说流产三次以上才给查 目前就知道METHR C677T和A1298C基因变异,跟楼下说
的一样，one copy of each。看完后医生还给开了folic acid，没有提到folate跟
folic acid的事情，我倒是网上看到一个帖子提到过，还没往心里去，楼上folate跟
folic acid是医生告知的吗？下次再去换一家医院看看，目前这家不太靠谱啊 |
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S*****o
发帖数: 131 | 26 看你怎么消化吸收了 - below is from wikipedia
Spinach has a high nutritional value and is extremely rich in antioxidants,
especially when fresh, steamed, or quickly boiled. It is a rich source of
vitamin A (and especially high in lutein), vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K,
magnesium, manganese, folate, betaine, iron, vitamin B2, calcium, potassium,
vitamin B6, folic acid, copper, protein, phosphorus, zinc, niacin, selenium
and omega-3 fatty acids. Recently, opioid peptides called rubiscolins have
also been ... 阅读全帖 |
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c*******s
发帖数: 399 | 27 No, I don't know the answer.
All chronic Alcoholics have malnutrition virtually due to lack of intake and
impaired absorption. My question is why folic acid and thiamins defficiency
are always addressed first,and treated promptly?
Some web search I did today:
folic acid deficiency: cause: 1.poor intake
2. ECHO dehydrogenase interferes the folic
acid utiliztion
thiamine: cause: poor intake and absorption |
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c*******s
发帖数: 399 | 28 Thanks.
in short, on the top of poor intake , alcoholics have high
alcoholdehydragnase level which interferes the folic acid utiliaztion by
binding to folic acid; high ECHO metabalism depletes the thiamine, which
make the folic acid and thiamine deficiency more prominent than other
nutrients deficiency
is
to |
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y*****l
发帖数: 5997 | 29 sppi 最近要炒FDA吗？
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Responds to FDA's Complete Response Letter for
Fusilev
Sunday 11/07/2010 1:04 AM ET - Close-up Media
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology company with fully integrated
commercial and drug development operations with a primary focus in oncology,
announced that on Friday, October 29, it submitted a complete response to
the "Complete Response" letter issued by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), regarding its supplemental New Drug Application (s... 阅读全帖 |
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j**f
发帖数: 7403 | 30 prenatal vitamin + folic acid (有的维生素就含有了folic acid)
+ dha(鱼油，如果你不吐的话，吐的话，过了前几个月不吐了再吃DHA），每天各一片
钱是小事。孩子是大事。只要不上DAYCARE，花费很小的。DAYCARE是大头
：）
昨天测试显示怀孕，兴奋得一夜没有睡着，今天想补觉，但是由于太兴奋不能入眠。老
公昨晚也没有睡，不过他是由于太焦虑，他说现在要孩子还太早。
我们现在都是学生，没有什么收入，不知道能否养得起这个小孩。虽然老公马上毕业，
也已经找到了工作，是学校实验室的技术员，虽然稳定但工资只有三万多。
我现在是小硕一枚。一年后毕业，但看就业前景，铁定是找不到什么好工作。所以打算
毕业后转专业，申Phd。现在我选课也是一直往新专业靠，所以未来几年我也不可能有
很高的收入。
我的问题是，养小孩到底要花多少钱？
顺便问，我现在需要注意什么？需要补充维生素吗？如果要补，是什么维生素？
谢谢各位有经验的妈妈！ |
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f******I
发帖数: 769 | 31
balanced diet and routine exercise and adequate rest are good for overall
health, if you are concerned about folate intake during pregnancy, most of
flour is folic acid fortified, or you can get over the counter folic acid at
400 mcg a day, 1mg a day you'd need a prescription, leafy vegetables are
rich in folate, and some breakfast cereals are enriched with folate as well, |
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l*h
发帖数: 4124 | 32 there was a study in ~2004 saying aspirin users had a higher chance of low
B12 levels, but other studies cannot replicate the results.
there is also no known mechanism for aspirin to interfere with B12
metabolism.
