m********0
发帖数: 2717 | 1 小青蛙一只，轻拍。
最近比较focus on money management，尤其是position sizing。
这里绝大部分都是跟我一样的beginner，基本上很看重入点，什么时候买最好。我转到
期货和外汇以后在这上面下了挺大的功夫，并没有达到原先预想的效果（包括SVM，
Linear，Non-Linear，Wavelets，HONN, Kalman Filter，这些可能以后会有一定的突
破，但现有的概念和理论，实践起来的效果并不会提高多少，甚至没有提高，所以投入
产出比不佳），加上我一年多几千次浅显的交易经验给我的感觉是，入点远没有想象的
重要。50%的正确率够不够？我感觉远大于盈利的需求。
下面的blog有介绍expectancy的重要性，前两天我也引用了他的Risk Adjusted Profit
的概念，把纯profit 算作profit realized - stop loss level（the risk you took,
in fact,
should be more than stop level as it's dangerous to use stp ... 阅读全帖 |
|
j*******n
发帖数: 10868 | 2 http://legacygt.com/forums/showthread.php/explanation-continuou
There is a lot of confusion about the differences between the various Subaru
AWD systems:
Continuous (for 5MT)
Active (for 4EAT)
VTD (for 5EAT)
availability or non-availability of Rear LSD
So heres an attempt to explain the differences....
1. Continuous AWD System:
The manual transmission’s all-wheel drive is referred to as a continuous
all-wheel drive system. It uses a center differential located inside the
transmission case that i... 阅读全帖 |
|
H*T
发帖数: 43 | 3 希望有经验的指点一二。
Q1： 交易成本包括commission和slippage.有经 验的人都知道，slippage是
所有非HFT都 需要考虑的问题。这里问一个slippage估 计问题.
假设对一个大的Order,交易开始时：
Sigma = 30-minutes Volatility
P = Market Price
ATR = Average True Range ~= P * Sigma
那么realized slippage一般是ATR的多少百 分比? 一般来说Sigma（或ATR）
高的时 候，Slippage也会大些，反之就小。但是 Slippage/ATR也许或多或少
是个常数。
举个例子，SPY:
ATR = 50 cents
Slippage = 1 cent (from benchmark)
那么
Slippage/ATR = 1/50 = 2%
----------------------------------------------
Q2： 这个问题是站在Q1的对立面考虑的。假设 有一个信号，... 阅读全帖 |
|
t*****0
发帖数: 264 | 4 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fjcruiser (FJ) 于 (Fri Jan 21 01:47:10 2011, 美东) 提到:
四驱是一个很复杂的概念，广大不明真相的群众很容易看一些无良厂商制作的
youtube录像受骗上当。一个四驱车到底怎么样，*至少*要从以下八个方面看：
公路驾驶指标(AWD)
AWD类型: 适时(on-demand) / 全时 (full-time)
中差: 无/ 开放 / 限滑
后差: 开放 / 限滑 / 其它(SH-AWD)
前差: 开放 / 限滑
越野驾驶指标(4WD, 4x4)
低速档: 无/有
中差锁(分动箱锁): 无/有
后差锁: 无/有
前差锁: 无/有
下面，我们以一些本版常讨论的车型为例，分析一下这些四驱车到底都是什么货。
（待续）
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
fjcruiser (FJ) 于 (Fri Jan 21 01:57:46 2011, 美东) 提到:
四驱系统案例：Gra... 阅读全帖 |
|
B*Z
发帖数: 7062 | 5 主要说的是中央差速器。这个是网上一个文章。附件是现在的subaru中央差速器分类。
There is a lot of confusion about the differences between the various Subaru
AWD systems:
? Continuous (for 5MT)
? Active (for 4EAT)
? VTD (for 5EAT)
? availability or non-availability of Rear LSD
So heres an attempt to explain the differences....
1. Continuous AWD System:
The manual transmission’s all-wheel drive is referred to as a continuous al
l-wheel drive system. It uses a center differential located inside the trans
mission... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**t
发帖数: 9197 | 6 #define DECISION_BUY 1
#define DECISION_SELL 0
#define DECISION_UNKNOWN -1
//---- Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðå
ìåííûå
extern bool ExitMarket = false;
extern bool ShowSuitablePeriod = false;
extern bool ShowMarketInfo = false;
extern bool ShowAccountStatus = false;
extern bool ShowStat = false;
extern bool ShowDecision = false;
extern bool ShowDirection = false;
extern bool BlockSell = false;
extern bool BlockBuy = false;
extern bool ShowLots = ... 阅读全帖 |
|
g*******x
发帖数: 2158 | 7 无语了.
