g*******n
发帖数: 319 | 1 found this on the internet, I feel it's kind of helpful for me so just want
to share with you guys:
Features of nephrotic syndrome - "NAPHROTIC"
Na+ - you may rarely get hyponatremia in nephrotic syndrome; this is also a
reminder that there is an intense pathophysiologic retention of sodium due
to reduced oncotic pressure
Albumin - serum levels are decreased
Proteinuria >3g/day
Hyperlipidemia
Renal vein thrombosis
Oedema
Thrombosis
Infections - more prone to them due to loss of Ig in the urine
... 阅读全帖 |
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t******g
发帖数: 462 | 2 你这么说我知道了你对国内市场可能不太了解。
另外玉有两种，是由国家标准。Nephrite就是和田玉，并不是只是和田出产的。这是软
玉。Jadeite是翡翠，也是硬玉。软玉硬玉是按照构成分的不是实测硬度分的。
测硬度和比重是判断是否Nephrite的最基本条件。你和玉石商人一搭话第一句就问这个。 |
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wh
发帖数: 141625 | 3 簪子、指环、纸扇、灯：
可惜查不到这根明代簪子的具体说明，无法准确描述这雕金镶玉、珍珠玛瑙绿松石红珊
瑚一应俱全的华丽。
指环是清代的和田玉，还带个银底座。馆员说不知道明代用不用这种指环；清代旗人用
这种指环主要是为了挽弓射箭——用来保护手指吗？
纸扇也是清代的，无字，反面是竹骨，下吊玉坠，也经常出现在明清小说中。
灯不知道怎么用？我第一眼以为是熏香。灯边还有一只17世纪的玉手镯。
部分标签说明：
Scholar’s Thumb Ring, Green nephrite with silver stand, Qing Dynasty.
Gentleman’s Fan, Bamboo, paper, black lacquer, jade attached, Qing Dynasty.
Bracelet, Jade (nephrite), 17th century. |
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wh
发帖数: 141625 | 4 簪子、指环、纸扇、灯：
可惜查不到这根明代簪子的具体说明，无法准确描述这雕金镶玉、珍珠玛瑙绿松石红珊
瑚一应俱全的华丽。
指环是清代的和田玉，还带个银底座。馆员说不知道明代用不用这种指环；清代旗人用
这种指环主要是为了挽弓射箭——用来保护手指吗？
纸扇也是清代的，无字，反面是竹骨，下吊玉坠，也经常出现在明清小说中。
灯不知道怎么用？我第一眼以为是熏香。灯边还有一只17世纪的玉手镯。
部分标签说明：
Scholar’s Thumb Ring, Green nephrite with silver stand, Qing Dynasty.
Gentleman’s Fan, Bamboo, paper, black lacquer, jade attached, Qing Dynasty.
Bracelet, Jade (nephrite), 17th century. |
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n******s
发帖数: 210 | 5 OK, when you pour some pure water from one cup to another, you may see some
bubble. But if it is milk, you may see some foam, right? Both of them, we
call bubble or foam, but they are different.
If you think what you saw is something like beer foam, that's abnormal.
There are many reasons for the proteinuria, like inflammation of kidney,
nephritic or nephrotic syndrome, some of them are symptom free. Proteinuria
is the first sign.
Most likely, you are fine, but I would like to suggest you see a |
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t******g
发帖数: 462 | 6 地处阿曼的玉石矿出产碧玉，每年供货500吨。
是真的广义和田碧玉，英文叫nephrite
分山流水料和山料两种。硬度6.5-7，比重2.99
两项指标都很好。可以代替加拿大或者俄国的原料
特点是没有黑点 |
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t******g
发帖数: 462 | 7 嗯。有证书证明是Nephrite，也就是学术意义上的和田玉（广义和田玉）。
实际中，这种材料更致密一些，更硬一点。比俄料干净。比加拿大碧玉润一些。缺点是
颜色有点发暗。当然颜色好的也有就是少。我觉得可以叫碧玉，有朋友说是青玉。总之
没有开发。
矿山可以低价推广。有渠道的朋友和我联系。
山料一致性好。底下贴个山流水料，质地稍差但另有风味。 |
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s*******1
发帖数: 2366 | 8
- Jade 就是玉石、翡翠吧？看上去很有质感，颜色非常丰润；
- Chalcedony 玉髓？ 做成耳环很好看，不过感觉跟jade质感很像，不知道是不是同一
种呢？
- quartz briolette 这个就是水晶吧。这个在网上找到了，不过还是想问这个和SWA的
水晶差别在
哪里？感觉SWA的颜色、款式选择较多，但这种貌似更加晶莹剔透；
- 还有几种可能有些偏门了，moonstone/ aventurine.大家如果知道就说两句。
8玩串珠的非达人路过... 胡乱回答一下，不一定全对啊...