aspirin is known to reduce absorption and increase excretion of vit C and
folic acid. but for the majority in a modern society, this has no impact
because of the much more than sufficient supply of vit C and folic acid in
food. for the vulnerable ones though, this can be a problem, som... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********e
发帖数: 326 | 33 现在怀孕七周多，五月初要回国，约的ob在六月份，现在有两个问题请教大家：
1. 听说怀孕期间要吃vitamin, 姐妹们给我推荐一些可以在超市买到的吧， 什么地方
可以买到。
2. 另外我现在在吃从walmart买的folic acid,800mcg的那种绿色瓶子， 如果我开始吃
vitamin, 这个folic acid要停掉吗 。
谢谢 |
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r********s
发帖数: 114 | 34 姐妹们，我现在怀孕8周半，之前一直吃ob开的维生素，今天才看到他的成分是folate
1mg include folic acid 400mcg，那就是说我每天只吃了400MCG的叶酸，是不是太少
了呀，还是FOLATE 可以转化成FOLIC ACID呢,正好是最关键的一个月，心里好怕，请知
道的姐妹们给我些建议吧，多谢了。 |
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s*********e
发帖数: 944 | 35 来自主题: NextGeneration版 - 备孕 请教 我们打算最近要个宝宝。因为是以前没有怀过孕，所以什么都不懂，请教一下：）
1，备孕及怀孕的过程中，女方可以喝咖啡吗？其实我喝得不多，每天就一杯，可是确
实已经养成习惯了。
2，昨天去买了folic acid.说明建议是每天饭后一颗。一颗是400mcg.我看版上很多mm
说是一天要1000mcg.所以我不知道我是不是要吃2颗？
3，是folic acid好还是prenatal vitamin好？
4，怀孕之前是不是要去医院做一下妇科检查啊，还是就自己直接做功课就好？
现在想到的就是这些问题，其实也是一头雾水，也都不知道该问些什么该准备些什么。
谢谢各位姐妹帮助！ |
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D*********y
发帖数: 876 | 36 来自主题: NextGeneration版 - 备孕 请教 1，备孕及怀孕的过程中，女方可以喝咖啡吗？其实我喝得不多，每天就一杯，可是确
实已经养成习惯了。
我的OB说一天一杯没问题
不要冲的太浓
实在不放心可以喝咖啡因free的咖啡
2，昨天去买了folic acid.说明建议是每天饭后一颗。一颗是400mcg.我看版上很多mm
说是一天要1000mcg.所以我不知道我是不是要吃2颗？
我从怀孕前就开始吃prenatal vitamin
3，是folic acid好还是prenatal vitamin好？
同上
4，怀孕之前是不是要去医院做一下妇科检查啊，还是就自己直接做功课就好？
至少做一下pap smear吧 |
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n********2
发帖数: 37 | 37 My OB said folic acid is the most important thing that you need to take when
I told him I am taking "one a day" plus folic acid. But I forgot to tell
him that I am taking regular "one a day" instead of "one a day" prenatal
vitamins. I will see him this Friday and will come to update it. |
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w*******7
发帖数: 412 | 38 都2个月了,从发现的时候就和OB说了,OB 自己给开的检查,有macrocytic anemia,不是
我提醒她都没意识到指标异常.后来问她要不要补充v B12 and folic acid,她说不用,
吃prenatal vitamin is enough.可是我本来就每天都吃prenatal vitamin的,想想自己
专门又去买了额外的B12 and folic acid每天吃,过了2个月了还是没有改善,MCV还是
102.今天门诊的internist 打我电话让我去查VB 12 level and methylmalonic acid
level. 说如果低去用IM injection of VB12.
我现在很不高兴,觉得我的OB怎么没有on top of everythings 呢? 前不久竟然还让我
用了categorical C 的pain killer, while there's categorical B pain killer
exist, 如果不是我说她竟然都不知道哪个药是categorical B or C! 现在她忽然去
vacation了,也没有和我说,... 阅读全帖 |
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g*****h
发帖数: 76 | 39 知道怀孕后， 开始吃叶酸 (prenatal vitamins, including folic acid: 800mcg).
另外还买了prenatal multi +DHA (including folic acid: 800mcg). 医生说吃一种
就可以， 建议第一种就行。 所以把第二种退了。 但是第一种没有DHA (as the
bottle said: may help support fetal brain & eye development)呀.
所以， 想请教一下， 究竟吃那种好呢？or both?
Thanks! |
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I****s
发帖数: 6150 | 40 A zinc-dependent enzyme is necessary for the metabolism of folic acid. Folic
acid may reduce zinc absorption when the dietary zinc intake is low but not
when it is high.
