x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | 1 能不能给我科普一下对心脏的作用？
据说，
有毛病的，是恶化。
没毛病的，是保护。
是这样么？ | x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | | l****i
发帖数: 698 | 3 据说这东西就是个安慰作用
吃几个胶囊，效果有限。 | m**k
发帖数: 18660 | 4 就是omega3的作用啊。一般认为有好处。但是补品非药品。过一阵估计你也要问葡糖氨
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 能不能给我科普一下对心脏的作用？
: 据说，
: 有毛病的，是恶化。
: 没毛病的，是保护。
: 是这样么？
| m**k
发帖数: 18660 | 5 就是omega3的作用啊。一般认为有好处。但是补品非药品。过一阵估计你也要问葡糖氨
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 能不能给我科普一下对心脏的作用？
: 据说，
: 有毛病的，是恶化。
: 没毛病的，是保护。
: 是这样么？
| x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | 6 我现在每周消耗一箱韩国李，可惜没有发现肺功能有提升。
最近hmart的河北鸭梨不错，才99cents一磅，虽然比起新疆香梨差得多，但是比老美的
苹果梨好吃多了。
【在 m**k 的大作中提到】
: 就是omega3的作用啊。一般认为有好处。但是补品非药品。过一阵估计你也要问葡糖氨
| R*****y
发帖数: 1325 | | t****u
发帖数: 836 | 8 我有consumerlab的报告；请看附件。
看报告上说的样子是有效果的。
但我觉得游泳对心肺功能的增加效果更直接。
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 能不能给我科普一下对心脏的作用？
: 据说，
: 有毛病的，是恶化。
: 没毛病的，是保护。
: 是这样么？
| t****u
发帖数: 836 | | t****u
发帖数: 836 | 10 What It Is:
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are two principal
fatty acids found in fish and krill. They belong to a family of nutrients
known as omega-3 fatty acids. DHA can also be obtained from other marine
sources, such as algae (algal oil). EPA and DHA are polyunsaturated fats ("
good" fats, as opposed to saturated fats which are thought to increase the
risk of heart disease). The body can only manufacture limited amounts of EPA
and DHA from the essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) -- found
in flaxseed oil, canola oil, soy oil and walnut oil. For more information
about ALA see the separate review covering ALA and GLA products.
What It Does:
Cardiovascular Disease:
Omega-3 fatty acids have been most widely studied regarding their effects on
cardiovascular health. Increased consumption of fish oil may help slow the
progression of atherosclerosis, thereby preventing heart attacks, and reduce
the risk of sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. A multi-year Dutch
study published in 2010, showed a 62% lower risk of fatal heart attack in
people consuming even a modest amount of EPA and DHA (about 234 mg per day)
from fish as compared to those consuming little (about 40 mg per day of EPA
and DHA). The risk of non-fatal heart attacks, however, was not affected (de
Goede, J Nutrition, 2010). The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA have a
number of heart-healthy effects, including reducing triglyceride levels,
raising levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol and, possibly, "thinning" the
blood, reducing levels of homocysteine and reducing blood pressure. Fish
oils also appear to enhance the effectiveness of statin drugs used to
improve cholesterol profiles. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
permits supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids to state: "Supportive but
not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty
acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease."
Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Diseases:
Increased intake of the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil alter the body's
production of substances known as prostaglandins, and, consequently, reduce
some forms of inflammation. On the basis of this, EPA and DHA have been
tried in the treatment of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis with considerable
success (especially in early stages of the disease). Unlike "disease
modifying" drugs, however, fish oil probably doesn't slow the progression of
the disease.
The anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA have also caused researchers to
investigate possible benefits of fish oil for the treatment of menstrual
cramps, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease),
lupus, and IgA nephropathy. For each of these conditions, at least one
double-blind study has found positive results. A large European study (Hart
2009) showed that people with the highest consumption of DHA (410 mg to 2,
000 mg per day) had a 77% reduction in the risk of developing ulcerative
colitis over an average period of four years than those consuming the lowest
amount (up to 110 mg per day). Conversely, those consuming the most (15 to
35 grams per day) of linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) were 2.3 times as
likely to develop the disease as those consuming the lowest amount (8 grams
- 11 grams per day). However, in Crohn's disease, a trial of four grams per
day of omega-3 fatty acids (50-60% EPA and 15-25% DHA) was ineffective at
preventing relapses.