看看2008版本的forester
http://www.distrocars.com/2008-subaru-forester
The Forester line features three versions of Symmetrical All-Wheel
Drive, all of which power all four wheels all the time and can transfer
more power to the wheels with the best grip. In all models equipped with
the 5-speed manual transmission, a viscous coupling locking center
differential built into the transmission case divides engine power
50:50. Wheel slippage at one set of wheels causes more power to shift to
the opposit... 阅读全帖 |
|
b*********n
发帖数: 2975 | 8 since toyota bought subaru, forester slided into more rav-4 like, hehe
无语了.
看看2008版本的forester
http://www.distrocars.com/2008-subaru-forester
The Forester line features three versions of Symmetrical All-Wheel
Drive, all of which power all four wheels all the time and can transfer
more power to the wheels with the best grip. In all models equipped with
the 5-speed manual transmission, a viscous coupling locking center
differential built into the transmission case divides engine power
50:50. Wheel... 阅读全帖 |
|
g********n
发帖数: 1613 | 9 ETF有不同的类型。主要分1X，nX. 另外还分ETF包括实物或股票，期货。所以ETF可大
致分为四种。
ETF的损耗有3种：管理费，beta-slippage，和contango/backwardation。 管理费是纯
损耗，但比较少。beta-slippage和contango/backwardation可能是正或负损耗，依市
场状况而定。这些损耗都是每天计算的。
具体到每种ETF的损耗如下：
1X，实物或股票； 管理费
nX，实物或股票； 管理费，beta-slippage（正或负）
1X，期货； 管理费, contango (正)/backwardation(负)
nX，期货； 管理费，beta-slippage（正或负）， contango (正)/
backwardation(负) |
|
j*********n
发帖数: 6034 | 10 研究了一下，有一部分没看懂。
The vehicle features an automatic four wheel drive system (named VTM-4) that
engages during off the line acceleration as well as when wheel slippage is
detected. Additionally, the system offers a lock mode which can be activated
and operated at low speeds and provides permanent 4wd and the equivalent of
a locked rear differential; designed for climbing steep hills and getting
out of stuck situations. To reduce drivetrain noise and increase fuel
efficiency, the system runs as front... 阅读全帖 |
|
M*****8
发帖数: 17722 | 11 【 以下文字转载自 Stock 讨论区 】
发信人: MB80528 (肥猫(Contrarian)[食MM而肥]), 信区: Stock
标 题: Re: 想到一个简单的操作手法，大家提提意见
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Sep 4 23:32:15 2012, 美东)
.........................
多数人的损失很重要的一部分是 Slippage 。
所以你这赢亏必需把Slippage调整进去，然后再比较。
顺便说一句，这题目够做一个硕士论文，够深入甚至博士论文。
http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t/Stock/34426975.html |
|
g**1
发帖数: 10330 | 12 http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/antony-wants-indigenous-a
Antony wants indigenous aircraft carrier delivered soon
VINAY KUMAR
Cut up over long delay in the construction schedule of India’s first
indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC), being built in his home State of Kerala
at the Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Defence Minister A. K. Antony on
Tuesday asked all the stakeholders to work together and make efforts for an
early delivery of the warship.
Upset over frequent delays on one account or t... 阅读全帖 |
|
f**********n
发帖数: 3081 | 13 这个估计transmission 不行了。
Slippage
# "Slippage" is when the engine speeds up, but the vehicle doesn't respond
accordingly. It is a sign of a failing transmission.
Missed Shifts
# A delayed or missing response when shifting gears is a sure sign that your
transmission has failed or is failing. |
|
a**5
发帖数: 483 | 14 What is your model of your Buick?
The following are the symptoms of the transmission issues.Usually honda
owners can tell you more about transmission problems:
1.
Rough Shifting
*
Abrupt or hard shifting between gears is the most common sign of
transmission problems.
Fluid
*
Dark or dirty transmission fluid is another key to potential
transmission problems, but it doesn't necessarily signal imminent doom.
Leaks
*
... 阅读全帖 |
|
w********8
发帖数: 73 | 15 发信人: aa35 (嗯), 信区: Automobile
标 题: Re: 是不是transmission坏掉？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Mar 28 22:55:46 2011, 美东)
What is your model of your Buick?
