w***g
发帖数: 5958 | 1 坛子里很多人喜欢提意识，甚至意识的量子机制，
其实本质上来说是用一些说不清的东西蹚浑水。
我觉得很多人其实没有认真思考过这些问题。
这些东西我思考过很多，而且还在不断思考，
下面说说我的看法。
佛教里有八识之说。其中前五识眼耳鼻舌身，其实
就是目前普通计算机能处理的视觉，听觉等输入。
第六识意识，就是神经网络的自反馈。从实现上来说，
就是把部分神经元的状态作为神经网络的输入，也就是
recurrent neural network。
佛教的第七识末那识，也就是“我执”的起源，
我觉得还可以再分解。其中的“执”，其实就是
AI的优化目标。对于人类而言，这个目标是写死在
基因里的。对于AI而言，则是程序员指定的一个目标。
以上这些，目前AI理论中都已有对应部分。
至于“我执”中的“我”，这个才是坛子里的诸位
在谈“意识”时真正所指的东西。如果把前六识以及
执对应的部分层层剥除，最后所剩的我，其实只是一个
observing self。这个“我”是绝对passive的，除了
observe，其实啥也干不了，不会对人的行为有任何可
以观察到的影响。大家其实可以再想想，是不是所有
人类，甚至动物... 阅读全帖 |
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n******g
发帖数: 2201 | 3 要上production实现naive Bayes, Recurrent neural network, and logistic
regression
我的python code 没人愿意翻成java, 我准备自己写。
看了ML lib 是基于spark的。不能用。 |
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d*********e
发帖数: 3835 | 6 Airline Director of Safety (DOS), Boise, Idaho
Xtra Airways http://www.xtraairways.com , a 14 CFR part 121 air carrier, is accepting applications for a Director of Safety.
The DOS has overall responsibility to develop, implement and maintain a
comprehensive safety program.
1. The duties and responsibilities of the DOS include:
· Integration of SMS.
· Monitor and report to senior management on all air carrier
activities that may have an impact on safety.
· Establis... 阅读全帖 |
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G***G
发帖数: 16778 | 7 how to do clinical analysis based on clinical data?
maybe this is a big question.
let's give an example. suppose we have the 200 gastric patients' data like
the following. What kind of analysis should be done? what parameters should
be focused
and what parameters should be ignored?
Classification by age
hospital days
Postoperation hospital day
Family history
Biopsy before surgery
Operation duration(min)
Surgeon
Anesthesia
Volume of blood transfusion
Ascites
Peritoneal metastasis
Hepatic metastas... 阅读全帖 |
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S*****s
发帖数: 242 | 8 It is always long way to go, even antibiotics have resistance issue.
Nevertheless, nothing works 100%....
Rituxan works pretty well and does not have a lot of resistance, that is
encouraging. In addition, : MDX-1106/MDX-1105 are very durable too: very few
patients have recurrence even after 2-3 years.
Agree with you about PLX4032, which may prove be a trash eventually, only
works for a couple of months.....
pretty
patients |
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y****6
发帖数: 196 | 9 The in vivo application of fluorescence imaging is limited by its
penetration capability. Consequently, non-invasive diagonostics of human
tumor or other diseases is not that attactive. However, image-guided-surgery
is surface imaging. The advantage is that it can help the surgeon to
determine the tumor margin and/or identify small tumor tissues that are not
so obvious under naked eyes. This application does not limit to breast
cancer. The key here is to use cancer-specific targeting agents. It ... 阅读全帖 |
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S*****s
发帖数: 242 | 10 病人在中国吗？ 如果是，好吃好喝的伺候着，等死吧。
如果在美国，想办法进这个phase I trial。 可靠消息是有30-40%的效果。你可以去今
年的ASCO （American Society of Clinical Oncology）annual meeting，可能会有最
新的结果公布。这些结果短期内不会发表（听说是BMS要等到Phase III结果）。这个
trial只接受晚期垂死病人。
1 Recruiting： A Phase 1b Study of MDX-1106 in Subjects With Advanced or
Recurrent Malignancies Conditions: Metastatic Castration-resistant
Prostrate Cancer (mCRPC); Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC); Metastatic
Melanoma (MEL); Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Intervention: Biological: BMS-9365... 阅读全帖 |
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o********r
发帖数: 775 | 11 NGS用来提供leads（哪些基因需要进入下一步），下一步是对candidate genes在其他
独立samples中sanger测序确认（测recurrence）。你可以只测一个点，也可以全基因
测序（取决于你准备花多少钱）。据说现在第二步也有illumina的alternative，费用
是sanger的一半左右。 |
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n********t
发帖数: 1079 | 12 下游？关键就是编故事，比如作paired analysis（tumor vs germline），最好就是找
到一些recurrent的mutation，fit某些hypothesis，独立验证后PI就可以开吹了，到这
