g******4
发帖数: 6339 | 1 <<< Chemical basis >>>
Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like
hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love,
divides the experience of love into *three partly overlapping stages*:
lust, attraction, and attachment.
[1] Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and
involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and
estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months.
[2] Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a
specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to
an individual mate forms. Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that
as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain set of
chemicals, including pheromones, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin,
which act in a manner similar to amphetamines, stimulating the brain's
pleasure center and leading to side effects such as increased heart rate,
loss of appetite and sleep, and an intense feeling of excitement. Research
has indicated that this stage generally lasts from *one and a half to three
years* .
[3] Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a
third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships.
Attachment is the bonding that promotes relationships lasting for many years
and even decades. Attachment is generally based on *commitments* such as
marriage and children, or on mutual friendship based on things like shared
interests. It has been linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and
vasopressin to a greater degree than short-term relationships have. Enzo
Emanuele and coworkers reported the protein molecule known as the nerve
growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but
these return to previous levels after one year. | c******n
发帖数: 4216 | | g******4
发帖数: 6339 | 3
norepinephrine:
【在 c******n 的大作中提到】
: 肾上腺激素。。。
| w**********9
发帖数: 1058 | | g******4
发帖数: 6339 | 5 <<< Psychological basis >>>
Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon.
(1) Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love
and argued that love has three different components: intimacy, commitment,
and passion.
[1] Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various
details of their personal lives, and is usually shown in friendships and
romantic love affairs. [2] Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation
that the relationship is permanent. [3] The last and most common form of
love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is shown in
infatuation as well as romantic love.
All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three
components.
(2) American psychologist Zick Rubin seeks to define love by psychometrics.
His work states that three factors constitute love: attachment, caring, and
intimacy.
【在 g******4 的大作中提到】
: <<< Chemical basis >>>
: Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like
: hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love,
: divides the experience of love into *three partly overlapping stages*:
: lust, attraction, and attachment.
: [1] Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and
: involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and
: estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months.
: [2] Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a
: specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to
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