i**********d
发帖数: 853 | 1 2011 FA 471页上，有阴影的表格中，在“prerenal,renal和postrenal”的情况下，
Urine Osmolality分别是“>500, <350和<350”,而Urine Na分别是“<10, >20和>40”.
我的问题是：
我的理解：Urine Osmolality是由尿中Sodium的浓度决定的，所以Urine Osmolality和
Urine Na应当是成正比的关系。
但是FA 471页上却显示的是两者成负比的关系，请哪位高手给解释一下？
十分感谢！ |
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d******e
发帖数: 2541 | 2 e-Fuel Endurance Blend vs. Cytomax
http://www.cranksports.com/products/eFuel/comp/cytomax.asp?aid=
Move over Cytomax, there's a new Fuel in town ... e-Fuel has nearly twice
the complex carbohydrates, much less sugar, 50% more electrolytes and more
vitamins and antioxidants.
In addition, Cytomax includes artificial flavors as well as the sugar
substitute Stevia. e-Fuel is Gluten Free and contains NO artificial colors,
flavors or sweeteners ... Just Clean Energy!
The increased level of complex ca... 阅读全帖 |
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d******e
发帖数: 2541 | 3 e-Fuel Endurance Blend vs. Cytomax
http://www.cranksports.com/products/eFuel/comp/cytomax.asp?aid=
Move over Cytomax, there's a new Fuel in town ... e-Fuel has nearly twice
the complex carbohydrates, much less sugar, 50% more electrolytes and more
vitamins and antioxidants.
In addition, Cytomax includes artificial flavors as well as the sugar
substitute Stevia. e-Fuel is Gluten Free and contains NO artificial colors,
flavors or sweeteners ... Just Clean Energy!
The increased level of complex ca... 阅读全帖 |
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i***l
发帖数: 1656 | 4 1.一般生物的课题都有上下文，你相关的文献怎么写的？
2.看和什么比较，和水比，PBS 肯定更Physiological；和In Vivo比，肯定比不过；
Ph值和Osmolality是差不多的，但是具体到离子浓度，其他东西比如Chaperon有没有
ATP有多少之类的，会差很多。 |
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n****0
发帖数: 696 | 5 If I have a solution of multiple components (CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, Hepes-Tris,
EGTA and sorbitol) and I know their concentrations (mmol/L), how to
calculate its somolality (mmol/kg)?
Thank you so much. |
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L*****r
发帖数: 722 | 6
Q
Commonly used iodinated contrast agents
Compound Name Type osmolality Level
Non-Ionic Iopamidol (Isovue 370) 796 Low Osmolar
Non-Ionic Iohexol (Omnipaque 350) 884 Low Osmolar
Non-Ionic Ioxilan (Oxilan) Non-ionic Low Osmolar
Non-Ionic Iopromide Non-ionic Low Osmolar
Non-Ionic Iodixanol (Visipaque 320) 290 Low Osmolar
我们一般用Iohexol (Omnipaque 350)，肾功能不好的，用Iodixanol (Visipaque 320)
。Visipaque 实际上是唯一一个等渗的，很多研究说会减少肾脏损伤，有 |
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r*********s
发帖数: 1027 | 7 不是,血浆渗透压和钠相关，urine取决于尿素、肌酐和其它代谢产物。
In general, urine consists of urea and other organic and inorganic chemicals
dissolved in water. Considerable variations in the concentrations of these
substances can occur as a result of the influence of factors such as dietary
intake, physical activity, body metabolism, endocrine function, and even
body position. Urea, a metabolic waste product produced in the liver from
the breakdown of protein and amino acids, accounts for almost half of the
total dissolved... 阅读全帖 |
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i**********d
发帖数: 853 | 8 Thanks!
chemicals
these
dietary
primarily |
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V*****G
发帖数: 337 | 9 Nice to see the lab.
Majority consistent to GI loss (malnutrition/malabsorption)
Edema is due to hypoalbumin and low protein. Originally lower extremity edema was thought to be due to systemic involvement. But when I saw "4+ pitting edema up to low back" on PE on day 2, I knew it could be due to low protein level. I appreciate the good PE you did. :)
Hypokalemia is most likely due to GI loss too.
Other lab abnormalities suggested:
Group 1: Low VitD, low phosphate, low calcium = Vit D deficienc... 阅读全帖 |
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