w*******y
发帖数: 60932 | 1 Progressive International HGT-11 Folding Mandoline Slicer $14 shipped[FSSS]
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* Cutting plates conveniently store underneat... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 2 Experimental evidence
Many laboratory studies of bacterial conjugation, trans- duction and
transformation over the last 80 years have provided valuable insights into
some of the mechanisms and frequencies of HGT. More recently, field studies
on HGT support many of the laboratory findings (Souza et al., 2002) and
reveal the widespread occurrence of HGT amongst bacteria and viruses (Maeda
et al., 2006; Sander and Schmieger, 2001; van den Eede et al., 2004;
Weinbauer, 2004).
HGT has been recorded i... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 3 Inconsistent evolutionary scenarios
Deriving a parsimonious evolutionary scenario is based on the premise that
over time, genetic change is relent- less, such that distant relatives are
expected to have fewer features in common than close relatives (Koonin et al
., 2001). Therefore, the presence of some distinguishing ge- netic signal in
a distant relative but absent from more closely related organisms
contradicts this expectation. The most common causes of these anomalies are
loss of the geneti... 阅读全帖 |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 4 Lovesunshine是回我的贴，而GT AA是我贴里提到的。
我们学区成分比较混杂，黑墨学生一半，白人三分之一弱，亚裔六分之一弱。但初高中
理科类HGT program里亚裔占了五六成，而黑墨加起来一成左右。有些人就跳出来扣帽
子，说我们学区HGT program 搞种族隔离，HGT 入学标准有种族偏向，造成
Achievement Gap。我们学区就想降低黑墨学生的HGT录取标准，提高黑墨学生比例。
这些HGT program大多数时候都是Color-blind的招生，所以连白人有时候都不到比例。
但为了照顾黑墨学生，这些program大多放在黑墨穷区，离白人区华人区比较远，并且
每年他们会从本地学生中招15-20%。但这些举措还是不能提高黑墨比例到人口比例。
实际上HGT这种program背后的教育理念是因材施教。如果人为地论肤色不论材录取，只
会对这些program有负面的影响。比如你招了那些水平不到的黑墨小孩进来，你降不降
低教学标准？不降低，你就是在拔这些孩子的苗，对他们的长期成长是不利的。降低了
，你就影响HGT的整体质量，偏离了HGT Program的初衷，失掉了HG... 阅读全帖 |
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f*******e
发帖数: 3433 | 5 我之前也查了很多HGT娃和ASPERGER娃的区别。两者实际上有很多交集，比如很好的记
忆力，对一些喜欢的东西有很好的FOCUS，都有一些RIGID（但比较轻微），很早也能读
书认字。但HGT和ASPERGER娃一个很大区别是对人对话对故事书的理解能力。HGT对
人的理解能力小时后就很强了，ASPERGER却不行。所以ASPERGER IQ很高的那部分
是属于高智商低情商的。
而且理解力也分种类，我认得一些有ASPERGER的计算机系教授，对专业理解能力很强，
逻辑能力很强，让我自叹不如，但他们对人的理解能力却很弱。高智商低情商就是这样
得来的。很多人认为BILL GATES和FACEBOOK的zuckerberg都有ASPERGER，我也
这么感觉。
也许这么说跟合适。GIFTED和special education并不矛盾。gifted kids可能没有
aspergeror hypernumeray等, 也可能有。但有asperger等的并不一定是HGT。
HGT是高智商高情商，asperger是高智商低情商。之所以
很多竞赛拿高分的有asperger等症状，是因为这些人对社交需... 阅读全帖 |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 6 HGT自杀的肯定有些是Twice Exceptional，但多大比例很难说。因为一些藤校，特别是
大藤，自杀率甚至高于Asperger娃的自杀率，所以把HGT高自杀率完全归结于Asperger
是说不太通的。另外大藤的招生重全面发展，重leadership，Asperger孩子在大藤中的
比例不会太高。
大家看到报道出来的藤校或高中名校的学生自杀个案，大多数孩子都是看上去很正常阳
光，朋友很多的孩子。我不觉得这些HGT孩子自杀可以归结于Asperger。
我觉得Asperger孩子自杀率高不是Asperger内因直接造成的，而是由于我前文提到
的基本社交需求没得到满足以及社会歧视造成的。如果一个孩子已经outgrow了
Asperger，或者解决了社交需求的问题，这些孩子的自杀率应该和其他孩子差不多。
另外Asperger的误诊很常见。在学龄儿童身上，Asperger和HGT的症状有很多项重合。
一些outgrow的case其实是早期误诊。正常孩子的情商发展是个长期的事，情商的发展
有快慢早晚。另外，我以前也提到了HGT的孩子社交环境更恶劣些。有些HGT的孩子在学
龄前和小学低年级的时... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 7 HGT involving eukaryotes
The best recognized examples of HGT in eukaryotes in- clude the wholesale
absorption of bacterial genomes that once existed as endosymbionts or
parasites and now ex- ist as remnant genomes, such as mitochondria and plas-
tids (Gray, 1993). This process of ‘you are what you eat’ (Doolittle,
1998) has continued throughout evolu- tion and includes gene acquisitions
from both prokary- otic (Hotopp et al., 2007) and eukaryotic endosymbionts (
Li et al., 2006; Nosenko and Bhat... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 8 Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the stable transfer of genetic material
from one organism to another without reproduction or human intervention.