如果不是吃单独的叶酸片剂，而是吃复合维生素的话，不会影响锌的吸收。因为里面有
搭配好的足量的锌，叶酸含量一般也不会过高。
国内大多数人补叶酸，吃的都是单独的叶酸片，吃多了造成影响锌的吸收倒也不奇怪。
而且她们吃的都很不统一。我看到有好些人随便买来叶酸就吃，吃的都是普通叶酸片（
不是专门针对孕妇的），是专门治疗贫血的，叶酸含量高达5mg。而孕妇的叶酸推荐量
大概是600mcg=0.6mg。乱吃叶酸的后果就是超标太多了。 |
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p*********d
发帖数: 2373 | 41 其它的没关系，folic acid还是要吃，可以买单纯的folic acid |
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l******2
发帖数: 2994 | 42 过敏体质的娃没有母乳后人们因为牛奶的盛行和牛奶粉的统治地位给人的印象是只有脱
敏奶粉或豆奶粉可以用了。其实大家都忘了羊奶，鲜羊奶是人类很长时间内的小孩的救
命奶，农村不久前还有的地方把母山羊养在屋中给娃产奶，那待遇是很高的。这待遇可
不是牛，因为羊奶脂肪链短，蛋白质成分和人奶最相近，味道和人奶也最像。因为结构
成分等跟人奶相似的原因，羊奶的吸收也除了人奶是最容易的，不会产生肠道不良反应
，几乎不会有过敏反应。羊奶的缺点是不含铁，喝羊奶要补充铁剂。牛奶走人小娃的世
界纯粹是因为产量和工业化的推广。
脱敏奶粉都很难喝，孩子喝不下不妨试试羊奶。美国EBAY上有澳大利亚的羊奶粉，
WHOLEFOODS 消毒的羊奶，有些家庭农场有山羊奶卖。不建议买新羊奶，说是有种细菌
容易对小孩致命，所以新鲜羊奶不能给低于 一岁的小孩吃。我从纽约州的一个农场给
我1岁半的小娃定过半年，不贵，后来因为没人开300英里送货断掉了。鲜羊奶在冰箱中
的保质期是两个星期。之前6个大的时候因为过敏不喝奶粉，脱敏的味道孩子不接受，
在网上查偶然发现的信息，结果羊奶的前世今生才浮出水面，真是个好东西。提供羊奶
的话一定补偿铁剂... 阅读全帖 |
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n***a
发帖数: 1373 | 43 Your husband doesn't need to take folic acid. You can buy prenatal vitamin
which includes folic acid. You can search amazon. com and see reviews. |
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x********u
发帖数: 15396 | 45 natural choice：
Lamb meal, ground rice, rice flour, rice bran, sunflower oil (preserved with
mixed tocopherols, a source of natural vitamin E), poultry fat (preserved
with mixed tocopherols, a source of natural vitamin E), natural flavors,
rice gluten, dried egg product, dried beet pulp (sugar removed), potassium
chloride, l-lysine, dried kelp (source of iodine), salt, choline chloride,
zinc sulfate, vitamin E supplement, taurine, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid
(source of vitamin C), biotin, cop... 阅读全帖 |
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Z**i
发帖数: 5681 | 46 Nutro我不太推荐，肉太少了。。。
第一个前三个成分只有一个是Lamb，而且是Lamb Meal。。。不太好吧。
Lamb Meal, Rice Flour, Rice Bran, Rice Gluten, Ground Rice, Dried Beet
Pulp,
Soybean Oil, Sunflower Oil (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source
of
natural Vitamin E), Poultry Fat (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a
source
of natural Vitamin E), Natural Flavor, Potassium Chloride, Dried Kelp (
source of Iodine), Dried Egg Product, Zinc Sulfate, Vitamin E
Supplement,
Ferrous Sulfate, Taurine, Choline Chloride, Biotin, Ascorbic Acid
(so... 阅读全帖 |
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p****y
发帖数: 23737 | 47 Recently, there has been a renewed interest in vegetarian diets. Today there
are countless books, cookbooks, and magazine articles promoting vegetarian
diets and providing guidance for those who wish to follow a meatless diet. A
Short Historical Perspective on Vegetarian Diets
In the past, many viewed vegetarianism as strange and faddish but
appropriately planned vegetarian diets are now recognized by many, including
the American Dietetic Association, as being nutritionally adequate, and
providi... 阅读全帖 |
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L****n
发帖数: 12932 | 48 Not to disagree with Aplus above, slight degree of anemia is very common in
old age people. However, symptom so severe (progressive worsening of fatigue
even to resting shortness of breathe) is unusual. That should direct u
toward the diagnosis of folic acid/b12 deficiency: different from common
form of anemia, its insult come from 2 sides, one, the hemoglobin level is
low, second, hemoglobin is less efficient (congregate into a big ball rather
than a donut, hence pernicious). Folic acid deficie... 阅读全帖 |
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e****0
发帖数: 678 | 49 • leukemia
ALL AML CLL
child adult elderly
BM lymphoblasts 25%myeloblasts
lab Lymphocyte 5000, mature-appearing cells
• Osgood-schlatters disease
Adolescent male athletes
Traction apophysitis—quadriceps tendon put the traction on the
apophysis of the tibial tubercle where patellar tendon inserts.
A firm mass =heterotopic bone formation
Pain can be reproduced by extending the kne... 阅读全帖 |
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j******o
发帖数: 383 | 50 昨天ER护士给report时说到 Banana bag, 我完全不知道是什么东东就马上问她，发现
在工作中很多时候有些简称什么的让人摸不着头脑，在这希望和大家交流一下，要如何
学习这些"slang" ,在哪里能找到医院里常有的简称呢？
A banana bag is an intravenous nutritional supplement that commonly is
prescribed to hospital patients who have nutritional deficiencies or
chemical imbalances. It contains a liter of saline solution that includes a
10 milliliter ampoule of multivitamin injection (MVI); one milligram of
folic acid, which is vitamin B9; 100 milligrams of thiamine, which is
vitamin B1; and sometime... 阅读全帖 |
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