一步bioinformatics的主要工作结束。
资源 |
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S*****3
发帖数: 720 | 14 “中国百篇最具影响优秀国际学术论文” 评选所选论文代表了我国科技论文发展的最
高水平。论文源为前一年被SCI（科学引文索引）收录的中国论文。评选综合考虑发表
论文的期刊水平（影响因子和单篇引用次数）、论文类型、热点论文、论文的合作强度
、参考文献数和论文的完整性等方面。
其中生物类包括：
论文题目: Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly
curable
论文作者: Wang, Zhen-Yi; Chen, Zhu
所属机构: 上海交通大学医学院瑞金医院
来源期刊: BLOOD, 2008, 111(5):2505-2515
被引次数: 29
作者简介：
陈竺
卫生部部长，中国科学院院士，博士生导师
白血病系统生物学研究组组长
论文题目: Sorting of small RNAs into Arabidopsis argonaute complexes
is directed by the 5 ' terminal nucleotide
论... 阅读全帖 |
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z*t
发帖数: 863 | 15 Beutler得奖，Medzhitov会不会有意见？
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761309002
Ruslan Medzhitov
This year marks the 20th anniversary of a publication (Janeway, 1989) that
in many ways revolutionized our understanding of the immune system. As part
of the proceedings of the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Immune Recognition
, the paper authored by the late Charles A. Janeway, Jr. was not a standard
peer-reviewed publication. In fact, Charlie used to refer to it as “the
best paper I've ... 阅读全帖 |
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o********r
发帖数: 775 | 16 For diseases not related to blood, blood cells are a good candidate for
germline sample.
How to use the WGS data is a big issue in this NGS era. One common strategy
used in paired tumor/germline analyses is to compare the mutation spectrum
across multiple patients (from the same cohort or at least same disease type
/subtype) to identify recurrent mutations, which provides leads to wet lab.
If you think bioinformatics alone can give you the definite answer for
driver mutations, probably you will... 阅读全帖 |
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o********r
发帖数: 775 | 17 For diseases not related to blood, blood cells are a good candidate for
germline sample.
How to use the WGS data is a big issue in this NGS era. One common strategy
used in paired tumor/germline analyses is to compare the mutation spectrum
across multiple patients (from the same cohort or at least same disease type
/subtype) to identify recurrent mutations, which provides leads to wet lab.
If you think bioinformatics alone can give you the definite answer for
driver mutations, probably you will... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 18 i guess that corresponding author PI his/her lab need more Grants for own thought:
Network-based genome-wide association studies (NWAS)
for identifying prognostic gene signatures to predict cancer recurrence.
likes below NSF Grant:
//mbi.osu.edu/publications/annual/ar0607.pdf
details please go to
http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t1/Biology/31633345_0_5.html
88F |
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l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 19 那是 Poincaré 龐加萊猜想的解铃人 俄罗斯数学家 Perelman 佩雷尔曼
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Perelman
please go to
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincaré
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_conjecture
and
名稱三體問題
英語名稱：three-body problem
N體問題及三體問題的概念N體問題：
N體問題可以用一句話寫出來：在三維空間中給定N個質點，如果在它們之間只有萬
有引力的作用，那麽在給定它們的初始位置和速度的條件下，它們會怎樣在空間中運動。
三體問題：
最簡單的例子就是太陽系中太陽，地球和月球的運動。在浩瀚的宇宙中，星球的大
小可以忽略不記，所以我們可以把它們看成質點。如果不計太陽系其他星球的影響，那
麽它們的運動就只是在引力的作用下産生的，所以我們就可以把它們的運動看成一個三
體問題。
天體力學中的基本力學模型。研究三個可視爲質點的天體在相互之間萬有引力作用
下的運動規律問題。這三個天體的質量、初始位置和... 阅读全帖 |
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j***z
发帖数: 105 | 20 A lot of what you said are already in progress. Here is a link to a recent
review about the similarities between treating cancer and infectious disease
(Kudos to LZ to have the same idea as Lasker Winner):
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867412002
Just my two cents about the challenges of target therapy:
1. Not all mutations can be targeted - eg. loss of function which represent
the majority of recurrent mutations in cancer.