Transfer occurs by the passage of donor genetic material across cellular
boundaries, followed by heritable incorporation to the genome of the
recipient organism. In addition to conju- gation, transformation and
transduction, other diverse mechanisms of DNA and RNA uptake occur in nature
. The genome of almost every organism reveals the footprint of ma... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 9 Gene transfer refers to the movement of genes within or between individual
organisms. HGT is often used to refer to all forms of gene transfer that do
not involve parent- to-offspring transfer (sexual or asexual). It can occur
ei- ther naturally or by human intervention (e.g. gene tech- nology, embryo
rescue, in vitro fertilization, protoplast fusion, self-cloning). In some
cases, HGT may be tran- sient, and not perpetuated in the offspring. Each
form of HGT comes with different considerations o... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 10 Anomalous nucleotide composition
HGT inferred from anomalous nucleotide composition is based on the premise
that genomes evolve to species- specific values due to replication,
transcription and trans- lation biases, variations in nucleotide and amino
acid pools, and different DNA repair preferences. Thus, if codon usage, GC
content or oligonucleotide signatures differ significantly from the mean for
a given genome, then HGT may be invoked (Dufraigne et al., 2005; Hooper and
Berg, 2002; Kanaya et... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 11 HGT involving prokaryotes
Many studies support the significant role of HGT in the evolution of
prokaryotes (Gogarten et al., 2002; Jain et al., 2003; Kunin and Ouzounis,
2003). The principle sources of novel genes are provided by other prokary-
otes, viruses and MGEs (Fig. 1). In particular, plasmids and composite
mobile elements contribute significantly to HGT between prokaryotes. In some
cases, composite elements and megaplasmids are composed of more than 100
genes (Bentley et al., 2002; Hacke... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 12 HGT involving viruses
Viruses undergo frequent HGT but this is typically re- stricted to gene
exchange between viral genomes present in the same infection. Many viral
genomes have few genes (less than 10), which constrains the number and types
of genes that can be expected to increase or even maintain fitness.
Consequently, viruses with small genomes have been rarely reported to
contain non- virally derived genetic elements (Agranovsky et al., 1991;
Becker, 2000; Khatchikian et al., 1989; Masuta... 阅读全帖 |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 13 你对Hypernumeracy有不少误解。绝大多数hypernumeracy的孩子只是对数字感兴趣，但
数学并不好，特别是到了初高中的时候。就好比Hyperlexia的孩子对字母单词感兴趣，
但reading和ELA并不好。这其实都是在同一个环节上出了问题 - 理解。Hypernumeracy
的孩子由于对数字敏感，记忆力好，小学低年级的时候数学都不错，但真正学好数学，
特别是初高中数学，达到竞赛水平，光靠对数字敏感记忆力好是不够的，更需要的是对
数学概念的理解和应用 - 而这正是典型hypernumeracy孩子的弱项。
有一些hypernumeracy的孩子长大后数学也很好，但如果你观察他们的发展，会发现他
们数学进步的时候，也是他hypernumeracy症状减弱甚至消失的时候。换言之，不是
hypernumeracy导致了数学天分，而是孩子outgrow hypernumeracy。
你所讨论的普通娃和hyoernumeracy在解题上的差别，其实和hypernumeracy没啥关系，
只是数学智商高低和数学教育好坏的问题。
另外记忆力好，专注力强只是诊断ASD，Asperge... 阅读全帖 |
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t******l
