z*h
发帖数: 773 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 ECUST 讨论区 】
发信人: zyh (CH2O), 信区: ECUST
标 题: From nonfood biomass to starch
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Apr 15 18:26:35 2013, 美东)
Abstract
The global demand for food could double in another 40 y owing to growth in
the population and food consumption per capita. To meet the world’s future
food and sustainability needs for biofuels and renewable materials, the
production of starch-rich cereals and cellulose-rich bioenergy plants must
grow substantially while minimizing agriculture’s environmental footprint
and conserving biodiversity. Here we demonstrate one-pot enzymatic
conversion of pretreated biomass to starch through a nonnatural synthetic
enzymatic pathway composed of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolyase, cellobiose
phosphorylase, and alpha-glucan phosphorylase originating from bacterial,
fungal, and plant sources. A special polypeptide cap in potato alpha-glucan
phosphorylase was essential to push a partially hydrolyzed intermediate of
cellulose forward to the synthesis of amylose. Up to 30% of the
anhydroglucose units in cellulose were converted to starch; the remaining
cellulose was hydrolyzed to glucose suitable for ethanol production by yeast
in the same bioreactor. Next-generation biorefineries based on simultaneous
enzymatic biotransformation and microbial fermentation could address the
food, biofuels, and environment trilemma.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/04/12/1302420110 | w***a
发帖数: 4361 | 2 怎么只发了个PNAS？
future
【在 z*h 的大作中提到】
: 【 以下文字转载自 ECUST 讨论区 】
: 发信人: zyh (CH2O), 信区: ECUST
: 标 题: From nonfood biomass to starch
: 发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Apr 15 18:26:35 2013, 美东)
: Abstract
: The global demand for food could double in another 40 y owing to growth in
: the population and food consumption per capita. To meet the world’s future
: food and sustainability needs for biofuels and renewable materials, the
: production of starch-rich cereals and cellulose-rich bioenergy plants must
: grow substantially while minimizing agriculture’s environmental footprint
| a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 3 very good.
But nobody would want to eat it. Many don't even want GMO.
future
【在 z*h 的大作中提到】
: 【 以下文字转载自 ECUST 讨论区 】
: 发信人: zyh (CH2O), 信区: ECUST
: 标 题: From nonfood biomass to starch
: 发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Apr 15 18:26:35 2013, 美东)
: Abstract
: The global demand for food could double in another 40 y owing to growth in
: the population and food consumption per capita. To meet the world’s future
: food and sustainability needs for biofuels and renewable materials, the
: production of starch-rich cereals and cellulose-rich bioenergy plants must
: grow substantially while minimizing agriculture’s environmental footprint
| z*h
发帖数: 773 | | z*h
发帖数: 773 | 5 Science -- Could Wood Feed the World
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/04/could-wood-feed-t
The main ingredient of wood, cellulose, is one of the most abundant organic
compounds on Earth and a dream source of renewable fuel. Now, bioengineers
suggest that it could feed the hungry as well. In a new study, researchers
have found a way to turn cellulose into starch, the most common carbohydrate
in the human diet.
Ethanol is today's most common biofuel used to power vehicles. It's
typically made using sugars from crop plants such as corn and sugar cane, a
system critics decry is a waste of food. Enter cellulose. Plants generate as
much as 180 billion tons of the substance globally per year. Companies
around the globe are racing to produce biofuels from cellulose from inedible
plants, such as switchgrass and poplar trees, grown on marginal land that
requires little water, fertilizer, herbicide, and pesticides, or from the
vast amount of scrap from crop and wood-based industries. For instance,
every ton of harvested cereals is often accompanied by 2 to 3 tons of
cellulose-rich scrap, most of which goes to waste.
Now, for the first time, it appears there may be a practical way that
cellulose could also feed people, says bioprocess engineer Y.-H. Percival
Zhang of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in
Blacksburg. He credits his line of thought to his Chinese background. "Food
security has always been the number one question for nearly 5000 years of
Chinese history," Zhang says. "Without enough food, crises happened and
dynasties shifted." For instance, famines spurred peasant rebellions that
helped lead to the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century and the
Ming Dynasty in the 17th century.
Zhang and his colleagues focused on starch, which makes up as much as 40% of
people's diets. The idea of turning cellulose into starch is one rooted in
the similarities between the compounds: Cellulose is composed of hundreds to
thousands of molecules of the sugar glucose, and starch compounds are made
of glucose as well, although the sugar is bonded together in different ways. | s******y
发帖数: 28562 | 6 不错。至少可以拿去做饲料啊
future
【在 z*h 的大作中提到】
: Science -- Could Wood Feed the World
: http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/04/could-wood-feed-t
: The main ingredient of wood, cellulose, is one of the most abundant organic
: compounds on Earth and a dream source of renewable fuel. Now, bioengineers
: suggest that it could feed the hungry as well. In a new study, researchers
: have found a way to turn cellulose into starch, the most common carbohydrate
: in the human diet.
: Ethanol is today's most common biofuel used to power vehicles. It's
: typically made using sugars from crop plants such as corn and sugar cane, a
: system critics decry is a waste of food. Enter cellulose. Plants generate as
| a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 7 营养价值如何？
casava都是淀粉，吃的非洲人都营养不良。
【在 s******y 的大作中提到】
: 不错。至少可以拿去做饲料啊
:
: future
| a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 8 制造过程仍非自然
【在 z*h 的大作中提到】
: No GMO at all.
| x********u
发帖数: 430 | 9 Congratulations! I guess this is a really big finding. People won't eat it.
But these starch/amylose can be used as feedstocks to grow yeast or bacteria
to produce beer, amino acids and other bulk chemicals. |
|