>>>> 2001 Buick Regal LS. Thanks.
The following are the symptoms of the transmission issues.Usually honda
owners can tell you more about transmission problems:
1.
Rough Shifting
*
Abrupt or hard shifting between gears is the most common sign of
transmission problems.
Fluid
*
Dark or dirty transmission... 阅读全帖 |
|
g*******x
发帖数: 2158 | 16 再加点
2009 Forester technical descriptions from a March 2008 Subaru Canada
document （http://www.subaru.ca/webpage.aspx?articleid=4606&webpageid=4998&websiteid=282）
AWD, Transmission, and F/R Torque Split
Quote:
Forester uses two different versions of Symmetrical AWD, both with Subaru's
standard Vehicle Dynamics Control electronic stability system.
Models equipped with the 5-speed manual transmission use a locking viscous-
coupling locking centre differential that distributes power 50/50, for well-... 阅读全帖 |
|
b*********n
发帖数: 2975 | 17 all auto shift with on-demand awd, period
再加点
2009 Forester technical descriptions from a March 2008 Subaru Canada
document （http://www.subaru.ca/webpage.aspx?articleid=4606&webpageid=4998&websiteid=282）
AWD, Transmission, and F/R Torque Split
Quote:
Forester uses two different versions of Symmetrical AWD, both with Subaru's
standard Vehicle Dynamics Control electronic stability system.
Models equipped with the 5-speed manual transmission use a locking viscous-
coupling locking centre different... 阅读全帖 |
|
q**j
发帖数: 10612 | 18 http://www.stanleysubaru.com/blog/2012/april/10/what-is-new-abo
ubaru-legacy.htm
看中间这一段，有没有高手给仔细分析一下优劣。好像3.6R才是正牌货。
ymmetrical All-Wheel Drive: Three Different Types
Subaru offers three different Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive systems in the 201
3 Legacy line, each tailored to the type of transmission. In Legacy 2.5i mod
els equipped with the 6-speed manual transmission, the Continuous AWD system
uses a viscous-coupling locking center differential to distribute power a n
ominal 50/50 front to rear.... 阅读全帖 |
|
m********i
发帖数: 298 | 19 不知道能不能把我想表达的都说出来。我来试一试。
High Frequency Trading，有一个比较大的风险就是成交的手续费＋SLIPPAGE。
好处是这个风险是可以预知。你有一定高的交易频率／WEEK。基本上一周的手续费预知
。如果只看一年的手续费＋SLIPPAGE，这个确实是一个大的风险。
但是，如果同样２０％YEARLYGAIN,高频MAX DRAWDOWN只有低频的１０％或更低（因为
承担手续费的风险被SMOOTH到整个过程中了），即，如果承担了额外手续费的风险，就
要有额外的收获，你额外的收获就是得到一个LOW MAX DRAWDOWN，那么就要做High
Frequency Trading.所以做High Frequency Trading就是做LOW MAX DRAWDOWN，都说
High Frequency Trading有相当高的SHARPE RATIO，我想应该是跟这个有关。
欢迎拍砖。 |
|
b******7
发帖数: 639 | 20 THE BEAR MARKET IN STOCKS ENDED a year ago, but a lot of online traders and
investors apparently didn't get the memo. They cut back on equity
transactions in 2009 -- despite the 23.5% surge in the Standard & Poor's 500
-- and instead demanded more products and services. They got them. More
bonds, options, foreign exchange, commodities and mutual and exchange-traded
fund offerings; more social networks to combine their talents; more
education to wean themselves further from full-service brokerage... 阅读全帖 |
|
m********i
发帖数: 298 | 21 １。如果没有大量的BACK－TESTING的数据证明，就是跳大神。一年几次进出的数据，
不能证明。
２。还有进出时，不算COMMISSION＋SLIPPAGE的，也是跳大神。
３。将加仓，减仓作为策略一部分的，也是跳大神。
４。不加仓，减仓，有大量的BACK－TESTING的数据证明，进出时算COMMISSION＋
SLIPPAGE的，赢利的策略，再加入加仓，减仓做为风险控制，不是跳大神。 |
|
a*****e
发帖数: 1717 | 22 slippage kills the strategy?
very interesting. Isn't 0.25 slippage is reasonable to assume.
about |
|
a*****e
发帖数: 1717 | 23 nevertheless, there should be something good to learn from you.
optimization execution is more of algorithmic trading area.