发帖数: 10908 | 14 还有我觉得这个 HGT (High Gifted) 也可能有 selection bias。。。除了好比陶天才
小学低年级直接超前到高中代数实在没办法的那种，一般如果单单是 gifted 也没造成
任何问题，那为啥要吃饱了撑的去测试？
或者就拿上面的比方，有没有人因为自己每周比别人多几次性高潮，也没其他方面的问
题，就屁颠得不行，主动付钱到医生那边去跪求做个猛男测试的？。。。陶天才那种好
比实在是性高潮太频繁到影响父母日常工作的，另说。。。当然如果是马蓉和宝强不得
不说的故事，那也另说。。。
：我之前也查了很多HGT娃和ASPERGER娃的区别。两者实际上有很多交集，比如很好的记
：忆力，对一些喜欢的东西有很好的FOCUS，都有一些RIGID（但比较轻微），很早也能
读书认字。但HGT和ASPERGER娃一个很大区别是对人对话对故事书的理解能力。HGT对 |
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y**********n
发帖数: 478 | 15 有很大关系吧。证明进化是有方向的并不难，排除进化是随机的这个null Hypothesis
就可以了。看文章结论 (文章也指出有些因素比如horizontal gene transfer确实是随
机分布的)：
Prokaryotic genomics revealed the wide spread of HGT in the prokaryotic
world and is often claimed to
‘‘uproot’’ the TOL (Doolittle, 1999). Indeed, it is now well established
that HGT spares virtually no genes
at some stages in their history (Gogarten and Townsend, 2005), and these
findings make obsolete a
‘‘strong’’ TOL concept under which all (or the substantial majority) of
the genes would... 阅读全帖 |
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s*******w
发帖数: 2257 | 16 抗美援朝的是是非非 还原三大被颠倒历史(图)
文章来源: 共识网 于 2015-01-10 09:16:39
抗美援朝的功臣彭德怀、高岗、洪学智、邓华下场悲惨，而反对抗美援朝的林彪、被淘
汰的“狗熊”黄永胜后来却红得发紫；在志愿军战俘中，一心向党、回到大陆的爱国者
受尽磨难，而那些贪生怕死、选择去台湾的叛国者大都享尽尊荣；没有主动发起侵略战
争的李承晚，一直被当成侵略成性、反动腐朽的坏家伙，是发动朝鲜战争的罪魁祸首；
而朝鲜战争的真正发动者，给中美韩朝四国带来巨大灾难的金日成，却一直被当作战争
的受害者，是抗击外敌侵略、保家卫国的大英雄。本文选自共识网，作者马双有，原题
为《抗美援朝后，那些颠倒事》。
中国人民志愿军跨过鸭绿江
A、参战的将领堕入地狱，反战的将领青云直上
1950年朝鲜战争爆发时，毛泽东主张出兵抗美援朝，中央高层支持者寥寥，反对者众多
，林彪的反对最为坚决。而且以身体有病为由拒绝出任抗美援朝总司令。无奈中毛泽东
只好招来了在大西北的彭德怀，彭德怀坚决响应毛泽东，坚决支持出兵援朝，慨然答应
出任志愿军总司令。在朝鲜三年血战，率领百万大军，历尽千辛万苦，终于打败了世界
头号... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 17 The rapidly growing library of complete genome se- quences reveals that HGT
is a major factor in shaping the genomes of all organisms. Comparison of
three Es- cherichia coli strains reveals that only 39% of the genome is
conserved, and the rest differs, mainly as a consequence of HGT (Welch et al
., 2002). About 50% of the human genome is composed of mobile genetic
elements, which have largely originated through HGT at different times in
our evolutionary past, and undergone varying degrees of ex... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 18 In the short term, HGT can increase genetic diversity and promote the spread
of novel adaptations between organisms (Marri et al., 2007; Thomason and
Read, 2006). HGT has been a major contributory factor to the rapid spread of
antibiotic re- sistance amongst pathogenic bacteria in the last 50 years (
Mazel and Davies, 1999), and the emergence of in- creased virulence in
bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses (Derbise et al., 2007; Friesen et al., 2006
; Mild et al., 2007). In the long term it has been... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 19 Phylogenetic analysis
Phylogenetic analysis of gene or protein sequences for the presence of an
incongruent phylogenetic signal is considered to represent the most rigorous
method for de- tecting past HGT events (Koonin et al., 2001; Syvanen, 1994)
. Smith et al. (1992) established the basic require- ments for application
of the phylogenetic congruency test to identify and support cases of HGT.