2. In contrast to what LZ proposed, most drug-res... 阅读全帖 |
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y*****s
发帖数: 1047 | 21 should be like you got cold last year and you got it again this year
IMHO, if one got cancer once, he/she is more prone to have mutataions and
therefore has better chance to get cancer again. |
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N******n
发帖数: 3003 | 22 cancer patient are cured when no cancer cell or tissue are detected. However
, more than half of them will relapse and died of cancer during their rest
of life. |
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r******g
发帖数: 600 | 23 NEMJ是个很好的杂志好吧~ 很多基础研究的最开始的启示都来自于NEMJ的研究~ 一群临
床医生screen，sequence病人sample找相关性，才能发现各种recurrent的致病基因，
然后基础研究才能有东西做~
Nature做的东西是那种基础+实际结合型的，所以，可读性更强一些！ science，我艹
尼玛，能不能把文章都弄长一点~ |
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z*t
发帖数: 863 | 24 说来听听，这消息太震撼了，但是从目前的prognosis data来看，不同cohort的结果并
不一致，不少cohort认为mutation status对pronosis没有影响。但目前很多
independent cohort都suggest 2-HG和recurrence有很强的关联 |
|
z*t
发帖数: 863 | 25 说来听听，这消息太震撼了，但是从目前的prognosis data来看，不同cohort的结果并
不一致，不少cohort认为mutation status对pronosis没有影响。但目前很多
independent cohort都suggest 2-HG和recurrence有很强的关联 |
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p**t
发帖数: 160 | 26 and this
IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
Vol. 1: 23-61 (Volume publication date February 2006)
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230
Luca G. Guidotti1,2 and Francis V. Chisari1
1Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; email: g******[email protected], fchisari
@scripps.edu
2Immunopathogenesis of Liver Infections Unit, San Raffaele Scientific
Institute, Milan 201... 阅读全帖 |
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p**t
发帖数: 160 | 27 and this
IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
Vol. 1: 23-61 (Volume publication date February 2006)
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230
Luca G. Guidotti1,2 and Francis V. Chisari1
1Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; email: g******[email protected], fchisari
@scripps.edu
2Immunopathogenesis of Liver Infections Unit, San Raffaele Scientific
Institute, Milan 201... 阅读全帖 |
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a**********2
发帖数: 3726 | 28 If you really mean ” neonatal”, ASD could cause death, but unusual from my
understanding, usually the newborn also has some other non-cardiac
abnormalities which causes the death (not ASD by itself, but other
abnormalities). If ” infant”, it could cause death (unusual under current
medicine), but depends on the defect location, size, extracardiac defects,
the infant can present heart failure, recurrent respiratory infection. |
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j****1
发帖数: 81 | 29 I'm a second year Phd student and I'm doing my prelim now. I don't know if
it's okay to post my proposal abstracts online for people to comment on.
This is one of the proposals I have to write for my prelim. I hope people on
this board could give me some feedback, especially ones that have relevant
knowledge. Thanks very much.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Cancer stem cells are considered to be the source of tumor recurrence.... 阅读全帖 |
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j****1
发帖数: 81 | 30 Thank you very much for the comments. I revised abstract. It's attached
below.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
Colon cancer is the second highest cause of cancer deaths in the United
States (Markowitz & Bertagnolli, 2009). It is well known that APC (
adenomatous polyposis coli) loss predisposes patients to colon cancer, which
has been primarily attributed to the over activation of Wnt signaling.
Although controversial, can... 阅读全帖 |
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a**********2
发帖数: 3726 | 31 Lol, tell me which marker is used for SCREENING? At the most, handful
molecular markers are used for monitoring reaction to therapy or recurrence,
like CEA, AFP, CA125,199. None of those molecules is used for screening to
detect/discover cancers in early stage. So the topic that I responded to was
about why patients with cancers have longer lifespan than before. What I
pointed out was it mainly was attributed to early discovery owing to new
technologies, which leads to early surgery. Molecular a... 阅读全帖 |
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t****p
发帖数: 1504 | 32 如果这些早期发现的研究都不是NIH资助的，或者绝大多数是由其它学科的基金支助（
无论化学的还是物理的）的，我支持你这么黑生物医学。
recurrence,
to
was
does |
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s******s
发帖数: 55 | 33 http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/15/us-cancer-chemo-idUSB
(Reuters) - After decades of using one-size-fits-all therapies to combat
cancer, doctors are using new tools to help decide when their patients can
skip chemotherapy or other harsh treatments.
An approach to oncology that has been in place for decades is beginning to
yield to an arsenal of long-term clinical studies, genetic tests and novel
drugs that target cancer cells and their infrastructure.