You can refer to this book,
Optimal Trading Strategies: Quantitative Approaches for Managing Market
Impact and Trading Risk
I have not read through, seems more focused on market impact reduction,
slippage is more or about latency.
Order types is highly related too.
Slippage
stressful |
|
S*********g
发帖数: 5298 | 24 是的，实际操作会有slippage，但是这个slippage相对于PL来说会是很小的一个值。 |
|
|
u*****3
发帖数: 257 | 26 ES too much slippage. Usually it can fill at the stop price, but it has 3
ticks slippage for one trade. It increases the risk,harder to control. |
|
M*****8
发帖数: 17722 | 27 【 以下文字转载自 Stock 讨论区 】
发信人: MB80528 (肥猫(Contrarian)[食MM而肥]), 信区: Stock
标 题: Re: 想到一个简单的操作手法，大家提提意见
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Sep 4 23:32:15 2012, 美东)
.........................
多数人的损失很重要的一部分是 Slippage 。
所以你这赢亏必需把Slippage调整进去，然后再比较。
顺便说一句，这题目够做一个硕士论文，够深入甚至博士论文。
http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t/Stock/34426975.html |
|
t**********a
发帖数: 166 | 28 not sure what is "hedging cost"
If it meant the slippage and bid/ask spread, that is due that your delta
trading will move the price against your
target price, resulting in costing more money;
or it meant gamma PNL, that is due to realized vol is different from implied.
Actually what you try to say might be close to slippage, but it is not due
to "noncasusality" (i.e. not know the
price before delta hedging). The delta is a strategy based on all the
information we know (dW = Wt - W(t-dt),
not Wt |
|
g****f
发帖数: 5 | 29 我同学的女儿，13岁，刚被诊断胸椎侧弯。北京的医院有的建议保守治疗，有的建议赶
紧手术。考虑手术的风险，父母十分担心。望熟悉这方面的朋友可以帮忙建议。十分感
谢。 如果可以介绍美国这边的医院也十分感谢。
MR检查报告单
胸椎平扫
扫描技术：Cor、 Sag、T1WI、T2WI
检查所见：胸椎稍显侧弯，以Th2为中心向左突，Cobb角约19.48°，胸椎生理曲度存在
，椎体及附件未见明显骨质增生征象，椎间隙未见明显狭窄，未见明显椎间盘膨出或突
出征象，胸段脊髓未见明显异常号影。
意见：胸椎稍显侧弯，以Th2为中心稍向左突，请结合临床。
MR examination report
T-spine Routine Scan
Scanning Technology: Cor、Sag、T1WI、T2WI
Examination findings: Thoracic vertebrae are showed T2-centered left
scoliosis. The Cobb angle is about 19.48°. Physiological curvature of
thorac... 阅读全帖 |
|
j****y
发帖数: 1714 | 30 http://www.sublimeoblivion.com/2011/01/16/top-10-powerful-count
2011/
The Chinese have an interesting concept that quantifies Great Power
status, called Comprehensive National Power (CNP). This index is
produced by processing the economic, military and cultural factors that
make countries powerful: GDP, technological development, number of tanks
and ICBM’s, as well as “softer” factors such as influence on global
media and international institutions. Since I’m not a think-tank, I
can’t be bothere... 阅读全帖 |
|
d**z
发帖数: 3577 | 31
“ The business of the lawyer, simply stated, is to win
if possible without violating the law.”
[His is not the search for truth as such.]
------- Judge Marvin Frankel
(The phrase "if possible" is meant to modify what
precedes it, but the danger of slippage is well known.） |
|
l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 32 By Niall Stanage - 11/07/11 05:15 AM ET
An overwhelming majority of likely voters think it’s important to consider
a politician’s private foibles when assessing his or her suitability for
office.
But they also contend that presidential campaigns have become dirtier over
the past generation, perhaps indicating a reluctance to accept allegations
against particular candidates at face value.
The results of this week’s The Hill Poll indicate that 85 percent of voters
regard the way a politician condu... 阅读全帖 |
|
B**W
发帖数: 2273 | 33 Washington (CNN) -- House Republicans and Senate Democrats stepped up their
game of legislative chicken over the expiring payroll tax cut Monday, with
Democrats flatly rejecting House Speaker John Boehner's demand to ditch a
two-month extension in favor of an immediate one-year continuation.
"It's time to stop the nonsense," Boehner, R-Ohio, told reporters on Capitol
Hill. "Americans are tired of Washington's short-term fixes and gimmicks."