The test com- pares the phylogenetic tree constructed from a specific
protein or gene sequence with th... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 20 PATHWAYS FOR HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
HGT can occur between closely related, but also dis- tantly related
organisms such as viruses and animals (Filée et al., 2002; Hughes and
Friedman, 2003) or plants and bacteria (Aoki and Syo ̄no, 1999;
Intrieri and Buiatti, 2001; Koonin et al., 2001; White et al., 1983).
An overview of the major pathways for HGT between donor and recipient is
depicted in Figure 1. The relative impact of each pathway also indicates
that MGEs are one of the most important... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 21 Indirect HGT
In addition to direct HGT between organisms as de- picted in Figure 1, forms
of indirect HGT have been observed, which involve an additional
intermediary or- ganism in gene transfer from a host organism to the final
recipient organism. The most notable are virus- mediated gene transfer (
transduction) between bacteria (Weinbauer, 2004), retrotransfer of a plasmid
to a sec- ond bacterium, acquiring host genes and returning to the original
bacterium (Ronchel et al., 2000), the spread ... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 22 Cellular competency (natural transformation) refers to the active uptake of
free (extracellular) DNA across the cell wall and cell membrane(s) using
cellular machinery designed to facilitate the process (Dubnau, 1999; Lorenz
and Wackernagel, 1994). It is a highly regulated physio- logical state that
is often sensitive to environmental cues (Molin and Tolker-Nielsen, 2003).
When the DNA is her- itably incorporated into the recipient’s genome, the
pro- cess is known as transformation.
Bacterial co... 阅读全帖 |
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t******l
发帖数: 10908 | 23 我实话实说觉得心理学还不如体育学。。。心理学都不区分 “专注力” vs “持久注
意力”，体育系上把 sprinter 和 endurance runner 分开讨论的。
另外心理学是理想环境，但实践上马工上班码 code 的专注力肯定比做 AIME 强太多，
因为来支票。。。而如果不是要教娃，估计根本就不会去做 AIME 题，专注力降到零。
另外的问题我觉得 HGT 可能也有 selection bias，或者说 HGT 其实也不是普通正常
范围的娃。
：那些研究教育，心理，自闭多动的应该已经把专注力量化了吧。所以才有结论，HGT的 |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 24 我孩子还在初中，我看不到AP方面的限制。在初中阶段我看到的限制措施主要是：限制
数学快班track；取消期末考试，GPA放水；取消和限制Afterschool课后活动；Highly
GT program 搞AA (没成功) 。
以前我们附近几个学区小学升初中有数学分班考试。考得好的学生可以跳三四个年级学
数学。这两年都限制了，只准跳一级或两级。
其中一个好学区还取消了期末考试 - 据说是因为很多孩子数学期末考试考得不好，让
学区领导难堪了。现在孩子的最后成绩主要看四个阶段评估。如果你两个阶段评估拿A
，两个阶段拿B，总评就是A。而且阶段评估侧重课堂作业和家庭作业完成情况。总体来
说听话的孩子拿A容易了。倒是一些GT娃，平时不好好做作业不爱听老师照本宣科的，
现在基本成绩在中下游打转了。
这个学区还准备AA HGT program - 大幅降低黑墨学生入学HGT的标准。这个已经是完全
违背教育基本原则了，反对声音很大，未果。
另一个好学区的措施是砍课后兴趣班。以前他们那的好初中有十多项课后活动，
Mathcounts，Science Bowl,Programming，Debate/Pub... 阅读全帖 |
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发帖数: 632 | 25 MGEs are drivers of genomic and biological diversity (Böhne et al.,
2008) and play a significant role in HGT in several ways:
(1) MGEshaveevolvedmechanismsthatenhancethepo- tential for gene transfer
between organisms. For ex- ample, conjugative elements have evolved highly
ef- ficient mechanisms for the passage of genes into a recipient cell.
(2) MGEs can alter the function of genes in the vicin- ity of the insertion
in the host genome. These alter- ations can include disruption or
inactiva... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 26 MECHANISMS OF HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
HGT is a two-step process with mechanistically and bio- chemically distinct
phases. Firstly, there is passage of donor genetic material across the cell
membrane(s) of the recipient cell, including other envelope structures such
as a cell wall or nuclear membrane. Secondly, there is sta- ble
incorporation of the donor genetic material into the genome of the recipient
organism such that the new gene may be perpetuated through the offspring.