Cancer:
Prevention:
Some evidence suggests that fish oil may reduce the risk of cancer of the
prostate, colon/rectum, and breast. The latest evidence relating to breast
cancer comes from a prospective study of supplement use and breast cancer
risk among postmenopausal women (Brasky, Canc. Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev
2010). Current use (but not past use) of fish oil supplements was associated
with a 32% reduction in the risk of breast cancer. A specific dose or
frequency of fish oil use associated with the greatest risk reduction was
not determined. Risk was greatly reduced for ductal carcinoma of the breast
(the most common form of breast cancer), but not lobular carcinoma. This
risk reduction was not seen with other supplements commonly taken for
menopausal symptoms (black cohosh, dong quai, soy, or St. John's wort). It
is speculated that the anti-inflammatory property of fish oil may be
responsible for an anti-cancer effect because chronic inflammation is
associated with cancer initiation and progression. Researchers note, however
, that fish oil cannot be recommended for breast cancer prevention without
further study. (See the Review of Cancer Prevention Supplements for
information about other supplements used for cancer prevention.)
Results of a prostate cancer prevention study were recently analyzed to
determine if blood (serum) levels of omega-3 and -6 fatty acids were
associated with prostate cancer. There were no associations with the risk of
low-grade prostate cancer but, unexpectedly, elevated levels of DHA (
although not EPA, nor EPA plus DHA) were associated with a greater risk of
high-grade prostate cancer (Brasky, Am J Epidem 2011). ConsumerLab.com
communicated with the researcher, Dr. Theodore Brasky, to understand the
implications. He explained that the study did not reflect supplement use
and that a soon-to-be-published study of by him shows no association between
fish oil supplement use and prostate cancer risk. He also noted that other
research has found fish consumption to be associated with a large reduction
in late state or fatal prostate cancer (Szymanski, Am J Clin Nutr 2010).
Chemotherapy:
Fish oil may prevent weight loss during cancer chemotherapy. Although some
trials have not shown a benefit, a recent study (Murphy, Cancer 2011) showed
significant benefit. In this study, patients with non-small cell lung
cancer took fish oil throughout initial chemotherapy (approximately 10 weeks
). During the course of chemotherapy, patients who did not take fish oil
experienced an average weight loss of 5 lbs (of which approximately 2.2 lbs
was muscle). Those taking fish oil had, on average, no change in weight
despite having lost, on average, 6.3% of their weight over the previous 6
months. In fact, many of those taking fish oil increased their muscle mass
– with the greatest increases corresponding to the greatest increases in
plasma EPA concentrations. Cancer response rates to the chemotherapy were
similar in the two groups. Patients taking the fish oil were given an option
consuming either four 1 gram gelatin capsules per day or 7.5 mL of liquid
fish oil per day. Both formulations provided 2.2 grams of EPA per day.
Eye Disease:
Analyses of dietary intakes taken as part of the Age-Related Eye Disease
Study (AREDS) show that participants who reported the highest intake of EPA
and DHA were 30% less likely to develop diseases of the retina --
neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central geographic
atrophy (CGA) -- compared to those with the lowest intake (SanGiovanni 2009)
. Decreased risk of developing AMD was also shown in a study of over 30,000
female health professionals: Those consuming at least one serving per week
of fish had a 42% reduction in risk of developing AMD compared to those
eating less than one serving per month – and the benefit was greatest with
canned tuna or dark-meat fish (e.g., mackerel, salmon, sardines, bluefish,
and swordfish) (Christen, Arch Opthamol 2011). Analyzed another way, the
risk of developing AMD in this study was reduced by 38% and 36%,
respectively, among those with the highest intakes from their diets of DHA (
230 mg median intake) and EPA (100 mg median intake) compared to those
consuming the least amount (median intakes of 60 mg of DHA and 10 mg of EPA.
) EPA and DHA supplementation are currently being evaluated as treatments
for AMD in a related study known as AREDS2. See the Review of Eye Health
Supplements for more information about AREDS and AREDS2.
Psychiatric and Mental Disorders:
For reasons that are less clear, omega-3s seem to help depression, bipolar
disorder, and schizophrenia according to a limited number of double-blind
trials. Fish oil has also been proposed for attention deficit disorder,
borderline personality disorder, dyslexia and cognitive impairment, but
supporting evidence for these uses remains preliminary.