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, responded ... 阅读全帖 |
|
l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 34 “You have done a superlative job of diminishing what was once a great
profession”
June 19, 2012 by Rick Rice
It’s quite normal and routine to read about media bias at my place.
It’s quite another to read about it from an insider, from an acclaimed news
guy who spent decades in the biz, from someone who has historically poo poo
-ed the notion that your regular news outlets are completely in the tank for
leftist thought, memes and ideologies, from someone who is usually most
calm, most mild, most... 阅读全帖 |
|
g********2
发帖数: 6571 | 35 2016 looks like a repeat of 1980
You probably remember that in September 1980 voters were couldn’t wait to
cast a vote for Reagan.
If you remember it like that, you remember wrong. At least a little wrong.
TIME magazine examined voter sentiment in its September 15, 1980, issue.
Voters that year sounded a lot like voters this year. Here’s how TIME’s Ed
Magnuson summarized the voters of 1980:
Disenchanted, but not apathetic. Caring about issues, although much more
concerned about character. Lo... 阅读全帖 |
|
i**********r
发帖数: 156 | 36 if there is no service history for the transmission, check the color, smell
of transmission fluid, test drive on local/highway, each gear, shift smooth?
slippage? clunks when shifting? reverse? etc...
engine一般没问题，最好能知道transmission的 service history |
|
c******n
发帖数: 5697 | 37 D档你车子速度是多少？如果实在加速减速中那是transmission slippage |
|
o****e
发帖数: 536 | 38 "For off-road travel there's a full-time four-wheel-drive system with
locking Torsen differential that continuously apportions torque between the
front and rear axles. It automatically directs power according to the
traction available at each of the four corners. In normal highway conditions
, power is split 40/60 percent front/rear. If the rear wheels spin, the
differential can change the front/rear ratio to 53/47 percent to control the
slippage. In steering maneuvers, the system sends more pow... 阅读全帖 |
|
b**********r
发帖数: 317 | 39 Take BMW for example, A/C is designed on top of the tranfer case. As time
goes by, water condensation from A/C will drip down to the transfer case and
cause the corrosion on drive shaft spindle, which will lead to slippage.
Depending on water or oil, If dealer told you it's the transfer case leak,
then it should be oil leak (gear-oil: 75W90), and you can ask them to show
you (usually they don't). If you DO see oil on transfer case, then you can
go ahead and let them do it. If only water, don't b... 阅读全帖 |
|
g*******x
发帖数: 2158 | 40 最后加一点
With TZ1/ACT-4 (Active Torque Split) 4-Speed Automatic Transmission:
Proactive automatic all wheel drive with 90/10 torque split front-to-rear
under normal conditions (80/20 from 1996; 60/40 on Subaru Forester from 2009
and on ). Electronically controlled hydraulic multi-plate transfer clutch
installed instead of the center differential in the transaxle's tailshaft.
Sensors monitor parameters such as wheel slippage, throttle position and
braking, to help determine needed torque distributio... 阅读全帖 |
|
b****n
发帖数: 3343 | 41 There is no need for AWD in Texas if you don't do off-road. The TCS and ESP
on the car should be sufficient to avoid slippage in case the little snow
fall in Texas. |
|
t*********r
发帖数: 2558 | 42 “Subaru’s top-of-the-line Outback H6-3.0 VDC also uses a planetary center
differential, which normally splits thrust 45/55 front to rear. But when the
“Vehicle Dynamics Control” stability system senses wheel slippage or an
impending slide, it instructs a hydraulic clutch on the center diff to
redistribute torque and then begins to apply braking and, if necessary, fuel