"What is happening is a combination ... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 34 RE: xibaof (小宝)
>这个想法是否跟去“西天取
not exactly,
pls refer
Uri Alon 最有希望成 21st cent Feynman:
his group three selected papers:
No. 1,
Oren Shoval, Uri Alon, and Eduardo Sontag. (2011).
Symmetry Invariance for Adapting Biological Systems
SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 10: 857–886.
For a general class of dynamical systems, this paper presents a necessary
and sufficient characterization of invariance of transient responses to
symmetries in inputs. A particular example of this property, scale-
invariance or... 阅读全帖 |
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m******g
发帖数: 467 | 35 最近面临着4个deadline，果然我是那种喜欢冲击deadline的拖延症患者。
希望能够顺利完成呢（应该说非完成不可）！加油！
Science 14.01.10
推荐：
1. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression
in Mammalian Cells
Single cell expression of mouse of mixed background
Abundant monoallelic expression
2. Genetic Screens in Human Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System
Pooled, LOF genetic screening approach
Genome-scale lentival sgRNA library
Generate knockout collections
3. Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screening in Human Cells
稍微了解... 阅读全帖 |
|
m******g
发帖数: 467 | 36 最近面临着4个deadline，果然我是那种喜欢冲击deadline的拖延症患者。
希望能够顺利完成呢（应该说非完成不可）！加油！
Science 14.01.10
推荐：
1. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression
in Mammalian Cells
Single cell expression of mouse of mixed background
Abundant monoallelic expression
2. Genetic Screens in Human Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System
Pooled, LOF genetic screening approach
Genome-scale lentival sgRNA library
Generate knockout collections
3. Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screening in Human Cells
稍微了解... 阅读全帖 |
|
o*******a
发帖数: 242 | 37 There is a guideline for C-difficile (临床标准）.
http://gi.org/guideline/diagnosis-and-management-of-c-difficile
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. If there is a third recurrence after a pulsed vancomycin regimen, fecal
microbiota transplant (FMT) should be considered. (Conditional
recommendation, moderate-quality evidence)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
大便打包外送是最后没办法才做的。效果也就一般般。 |
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d**********a
发帖数: 197 | 38 我看了看他的文章发表。那篇nat neuro，他明明不是排第一啊。我根本无法想象，任
何有人格的教授会无理由的换掉第一作者。这网上说的，有多少是真的？
Couey, J. J., Witoelar, A., Zhang, S. J., Zheng, K., Ye, J., Dunn, B., ... &
Witter, M. P. (2013). Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for
grid formation. Nature neuroscience, 16(3), 318-324.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
当文章快被Nature Neuroscience接受的时候，张生家突然要求共一，并且要排在最前
面，否则拒绝提供相应的数据，让所有的人都措手不及。张生家善于在紧要关头撕毁协
议，漫天要价，这次的事件也是一样。在他眼里，任何协
议都是擦屁股纸，只有authorship最重要 |
|
d**********a
发帖数: 197 | 39 我看了看他的文章发表。那篇nat neuro，他明明不是排第一啊。我根本无法想象，任
何有人格的教授会无理由的换掉第一作者。这网上说的，有多少是真的？
Couey, J. J., Witoelar, A., Zhang, S. J., Zheng, K., Ye, J., Dunn, B., ... &
Witter, M. P. (2013). Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for
grid formation. Nature neuroscience, 16(3), 318-324.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
当文章快被Nature Neuroscience接受的时候，张生家突然要求共一，并且要排在最前
面，否则拒绝提供相应的数据，让所有的人都措手不及。张生家善于在紧要关头撕毁协
议，漫天要价，这次的事件也是一样。在他眼里，任何协
议都是擦屁股纸，只有authorship最重要 |
|
b****r
发帖数: 17995 | 40 我知道一般NGS的结果都会先往reference genome 去做alignment
我关心的是recurrent translocation，断裂重接到位置相对固定，我的目的是想找到
手里的十万个细胞里有多少发生了这种translocation
用NGS的话，怎么来做比较好？直接align的话，那些跨过断裂点的可能根本align不上
被扔了。de novo assembly显然计算工作量大，而且如果translocation的细胞的丰度
低，可能直接就测不到。
不知道这么做难不难：就是把常见断裂并且重接的那一段突变后序列也加到reference
genome里面，然后随便给他个命名比如chromosome 24，然后去align，有重接的序列会
和这一段非常吻合，就不会被扔掉了。