Depression
A study of depressed older women in a nursing home setting showed that after
taking high-dose omega-3 fatty acids for eight weeks (2,500 mg once daily
consisting of 1,670 mg EPA and 830 mg DHA), 40.9% had a remission of
depression compared to 16.7% of those taking placebo (Rondanelli, J Am Col
Nutr 2010). This study also found a statistically significant improvement in
the self-assessed quality of life and that the fish oil treatment was well
tolerated. In another study, the combination of EPA plus the prescription
drug fluoxetine (Prozac) was better than either EPA or fluoxetine alone for
treating major depression in a short-term (8-week) study of 60 people.
However, a more recent study of people with congestive heart failure and
depression failed to show any additional benefit from EPA and DHA when added
to treatment with sertraline (Carney, JAMA 2009).
Suicide
An analysis of blood samples from 1,600 military personnel showed those who
committed suicide had, prior to suicide, significantly lower blood levels of
DHA than personnel who did not commit suicide (Lewis, J Clin Psychiatry
2011). The population studied was predominantly male and the risk of suicide
was found to be 62% greater among men with levels of serum DHA below 1.75%
(% of total serum fatty acids) compared to those with higher levels. There
was no such relationship with EPA levels. The researchers note that omega-3
fatty acid levels were generally low across the military personnel in the
study, much lower than in the general population, and suggested that even
greater risk reductions could be possible with higher serum levels of DHA.
Anxiety
A study of U.S. medical students showed, over 12 weeks, that those who
received high-dose omega-3 fatty acids (2,496 mg once daily providing 2,085
mg EPA and 348 mg DHA), had a 20% reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to
those receiving placebo treatment. Treated students also had a 14% decrease
in a marker of inflammation (stimulated IL-6 production) (Kiecolt-Glaser,
Brain Behav Immun 2011). The study intentionally used an extremely
concentrated fish oil (supplied by OmegaBrite) high in EPA due to evidence
that EPA has relatively stronger anti-inflammatory and antidepressant
effects than DHA.
Pregnancy:
DHA is important for normal development and functioning of the brain and
retina in the fetus and in infants. For this reason, it is thought that
pregnant or nursing mothers may benefit from supplementation. DHA is also
often added to formula for premature infants and some regular infant
formulas and foods. In a recently reported Australian study, pregnant women
were given 800 mg of DHA and 100 mg of EPA daily (from 1500 mg of fish oil
in capsules) until birth. Compared to women given placebo (vegetable oil
capsules), there was no statistically significant increase in cognitive or
language development in offspring during early childhood. Somewhat fewer of
the treated women had postpartum depression (9.67%) than those who received
placebo (11.19%), but this was not statistically significant. However,
there was a significant decrease in very premature births (1.09% in the
treated group vs. 2.25% in the placebo group) as well as fewer low birth
weight infants and fewer admissions to neonatal intensive care units. There
were also fewer fetal/infant deaths among those taking fish oil, although
not by a statistically significant margin. At the same time, more of the
treated women were induced or had cesarean sections because they were post
term (Makrides, JAMA 2010). Babies born to women in the study were nearly 40
% less likely to have egg allergies in their first year of life. They were
also less likely to have eczema, although this association did not hold
after the results were adjusted for factors such as maternal history of
allergies (Palmer, BMJ 2012). A related editorial recommended that pregnant
women should get 200 mg of DHA per day either from a supplement or low-
mercury fish and that the benefit of higher intakes remains unclear (Oken,
JAMA 2010). Infants born to women in Mexico given 400 mg DHA daily (from
algal oil from Martek Biosciences) during pregnancy (starting at about 20
weeks) had a lower occurrence of colds during the first three month of life
than those whose mothers received placebo treatment (37.6% vs. 44.6%,
respectively) (Imhoff-Kunsch, Pediatrics 2011). However, median daily intake
of DHA among pregnant women in Mexico is much lower than in the U.S. (80 mg
vs. 100 to 200 mg, respectively), so the findings may not apply to groups
already consuming higher amounts of DHA.
Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Decline:
Population studies suggest that consumption of DHA is associated with
reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease and animal studies demonstrate that
DHA intake reduces Alzheimer-like brain disease. However, a recent study
showed that supplementation with DHA from algae did not slow cognitive and
functional decline in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (
Quinn, JAMA 2010). There was also no apparent reduction in the decline in
brain volume. In the study, patients received 2 grams of DHA from algal oil
daily or placebo for 18 months. All of the patients had previously consumed
less than 200 mg of DHA per day and had not taken supplements with DHA or
EPA. Among those given DHA in the study, plasma levels of DHA tripled and
the amount of DHA in cerebrospinal fluid increased by 38%, with no
significant change in those taking placebo. It should be noted that the
study did not assess whether DHA could play a preventative role in Alzheimer
disease, nor did it assess the effect of DHA in conjunction with EPA.
Studies have shown modest benefit with DHA for people with age-related
cognitive decline (ARCD). Unlike Alzheimer disease, ARCD is not considered a
disease and is a more gradual and, perhaps, normal consequence of aging. A
6-month study of people over age 65 with mild cognitive impairment showed
that those receiving daily fish oil containing a large amount of DHA (1,550
mg) with EPA (400 mg) improved scores on verbal fluency (although not on any
other memory or cognition test) compared to those in a control group
receiving safflower oil (containing the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid).
An EPA/DHA combination (1,670 mg EPA with 160 mg DHA) did not affect any
aspect of cognition or memory. However, both the EPA/DHA combination and, to
a slightly greater extent, the DHA/EPA combination reduced depressive
symptoms in these mildly cognitively impaired individuals (Sinn, Br J Nutr
2011). The researchers note that depression is a potential risk factor for
progression to dementia, so the reduction of depressive symptoms may reduce
the risk of dementia. In another study (Yurko-Mauro, Alzheimer's & Dementia
2010), participants were given 900 mg per day of DHA from algal oil or
placebo for 24 weeks. Those taking DHA showed significant improvements in
verbal recognition memory, but no improvement in working memory or on
executive function tests. Plasma DHA levels doubled in the group receiving
the supplementation.
Strength Training in Older Women:
A small study in Brazil looked at the potential benefit of fish oil on
strength training in older individuals, based on the fact that omega-3’s
play a role in the plasma membrane and cell function of muscles (Rodacki, Am
J Clin Nutr 2012). Forty-five mostly sedentary women in their mid-60s were
given two doses a day of a gram of fish oil containing 180 mg of EPA and 120
mg of DHA. After twelve weeks of supervised lower-body resistance-training
(3 times per week), the strength of those taking the fish oil had improved
more than those who did not supplement. Functional capacity (e.g., the speed
of rising from a chair) also increased more among those who took fish oil.
There was no improvement in the strength of women who took fish oil without
strength training, and taking fish oil for two months before training
started did not confer added benefit.
Other Diseases:
Other proposed uses of fish oils with some support include asthma, Raynaud's
phenomenon (abnormal sensitivity of hands and feet to cold), chronic
fatigue syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and osteoporosis.
The balance of current evidence suggests that fish oil is not effective for
migraine headaches, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, male infertility and
enhancing immunity in people with HIV.
Pet Use:
Fish oil supplements are commonly given to pets to help maintain their coats
and skin. [Reviews of other pet supplements by ConsumerLab.com include ALA
and GLA, Joint Supplements and Multivitamins/Multiminerals.]
For information on dosages see What to Consider When Using.
Quality Concerns and What CL Tested for:
Because omega-3 fatty acids are obtained from natural sources, levels in
supplements can vary, depending on the source and method of processing.
Contamination has also been an issue, because fish can accumulate toxins
such as mercury, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Mercury can
damage the nervous system -- particularly in a fetus. Dioxins and PCBs may
be carcinogenic at low levels of exposure over time and may have other
deleterious effects.
The freshness of the oil is also an important consideration because rancid
fish oils can have an extremely unpleasant odor and taste. While you can
sometimes determine this yourself if you take fish oil directly as a liquid,
it can be masked by added flavors and not readily detected if you use a
softgel and other encapsulated product. There may be safety considerations
with rancid fish oils due to a variety of compounds produced, some of which
are odorless, such as peroxides. A study commissioned by the government of
Norway (where fish oil supplement use is extremely high) concluded there
would be some health concern related to the regular consumption of oxidized
(rancid) fish/marine oils, particularly in regards to the gastrointestinal
tract, but there is not enough data to determine the risk (The Norwegian
Scientific Committee for Food Safety, 2011). The study explained that the
amount of spoilage and contamination in a supplement depends on the raw
materials and processes of extraction, refining, concentration,
encapsulation, storage and transportation. However, it saw no significant
risk of contamination by microorganisms, proteins, lysophospholipids,
cholesterol, and trans-fats.