> jade是玉的统称。翡翠是jadeite jade。相应的还有软玉nephrite jade。
> chalcedony是玉髓。跟jade是两回事。
> quartz是石英。Swa是铅玻璃。成分、形成/制造过程、物理性质、光学性质完全不同
，基本没什么可比性。人造水晶比天然水晶通透。quartz其实也有很多种颜色啊，只不
过是只有无色的才叫quartz，其他的叫别的名字了，比如citrine、amethyst之类，中
文还是叫*水晶...
> moonstone月光石，是斜方晶系长石类的... 阅读全帖 |
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p**1
发帖数: 212 | 9 1. 翡翠准确应该是Jadeite.但西方很多人用Jade. 我门说的大多数其他玉是软玉是
nephrite。
2。低档翡翠在中国也是炒不上价的，纯粹忽悠小百姓的。数量很大。
3。翡翠不像其他宝石可以人工合成。但处理的翡翠很多，中国市场认为是假货（B,C货
）。
4。ebay上真正没处理过的翡翠很少，而且大部分品质很低，没有什么收藏价值。性价
比也不好。个别有一些真正好的，常常被中国买价高价买走。信息如此发达的时代，全
世界都没漏可捡。
5。 翡翠在中国炒的很高，一是象大家说的RMB超发，什么都炒，更何况中国人有一个
玉文化的情节。还有一个隐蔽的原因，现在非常流行送翡翠，几十上百万的就是一个小
东西，非常适合某些用途，你懂的。携带跑路也方便，比其他一切都值钱多了。外行根
本不知道这值多少。北京有很多高级翡翠会所，都不是街上的店面，在很高级的大厦里。
6。 好翡翠离大众和爱好者越来越远。 |
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P****e
发帖数: 389 | 10 Guang dang...
"翡翠" is jadeite, while Hetian jade belongs to the nephrite family. Neither
has anything to do with emerald. I've never heard of synthesized jade
before. You can process it, yes, but processed jadeite can be easily
recognized by any trained eyes.
And by the way, from what I know every kind of jade has more than one
combination of chemical ingredients. It's the complex ratio between them and
other factors that renders each piece of jade different looks, which is
exactly why people do... 阅读全帖 |
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c****t
发帖数: 19049 | 11 THE PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ADAM EWING
Thursday, 7th November—
Beyond the Indian hamlet, upon a forlorn strand, I happened on a trail of
recent footprints.
Through rotting kelp, sea cocoa-nuts & bamboo, the tracks led me to their
maker, a White man,
his trow-zers & Pea-jacket rolled up, sporting a kempt beard & an outsized
Beaver, shoveling
& sifting the cindery sand with a teaspoon so intently that he noticed me
only after I had hailed
him from ten yards away. Thus it was, I made the acquaintance of... 阅读全帖 |
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w**********9
发帖数: 242 | 12 when the body is lying down, more blood returns to the heart and upper body
comparing with the upright situation. This increases the hydrostatic
pressure of the blood vessel, which leads to transdates in soft tissue such
as 眼皮--->眼皮肿. usually benign, but could be in disease states such as
nephritic syndrome. |
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n***h
发帖数: 364 | 13 My answer is D.
该患者诊断： Nephrotic syndrome 。 依据：1） proteinuria 2）no hematuria.
另外容易形成静脉血栓（DVT）. PT has more cold is related to low albumin.
So B can be excluded first.
C(RPGN) and D(GOOD pasture) belong to Nephritic syndrome, should have
hematuria, so could be excluded ,too.
Answer A is Minimal Change Disease, a disease of nephrotic syndrome ,
but
usually affects children (peak incidence at 2–3 years of age).
So my answer is D(Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). |
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c*******s
发帖数: 399 | 14 mesangial proliferation cause nephritic syndrome, the patient presents with
nephrotic sydrome |
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c*******s
发帖数: 399 | 15 mesangial proliferative (canuse more nephritic syndrom)
. |
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b****5
发帖数: 504 | 16 Thanks! I like your mnemonics! |
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e****0
发帖数: 678 | 18 我又查了一下啊。
classical complement pathway activates C4 as well as C3. This can lead to
low C3 and
C4 levels which lead to decreased CH 50. This would typically be seen with
complement
activation driven by immune complexes (lupus, hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia)
alternative complement pathway activation is typically driven by bacterial
or microbial
antigens: C3 is directly activity producing low C3 and decreased CH 50 C4 is
normal.
C3 may also be directly activated by C3 nephritic factor which is an
a... 阅读全帖 |
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t******a
发帖数: 408 | 19 1. where do these questions come from? can you please tell us the source? I
am really curious.
2. I will choose D.
pt is a young healthy F, has HTN.
Suspect secondary HTN.
Because (1)"healthy" pt = Board's code word for ASX(asymptomatic) and (2)
urinalysis are within normal limits ---> unlikely to be
glomerulonephritis (nephritic synd.)
Then suspect: RAS --- renal artery stenosis
In Young female: ---> consider fibromuscular dysplasia
Old male: ---> consider atherosclerosis
[This is a very... 阅读全帖 |
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