In the case of mul... 阅读全帖 |
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k***n
发帖数: 3158 | 27 NG is probably the only one in the commodity basket that did not participate
the nice run since June. It actually went down quite a lot. In a big picture
I do believe it will eventually catch up as oil price runs up.
But you are right, it is not worth guessing when NG will follow other
commodities' pace. Too many factors involved.
My play with NG is holding gas producers who hedge their productions and pay
nice dividends. FCG is a basket of gas producers. But my favorate one is
HGT. I have been ... 阅读全帖 |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 28 接下来讨论前文有人提到过的Asperger孩子"对社交需求低"。
这个观点我不赞成的。Asperger的孩子和其它高功自闭的孩子不一样。Asperger的孩子
不是对社交需求低，而是社交能力低。理解这一点，对教育Asperger的孩子是非常重要
的。
Asperger的孩子其实对社交的需求并不低。某种意义上，他们比高功自闭的孩子更可怜
。高功自闭没有什么社交的需求，可以很快乐的活在自己的世界里，只要外人不来打扰
。而对Asperger的孩子，他们是想和别人社交，却由于社交能力低不能很好的社交。当
他们的社交需求不断碰壁后，他们也许会表现出社交需求低。但这其实是种内心痛苦的
自我保护。如果孩子自己不能调整心理来适应这种状况的话，久而久之，容易引发更严
重的心理问题。康州加州两个多人枪击案的主犯都是这种没有朋友没有社交又无法平衡
的Asperger孩子。
所以对于这些Asperger的孩子，帮助他们社交是很重要的。在他们小时候，培养社交能
力其实是次要的，更重要的提供一个友善宽容允许他们犯社交错误的社交环境。先要满
足他们的社交需求，再慢慢帮助他们提高社交能力。提高社交能力是个漫长的活，家... 阅读全帖 |
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f*******e
发帖数: 3433 | 29 如果HGT里自杀的这么多，那么里面肯定有很大一部分实际上是有ASPERGER的。很多
gifted kids没有被诊断出asperger,因为他们的gift掩盖了本身的一些问题。
asperger的也很可能outgrow。 高智商的变得符合HGT标准，但有没有一些asperger的
残留，也很难说。诊断都是人为的。比如我家小孩，他的医生虽然诊断他为asperger,
却不很确定，因为asperger症状只达到最低标准。所以她说明年还要再EVALUATE一下。
我这几天注意了一下小孩，发现一个暑假过后，他的理解力社交力增长很快。我现在给
他读书他都能回答问题，和别的小孩玩的时候主动打招呼，说话，经常SHOW OFF他的东
西，试图帮助别的小孩。最近以前的一些rigidity症状也消失了，除了有时候想要某个
东西再我说了NO以后还一直要几遍以后才放弃了。在别的小孩不接受他帮助或者不
回打招呼时开始有点沮丧了。所以我现在教他如何和别人沟通，比如不应该看别的小孩
有困难就说我帮你，而应该先问他是否需要帮助，如果他说需要再帮助。我不确定现在
他是outgrow了还是社交方面还有障碍，目前还在观察... 阅读全帖 |
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t******l
发帖数: 10908 | 30 如果大藤自杀率高于 Highly Gifted，而 Highly Gifted 自杀率高于 Aspergers 的话
。。。那我觉得看起来自杀率更像是跟 “完美主义 + 期望值高”（Perfectionism +
High Expectations）的相关性更大，跟 Aspergers 相关性可能反而不是那么大。
这也可能可以解释为啥社交需求对自杀率反而可能是双刃剑。。。因为 “高期望值”
（High Expectations）的来源，一个是自身期望值，另一个是他人/社会期望值。。。
而后者反而跟社交需求正相关。。。而轻微自闭不鸟社会的，反而可能没事。
总结以上大胆假设就是，“沟命海心”跟自杀率的相关性，可能比 Aspergers 更大。
。。而心理学研究的 Highly Gifted，实际上是指 identified Highly Gifted，也就
是说被戴上了 Highly Gifted 高帽子的群体（当然这是废话，没戴高帽子的心理学老
军医也不可能知道，知道也不能发 paper），所以不排除有 “海命洋心” 的可能性。
：HGT自杀的肯定有些是Twice Exceptiona... 阅读全帖 |
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d****g
发帖数: 7460 | 31 多谢多谢。
我们这里没有黑人。。除了领养的和交换生。。我们如果有HGT，亚裔估计也要占五六
成。。但事实怎么样呢？事实是白人根本就不允许有HGT项目。。
对亚裔来说，不管怎样亚裔靠公立都是吃不饱的。最后只有自立更生。靠家长要么掏钱
包，要么掏经历。。白人教育的理念就是＂私立＂，自个儿管自个儿的。(右派谓之为
保守主义，小政府；左派也支持因为多元化？）
对公共政策来说，我不知道纳税人的钱怎么花最合算。。公说公有理，婆说婆有理。。
我要是川普，我会两头都抓，办一个天才班，再办一个少数民族照顾班。但川普显然不
是我。。。:) |
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s***n
发帖数: 1280 | 32 HGT是指 Highly Gifted & Talented.