Additionally, some capsules are enteric-coated and are expected to release
the oil after the stomach to theoretically reduce fishy aftertaste or burp.
If they release too soon they lose that potential benefit. If they release
too late, the oil may not get absorbed.
Neither the FDA nor any other federal or state agency routinely tests fish
or marine oil supplements for quality prior to sale. ConsumerLab.com, as
part of its mission to independently evaluate products that affect health,
wellness, and nutrition, purchased many dietary supplements sold in the U.S.
claiming to contain EPA and/or DHA and tested them for their levels of
omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA and, if listed, ALA), mercury, lead, PCBs, and
signs of decomposition. Enteric-coated capsules were tested to see if they
properly released their ingredients. One product was additionally tested for
dioxins at the request of its manufacturer. Among the products purchased
and tested, the majority was for use by people and a few were for use by
pets. Most of the supplements were softgel capsules or liquids.
For more information about the testing, see How Products Were Evaluated.
What CL Found:
Among the 24 products that ConsumerLab.com selected for review, only 17
passed quality testing, meeting requirements for freshness and purity, and
containing their claimed amounts omega-3 fatty acids. Seven (7) products
failed to pass testing for the following reasons:
Less omega-3 than claimed:
Natural Factors Rx Omega-3 Factors Pharmaceutical Grade contained only 83.3%
of the claimed EPA (See Update)
NOW Neptune Krill Oil contained only 79.1% of claimed EPA, 76.7% of claimed
DHA and 78.4% of the claimed total omega-3 fatty acids, despite showing a "
GMP Quality Assured" seal (also failed for spoilage, see below).
The Simpsons Berry Squirts contained only 88.1% of claimed EPA
Spoilage:
Three products were found to be spoiled. While spoilage does not necessarily
indicate lower amounts of omega-3's, it indicates elevated levels of
spoilage compounds that may cause burping and other gastrointestinal effects
. The test for spoilage results in a TOTOX value which, to be considered
fresh, should not exceed a value of 26.
Master Omega-3 (TOTOX = 54.4)
NOW Neptune Krill Oil (TOTOX = 57.4)
wellements PharmaOmega learn (TOTOX = 63.8)
The tests for spoilage were conducted on newly opened products, maintained
out of heat and moisture. However, be aware that spoilage may occur after
products are opened and exposed to air (see Keeping It Fresh for storage
tips).
Enteric-coated pills:
To reduce the likelihood of a fishy aftertaste or burp, some products have
enteric coatings designed to release the oil in the intestine rather than
the stomach. ConsumerLab.com tested these coatings in a simulated gastric
environment. While several passed the test, Spring Valley Triple Strength
Enteric Coated Fish Oil did not. The capsules released oil too early. (See
more information at "What to Consider When Buying -- Enteric-coated Pills.")
Contamination:
One product, 1-800-PetMeds Super Omega 3 for Cats and Dogs, exceeded the
contamination limit for dioxin-like PCBs (or dl-PCBs, which are PCBs with
established toxicity). It contained slightly more than the 3 picograms per 1
,000 milligrams (mg) limit established by the Global Organization for EPA
and DHA (GOED). The U.S. FDA has not set a limit. It is unlikely that this
exposure alone would cause toxicity, but it is preferable to avoid
unnecessary exposure to toxins. However, bear in mind that, in comparison to
a serving of most fish, even this product contains only a small amount of
PCBs.
Several products claimed to be "free of," "void of," or to have "no
detectable" PCBs or other contaminants. Be aware that, using highly
sensitive standard tests, all fish oil supplements reviewed by CL were found
to contain at least trace levels of PCBs and some have trace levels of lead
. However, none of these products exceeded contamination limits, other than
the pet supplement noted above.