shutoff to regain control. Sadly, the VDC system can be neither canceled
nor cajoled into allowing even the least little bit of s... 阅读全帖 |
|
s*******e
发帖数: 1630 | 43 症状之一tranny slippage，尤其低档时候偶然会打滑 |
|
y***g
发帖数: 10422 | 44 手动WRX（非STi）用的是第一种。但增加了后轴LSD。
第二种 anti-slippage 比第一种好，但第一种的 torque distribution 比第二种好。
总的来说第二种好些，因为低速起步时比较proactive一些。
另外，第一种(continuous)和第二种(ACT4)某些车型有后轴LSD，有些没有。第三种(
VTD)都有后轴LSD。
第四种中差采用行星齿轮差速器+电控多篇离合器限滑，但驾驶员可以通过控制离合器
来改变前后扭矩分配比例（常态下前后41:59），所以叫 Driver Controlled Center
Differential（DCCD）。此外前差速器采用螺旋式LSD，后差速器采用TORSEN LSD。 |
|
J*******3
发帖数: 1651 | 45 丰田2013年6月6日公开了预计将于年内作为2014年款投放市场的新一代“卡罗拉”（北
美版）的概要，价格及详细性能指标将在临近上市时发布。
这是第11代卡罗拉，为了吸引更年轻的用户而非维持以往用户，继“Avalon”
及“RAV4”之后，丰田再次采用了个性强烈的外观设计。前脸以较扁的前大灯以及下部
带大开口的保险杠等为特点，并搭配大幅膨出的翼子板以及向后平缓下滑的C柱。
新款卡罗拉的外形尺寸为长4639×宽1776×高1455mm，与上代车型相比车长增
加99mm，车宽扩大16mm，但车高降低10mm。轴距为2700mm，比上代车型长100mm。由于
轴距更长，因此后座臀点后移了75mm，另外还通过减薄前座靠背，使后座乘坐空间变得
宽敞。
图2：“LE Eco”的后视图 （点击放大）
图3：侧视图 （点击放大）
图4：LE Eco的内装 （点击放大）
图5：S的内装 （点击放大）
新一代卡罗拉设有“L”、“LE”、“S”和“LE Eco”四种级别。前三个级别
的款... 阅读全帖 |
|
m**********0
发帖数: 737 | 46 With TZ1/ACT-4 (Active Torque Split) 4-speed automatic transmission:
Proactive automatic all wheel drive with 90/10 torque split front-to-rear
under normal conditions (80/20 from 1996; 60/40 on Subaru Forester from 2009
and on - Source). Electronically controlled hydraulic multi-plate transfer
clutch installed instead of the center differential in the transaxle's
tailshaft. Sensors monitor parameters such as wheel slippage, throttle
position and braking, to help determine needed torque distribut... 阅读全帖 |
|
v*******0
发帖数: 116 | 47 1) Audi Quattro (eg Q5) (Full time AWD, all four wheels always have power,
Torsen)
2) Jeep (eg Grand Cherokee) (Full time 4WD, not Torsen)
3) Subaru VTD (eg Forester) (Full time AWD, all four wheels always have
power, not Torsen )
4) BMW XDrive (eg x3) (RWD by default, transfers power to FWD by computer if
necessary, but has Electronic Differential lock that can lock spinning
wheels before slippage).
5) Volvo Haldex (eg xc60) ( same as above, but FWD by default, and
transfers to rear. But has no... 阅读全帖 |
|
f****t
发帖数: 15913 | 48 The RDX all-wheel drive system is designed to help maximize the use of
available traction in both dry and slippery conditions, while minimizing
system-wide friction and power loss to help optimize fuel efficiency.
In normal cruising, the system operates as an efficient FWD vehicle with
100% of engine torque being directed to the front wheels.
During moderate acceleration or when front wheel slip is detected in dry
conditions, 25% of engine torque is transferred to the rear wheels.
On... 阅读全帖 |
|
e**n
发帖数: 5876 | 49 看来Volvo, 包括新的XC-90的Haldex, 都是太公四驱, 每个后轮只有2.5%的扭矩
"The Volvo automatic AWD system has no traditional transfer case. Primary
power goes to the front wheels. The rear drive shaft incorporates a viscous
coupling (Haldex on the new XC-90) and as long as front and rear axles
rotate at the same speed the coupling unit would remain inactive and the
rear tires receive no torque - they are just rolling along. Would indeed
slippage occur at the front wheels, the VC (Haldex) will create a power flow
to the ... 阅读全帖 |
|
f****t
发帖数: 15913 | 50
subaru 50：50分配动力的车之有六纲缸或手动版本，你的fxt和这个毫无关系，别自慰
了。
下面是关于AWD的评论：
What is the best 4X4 or AWD system for snow weather?
Cemtur
Answered Last
First of all, tyres (tires) are the nr 1 consideration when it's driving on
ice and snow. Motor power or 4x4 drive systems are nr 2 consideration.
I personally see that handling and grip of 2WD (two wheels drive) cars are
not worse than any 4WD SUV when equipped with good snow tyres.
I saw many examples that 2WD car with snow tyres climbs on icy hill where
4WD ... 阅读全帖 |
|