GT细分有几档，G(有时又称MG，Moderately Gifted), HG (Highly Gifted), EG (
Exceptionally Gifted), PG (Profoundly Gifted)。
比如我们学区的初高中数理 Magnet program，是从报名的GT学生里十里挑一考进去的
，我们一般就认为那是HGT的program。自然我们学区的GT标准比较低，一小半学生都是
GT...
几年级开始GT看学区。我们附近几个学区有一二年级开始的，有三四年级开始的，有没
有GT的。初高中的Magnet一般都是五八年级入学考试，然后六九年级开始。 |
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k***n
发帖数: 3158 | 33 for natural gas sector I have a super pick, HGT
bought it last April at $18
even in a big down year for natural gas, HGT still managed to hold its
ground and slowly appreciate
the ice on the cake is that it pays a 7.5%+ dividend
have been sitting on this baby, waiting for the explosion of natural gas,
which will come eventually. Look at 2006 and 2008, when it goes, it goes
like a rocket.
UNG is not the right vehicle to play natural gas. But I do have some leap
calls gambling its explosion. |
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k******o
发帖数: 3328 | 34 Walnut and diamond bar has outstanding school district. Rowland Hgts/
Hacienda Hgts have good school district. You might smell (cow) in summer
occasionally in Chino.
Chino Hill is in between.
If you have interesting to purchase house and get loan. please contact me. |
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i********f
发帖数: 206 | 35 截至06/24 01:00 (30人报名)
jmgjj - jmgjj - 40 (不做队长，不做裁判)
wry - 986 - 50
tteou - xiyangyang - 30 (我愿意做任何事情)
minchinese - yasiyo - 50
liusp - ghost - 60
babykitty - beibei - 30 (俺要和Mr。Jim一伙)
sleep_hare - sleephare - 50
iamicewolf - firebird - 40
kaaka - xiuxiu - 50
JAlan - JAlan - 40
watermoon - watermoon - 40
hgt - hgt - 20
shuimao - naru - 20
yeyuan2 |
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y**********n
发帖数: 478 | 36 进化是有明确的方向性的，看比较基因组学的证据：
Comparison of phylogenetic trees and search for a central trend in the "
forest of life".
Koonin EV, Puigbò P, Wolf YI.
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
The widespread exchange of genes among prokaryotes, known as horizontal gene
transfer (HGT), is often considered to "uproot" the Tree of Life (TOL).