A number of products claimed to be "molecularly distilled." This is a
process in which the fish oils are first converted into an ester form and
then heated, causing certain other compounds, such as contaminants, to be
removed while concentrating the product. Some products make a point of the
fact that they are not chemically treated and distilled, such as New Chapter
WholeMega, although these products are typically less concentrated for
omega-3's. Distillation may also reduce levels of some potentially
beneficial compounds (such as small amounts of vitamins) found in fish oil,
but this has to be weighed against the benefit of removing contaminants.
Other refinement techniques used on fish oils include "winterization" in
which the oil is chilled, permitting for separation and removal of saturated
fats which naturally occur in fish oil.
None of the products were found to contain detectable levels of mercury [
over 10 ppb (parts per billion)]. By comparison, mercury levels in fish
generally range from 10 ppb to 1,000 ppb, depending on the fish (see What to
Look for When Buying -- Getting EPA and DHA from Food for more information)
. In addition, none of the products contained unsafe levels of lead. A
single product (footnoted below with a "D "in the "Purity" column) was
additionally tested for dioxins, which can be found in some fish. This
supplement did not contain unsafe levels of dioxins. See Testing Methods and
Passing Score for more information about how products were evaluated.
There are several possible explanations for the relatively low level of
contamination in the supplements: the use of species of fish that are lower
on the food chain and, therefore, less likely to accumulate contaminants;
the fact that most mercury is found in fish meat and not fish oil; and the
use of distillation processesl that remove contaminants. It is worth noting
that liver oils may contain higher amounts of contaminants than other fish
oils, which are generally made from oils from whole fish. However, the one
cod liver oil product tested, Carlson Norwegian Cod Liver Oil, met all
quality criteria.
"Fishy" labeling:
To distinguish themselves, some products sport terms which, in actuality,
are meaningless:
"Pharmaceutical grade" -- Although some products claim to be "pharmaceutical
grade" this term means nothing, as the FDA has not defined what would
constitute a pharmaceutical grade fish oil product. In fact, one product
which made this claim, Natural Factors Rx Omega-3 failed testing for having
less EPA than claimed.
"Tested in FDA approved laboratories" -- The FDA does not approve analytical
laboratories so these claims are not correct, although laboratories may be
FDA registered and inspected. In addition, be aware that term "krill oil" in
the name of Finest Natural Omega-3 Krill Oil (Walgreens store brand), is
misleading: The side-label on the product shows it to contain twice as much
fish oil (300 mg) as krill oil (150 mg). Of the EPA + DHA found in testing
only about 12% apparently came from krill oil.
Range of EPA + DHA Concentrations and Pill Sizes:
The concentrations of EPA and DHA in the pills and liquids can vary by as
much as tenfold -- from as little as 8% to over 80% of the fish oil content.
Concentration depends on the source of the omega-3's, how the oil is
processed, and the amounts of other ingredients included in the supplement.
If you are trying to get as much EPA or DHA from the smallest serving size (
i.e., fewer or smaller pills or smaller liquid amounts), look for
supplements with higher concentrations of EPA and DHA. A more concentrated
product will generally allow you to ingest less total fish oil -- although
this may mean saving less than a gram (9 calories) of oil per daily serving.
Higher concentrations are not necessarily better for you. You can get the
same amount of EPA and DHA from both high and low concentration products as
long as you adjust the dose accordingly. To help you compare the
concentrations of products, refer to the fifth column in the results table
below, which provides the relative concentration of EPA and DHA in fish or
krill oil claimed in each product.
Relative Concentrations of EPA + DHA in Tested Products:
- Extremely high: 80% to 90%
- Very high: 65% to 79%
- High: 45% to 64%
- Moderate: 24% to 44%
- Low: 17% to 23%
- Very low: 8% to 16%
Most of the supplements were softgels and ranged in length from just under
one-half inch to over one inch in length. These are fairly large sizes
compared to capsules of other types of supplements. If you have trouble
swallowing large softgels, the fifth column of the results table also
includes descriptions of the pill size, shape and amount of EPA and DHA per
pill or unit. The tested softgels are grouped by length as follows:
Softgel Sizes by Length: (Oblong shape unless noted otherwise)
- Very large: over 25.4 mm (> 1 inch)
- Large: up to 25.4 mm (1 inch)
- Medium/Large: up to 19 mm (3/4 inch)
- Medium: up to 12.7 mm (1/2 inch)
Prices and Value:
To help you compare the cost of products and determine those that offer the
best value, the last column of the table below shows the cost to obtain 100
mg of EPA and/or DHA from each product based on the price we paid. After all
, it's not how much "oil" that matters, but how much actual EPA and/or DHA
you get. Keep in mind that prices may vary and your cost per serving will
typically be several times the amount shown in the table depending on how
large a dose of EPA and/or DHA you take -- which can range from as little as
100 mg to more than 5,000 mg per day (see Dosage information).