或者还有什么别的比较简单的办法吗 |
|
v*******e
发帖数: 11604 | 41
没看文章，瞎猜猜的：可能突变的定义是和那reference不同；而那reference，好像是
按照欧洲人做的。这个突变率，说明黑人离欧洲人距离最远，东亚人距离欧洲人第二远
。而南亚、拉丁人，和欧洲人距离近。这很符合事实，因为南亚人、拉丁人，本来就和
欧洲白人距离近。东亚人显然距离欧洲远；而黑人距离所有人都很远。
瞎扯的，因为看了20秒没找到mutation recurrence的定义。 |
|
b**e
发帖数: 3199 | 42 看来我们要向搞人工神经网络的学习了。难道我们的大脑真的像这些模型里说的有个
Forget gate？
wiki：
长短期记忆人工神经网络（Long-Short Term Memory, LSTM）是一种时间递归神经网络
(RNN)。LSTM是一種含有LSTM區塊(blocks)或其他的一種類神經網路，文獻或其他資料
中LSTM區塊可能被描述成智慧型網路單元，因為它可以記憶不定時間長度的數值，區塊
中有一個gate能夠決定input是否重要到能被記住及能不能被輸出output。
右圖底下是四個S函數單元，最左邊函數依情況可能成為區塊的input，右邊三個會經過
gate決定input是否能傳入區塊，左邊第二個為input gate，如果這裡產出近似於零，
將把這裡的值擋住，不會進到下一層。左邊第三個是forget gate，當這產生值近似於
零，將把區塊裡記住的值忘掉。第四個也就是最右邊的input為output gate，他可以決
定在區塊記憶中的input是否能輸出 。
LSTM有很多个版本，其中一个重要的版本是GRU（Gated Recurrent Unit），根据谷歌
的测试表明... 阅读全帖 |
|
j***h
发帖数: 4412 | 43 Tales of Two Earthquakes Offer Lessons for the Future
Emergency Management By: Eric Holdeman on February 28, 2011
Photo courtesy of Liz Roll/ FEMA
Seattle's historic Pioneer Square was one of the hardest hit areas during
the Feb. 28, 2001, Nisqually earthquake. Photo courtesy of Liz Roll/ FEMA
http://heraldnet.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=DH&Date=20110228
Ideally we learn from experiences and build on successes while trying not to
repeat our mistakes. Many times in our after-action reviews and... 阅读全帖 |
|
L******k
发帖数: 33825 | 44 来自NYT：
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/08/nyregion/new-york-city-lays-o
Some of them spent the past few days scouring the wanted ads on the New York
City Department of Education’s Web site. Others made sure they learned how
to file for unemployment.
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Snapshots of Layoffs’ Effect, From the Newly Unemployed (October 8, 2011)
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c******e
发帖数: 737 | 45 I'm designing a measurement, which need record many consecutive signals for
later processing.
My pulser-receiver works at 2KHz recurrence frequency (500 micro second
interval). I want to record the first 100 micro seconds of received signal
for 200 consecutive echoes. Each of them stored separately.
Anybody know what kind of instrument can do it? I hvae a LeCroy WaveSurfer
42Xs digital oscilloscope. Never know it has capability to do such job.
Thanks |
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z*****5
发帖数: 9 | 46 来自主题: Engineering版 - 求文献2篇 【作者】Graf, P. M.
【文题】The EMED System of foot pressure analysis
【期刊名，年份，卷（期），起止页码】Clin Podiatr Med Surg,v10,Issue 3,page
445-54
【全文链接或数据库名称（pubmed 点击"linkout"）】http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8364847
【作者】Cavanagh, P. R.|Owings, T. M.
【文题】Nonsurgical strategies for healing and preventing recurrence of
diabetic foot ulcers
【期刊名，年份，卷（期），起止页码】Foot Ankle Clin,2006,volume 11,Issue 4,
page 735-43
【全文链接或数据库名称（pubmed 点击"linkout"）】http://www.ncbi. |
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m*****o
发帖数: 15 | 47 奇烂无比的一个猎头公司。只要你投简历给他们，就开始不停骚扰你，实质上的onsite
甚至phone interview一个都没有
careerbuilder, monster上，尤其是前者基本被it占据了90%的opening，但好多都是
recurrence。我周围同事没一个通过他们找到工作的。 |
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a*******a
发帖数: 33 | 48 let g(n)=f(n)+2n,
then g(n) <= 4*g(n/2),
hence g(2^n)<=2^(2n)g(1)
or
research |
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g******n
发帖数: 339 | 49 good point for the recurrence relation. but I need the average of f over all
the permuation of p, that is the hard part. Thanks for your reply though. |
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t******r
发帖数: 209 | 50 E(i=1,n-1)(T(n) - T(i) = O(n^2)?
T(1) = 0 and T(2) = 1.
thank you so much |
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