Indeed, it is by now fully clear that genes in general possess di... 阅读全帖 |
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n*****t
发帖数: 22014 | 37 最起码要向东延伸到 rowland hgts 吧，现在大华已经开到 chino/rancho cocumonga
了。再说了，学生才几个人啊，华人已经向 corona 移民了。
今天柿子 69c，石榴 79c，买点吃吃。不知道啥时候肉蟹开始 199 |
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w*********g
发帖数: 30882 | 38 笔者对此发表以下看法：
（1）卫生部2007年颁布实施《新资源食品管理办法》有意取消了2002年颁布实施
的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》“第五条 转基因食品的食用安全性和营养质量不得低
于对应的原有食品”这个条款，是退步，而不是进步！这种删除的实质是，进一步顺从
邪恶孟山都为首跨国转基因产业的私利与压力，置中国人民持续安全、健康、生存与繁
衍于不顾！
（2）卫生部2007年颁布实施《新资源食品管理办法》有意取消了2002年颁布实施
的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》“第五条”，但是卫生部《新资源食品管理办法》“第
三条”规定：
第三条 新资源食品应当符合《食品卫生法》及有关法规、规章、标准的规定，对
人体不得产生任何急性、亚急性、慢性或其他潜在性健康危害。
依据该第三条规定，在对于抗草甘膦转基因大豆加工的转基因大豆油，检测出超过
俄罗斯对大豆油草甘膦残留量允许标准与中国卫生部对棉籽油草甘膦残留最高限量2.9-
6倍的草甘膦残留量，已经证实对人类健康，特别对青少年、儿童、婴儿与孕妇及其胎
儿，造成极其严重危害情况下，（1）对人类健康不是形成 “潜在性健康危害”而是... 阅读全帖 |
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S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 39 【 以下文字转载自 Stock 讨论区 】
发信人: StephenKing (金博士), 信区: Stock
标 题: 市面上流通1358种电子货币，包括ByteCoin
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Dec 15 00:59:47 2017, 美东)
# Name Symbol Market Cap Price Circulating Supply Volume (
24h) % 1h % 24h % 7d
1
Bitcoin BTC $290,617,804,480 $17,358.40 16,742,200 $15,
825,500,000 -0.36% 5.62% 3.15%
2
Ethereum ETH $63,827,563,522 $662.47 96,348,146 $3,723,
910,000 -0.48% -10.50% 52.62%
3
Bitc... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 40 The discovery of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can be traced to 1928 when
Fred Griffith reported the trans- fer of genetic material from heat-killed
virulent Strep- tococcus pneumoniae to an avirulent form of the bac- terium
by a process he described as transformation (Bushman, 2002). It wasn’t
until 1946 that other forms of non-reproductive gene transfer between
organisms were identified and variously described as conjugation, trans-
duction, recombination, rearrangement, linkage disequi- libr... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 41 There are several approaches to identify genetic changes due to HGT,
including:
(1) experimental evidence, whereby a genetic marker is monitored for gene
transfer to a recipient organism;
(2) phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences to identify topological
inconsistencies between different gene families;
(3) nucleotide compositional analysis to identify any gene that has a
nucleotide pattern that differs signifi- cantly from the overall genome; and
(4) evolutionary scenarios to explain the patchy... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 42 Mobile genetic elements
MGEs are non-essential (accessory) genomic elements composed of genes and
structural features that facil- itate their spread both within and between
organisms (Doolittle and Sapienza, 1980; Orgel and Crick, 1980). They are
found in the genomes of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. MGEs share many
features and often share a common ancestry with viruses. The main difference
is that viruses are usually capable of extracellular persis- tence.
MGEs, including defective forms, are... 阅读全帖 |
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w********2
发帖数: 632 | 43 Translocation of genetic material
The major mechanisms of HGT described in the literature include conjugation,
cellular competency (natural trans- formation) and virus-mediated
transduction (Chen et al., 2005; Dreiseikelmann, 1994; Dubnau, 1999).
However, these mechanisms only refer to the first step of any suc- cessful
gene transfer event, namely the passage of ge- netic material across
cellular barriers. Independent mech- anisms are involved in integrating the
new genes into the genome of the ... 阅读全帖 |
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b**********k
发帖数: 1262 | 46 就只切了几片 证明是可行的， 所以就只刷了几片
用起来很简单，
1.把肉先冻住，
2.要用的时候, 放到微波里面大概1分钟20秒的样子， 也可以有+/-10秒的误差啦， 冻
起来是为了等下刷起来方便， 微波一下是让它冻的不要太硬能刷的动， 总之自己把握
好了， 时间不能太长，不然就不用吃火锅了， 微波炉就直接烤熟了
3.有两个可以选 有thin 和 thick slice，看个人了，
4. 肉块也要用刀处理一下， 把bulk part 切的与那个slicer的大小差不多，肉块太小
，放到火锅里面就不见了， 肉块太大的话，刷不动的， 那个slicer就只有那么宽。
4.然后，就开始 刷啊 刷啊 刷啊， 刷啊， 就刷完了
5. 快刷完的时候小心，不要把手给刷了。
我有血和泪的教训， 买来的第一周的时候刷胡萝卜，把一个手指刷了 还好有指甲，结
果一个星期没做饭，然后马上接下来的第二周，手好了之后 又拿出来用，刷那种墨西
哥小辣椒， 结果nnd 这回直接把大拇指刷了，还好不深，但是也见血了， 结果又是一
周没做饭。
体重在两周之内掉了4lbs， 真是塞翁失马焉知非福啊。
说这么多废话，安全第一... 阅读全帖 |
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