Among fish oil supplements, the cost to obtain 100 mg of EPA and/or DHA
varied widely -- from about 1 cent to 15 cents. Higher prices were not
associated with higher quality. Krill and algal oils were more expensive,
costing about 30 to 60 cents per 100 mg of EPA and/or DHA. A fairly standard
daily dose of 500 mg of quality-approved EPA + DHA could be had for as
little as 6 cents from a single softgel of Swanson EFA's Super EPA or 1/3 of
teaspoon of NSI Liquid Omega-3 Purified Fish Oil. For a penny more, nearly
700 mg of EPA and DHA was provided by an enteric coated softgel of Kirkland
Signature Enteric Coated Fish Oil Omega 3 (See Update). These three products
are indicated as "Best values" in the table below as they each offered the
lowest price among similar products to obtain an equal amount of quality-
approved EPA + DHA. Many other good products are available at reasonable
prices and some may offer features such as higher concentrations (permitting
smaller pills or liquid amounts) or flavorings.
The quality-approved children's products were moderately priced and were
flavored. Dr. Sears Go Fish Strawberry-Lemon Flavor was slightly less
expensive than OmegaBrite Kidz (Orange Cream or Tutti Frutti Flavor) for an
equivalent dose of EPA + DHA. However, OmegaBrite was twice as concentrated,
so you only need to give a quarter teaspoonful to provide the same amount
of EPA + DHA as you would get from a half teaspoonful of the Dr. Sears
product. Children can also use other approved products (the taste of fish
oil is fairly mild): You can squeeze the oil from a softgel onto a spoon if
swallowing a softgel is difficult.
Test Results by Product:
Listed alphabetically below are the test results for 41 supplements
containing omega-3 fatty acids. Twenty-four (24) of these were selected by
ConsumerLab.com for review. Seventeen (17) others (each indicated with an
asterisk) were tested at the request of their manufacturers/distributors
through CL's Voluntary Certification Program and are included for having
passed testing. Also listed is a product similar to one that passed testing
but sold under a different brand name. | | | t******2
发帖数: 2265 | 11 ding,
不过要鱼油的都是老头老太，怎么让他们游泳去呢？
principal
EPA
found
【在 t****u 的大作中提到】
: What It Is:
: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are two principal
: fatty acids found in fish and krill. They belong to a family of nutrients
: known as omega-3 fatty acids. DHA can also be obtained from other marine
: sources, such as algae (algal oil). EPA and DHA are polyunsaturated fats ("
: good" fats, as opposed to saturated fats which are thought to increase the
: risk of heart disease). The body can only manufacture limited amounts of EPA
: and DHA from the essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) -- found
: in flaxseed oil, canola oil, soy oil and walnut oil. For more information
: about ALA see the separate review covering ALA and GLA products.
| t****u
发帖数: 836 | 12 这个，那就多泡泡吧；温水澡也好啊；
一想到东北大冬天跳冰河里冬泳的老人家一个比一个精神，我就觉得游泳是个延年益寿
的好运动。
【在 t******2 的大作中提到】
: ding,
: 不过要鱼油的都是老头老太，怎么让他们游泳去呢？
:
: principal
: EPA
: found
| m**k
发帖数: 18660 | 13 苹果梨就是asian pear吧anyway.多跑跑就适应了。
omega三还是有好处wiki一下就知道了。
抗氧化啥的。
跑步的人还是容易stress身体，吃些抗氧化的比较好
水果蓝莓坚果蔬菜。平衡饮食
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 我现在每周消耗一箱韩国李，可惜没有发现肺功能有提升。
: 最近hmart的河北鸭梨不错，才99cents一磅，虽然比起新疆香梨差得多，但是比老美的
: 苹果梨好吃多了。
| s******s
发帖数: 13035 | 14 非也非也。苹果梨是苹果核梨的杂交，asian pear是类似砀山梨那种
不过更加细腻多汁
【在 m**k 的大作中提到】
: 苹果梨就是asian pear吧anyway.多跑跑就适应了。
: omega三还是有好处wiki一下就知道了。
: 抗氧化啥的。
: 跑步的人还是容易stress身体，吃些抗氧化的比较好
: 水果蓝莓坚果蔬菜。平衡饮食
| s******s
发帖数: 13035 | 15 老美的软梨也有好吃的。比如costco那种绿色的大梨，放软了
就会很多汁，勉强可吃。老美同事有一次送我一个自己种的小梨，
一咬一泡汁，就好像一个水球，彻底改变了我对老美面梨的印象
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 我现在每周消耗一箱韩国李，可惜没有发现肺功能有提升。
: 最近hmart的河北鸭梨不错，才99cents一磅，虽然比起新疆香梨差得多，但是比老美的
: 苹果梨好吃多了。
| x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | 16 多谢，专业啊。
principal
EPA
found
【在 t****u 的大作中提到】
: What It Is:
: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are two principal
: fatty acids found in fish and krill. They belong to a family of nutrients
: known as omega-3 fatty acids. DHA can also be obtained from other marine
: sources, such as algae (algal oil). EPA and DHA are polyunsaturated fats ("
: good" fats, as opposed to saturated fats which are thought to increase the
: risk of heart disease). The body can only manufacture limited amounts of EPA
: and DHA from the essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) -- found
: in flaxseed oil, canola oil, soy oil and walnut oil. For more information
: about ALA see the separate review covering ALA and GLA products.
| s*******e
发帖数: 15758 | 17 心血管病，fish oil＋Lecithin要一起吃，据说最大的副作用是导致皮肤干燥
老爸说他每次一停药，皮肤就光滑起来，而我坚信：他药不能停啊！！！！！
没病吃什么药呀？有病！ | x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | 18 你那个Lecithin是medication purpose的，我要的是support性质的，给我老的心脏
build的strong一点。
其实wsn把心脏弄好了是有很好处的，表白被拒后稳如泰山，直接把对方MM弄得很
desperate。
【在 s*******e 的大作中提到】
: 心血管病，fish oil＋Lecithin要一起吃，据说最大的副作用是导致皮肤干燥
: 老爸说他每次一停药，皮肤就光滑起来，而我坚信：他药不能停啊！！！！！
: 没病吃什么药呀？有病！
| s*******e
发帖数: 15758 | 19 哎，你还是一如既往的任何话题都要跟mm扯上关系，你是多爱m&m???
lecithin还不是可以support，是药三分毒，是毒七分药啊
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 你那个Lecithin是medication purpose的，我要的是support性质的，给我老的心脏
: build的strong一点。
: 其实wsn把心脏弄好了是有很好处的，表白被拒后稳如泰山，直接把对方MM弄得很
: desperate。
| x*********n
发帖数: 28013 | 20 单着太苦了，妈的白天受点委屈，回到家连个说话的人都没有。
知道为什么成功男人都会有女人么？因为这些人在心理上能获得support。
一个人漂久了，就会觉得很累，我搬新家也就是1年不到，纸盒子还堆得到处都是，不
要说下个月在哪里，就是明天在哪里都不知道。
【在 s*******e 的大作中提到】
: 哎，你还是一如既往的任何话题都要跟mm扯上关系，你是多爱m&m???
: lecithin还不是可以support，是药三分毒，是毒七分药啊
| | | m**k
发帖数: 18660 | 21 和心脏没关系，我跑步心跳不高，但是一看见警察车都害怕
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 你那个Lecithin是medication purpose的，我要的是support性质的，给我老的心脏
: build的strong一点。
: 其实wsn把心脏弄好了是有很好处的，表白被拒后稳如泰山，直接把对方MM弄得很
: desperate。
| C***1
发帖数: 2264 | 22 我天生胆固醇高，几个医生都让我吃。
【在 x*********n 的大作中提到】
: 能不能给我科普一下对心脏的作用？
: 据说，
: 有毛病的，是恶化。
: 没毛病的，是保护。
: 是这样么？
| d**********g
发帖数: 2014 | 23 有用吗？
我看你锻炼也很多，还是很高？
我太郁闷了，我也高，我吃的很健康，也做Cardio，还是降不下来。
【在 C***1 的大作中提到】
: 我天生胆固醇高，几个医生都让我吃。
|
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