s******n
发帖数: 518 | 1 2018-8-11 16:59
131
原作者: 萨姆·莱文（Sam T. Levin）；翻译校对：花果山 来自: 人们食物主权
食物主权按：草甘膦是农达除草剂的主要成分，主要配合抗草甘膦转基因作物使用，自
2015年被世卫组织下属的癌症研究机构(IARC)评定为2A级致癌物以后，美国有越来越多
的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者及其家属起诉其研发公司孟山都。第一起起诉孟山都农达产品致
癌案于7月9日开庭，历经了一个月的审讯，法庭最终判定孟山都公司对非霍奇金淋巴瘤
患者韦恩·约翰逊负责，并向他支付2.89亿美元赔偿金。庭审证据显示，孟山都公司几
十年来故意隐瞒草甘膦除草剂的危害，并聘请学术“枪手”帮助它持续鼓吹该化学品的
效用。目前美国已有数千起类似的法律诉讼，癌症幸存者或死者亲属被鼓励提出相似的
要求。
韦恩·约翰逊（DeWayne Johnson）上个月在旧金山的孟山都审判法庭中聆听审讯。
照片来源：Pool New / Reuters
孟山都遭受了重大打击，陪审团裁定该公司应对一位身患绝症的男子的癌症负责，并向
他支付2.89亿美元的赔偿金。
上周五，韦恩·约翰逊(Dewayne Johnson)，一位46岁的前任园丁，在这起具有里程碑
意义的案件中取得了巨大的胜利，陪审团判定孟山都的农达除草剂导致了他的癌症，但
该公司明知草甘膦致癌，却没有警告他暴露农达除草剂的可能健康危。陪审团还发现孟
山都的“恶意和压迫”行为。
在旧金山长达一个月的庭审过程中，约翰逊的律师辩称，孟山都多年来一直在“与科学
作对”，并将矛头对准了那些宣扬这种除草剂产品可能存在健康风险的学者。约翰逊是
第一位将这家农化公司告上法庭的人，该公司被指控以农达（Roundup）品牌出售的除
草剂会致癌。
孟山都公司被指责在几十年来隐瞒了农达除草剂的危险，该公司否认了这一说法。
照片来源：Benoit Tessier /路透社
这起具有里程碑意义的诉讼声称孟山都隐瞒了除草剂的致癌风险达几十年。
在美国已经有数千起类似的法律诉讼，约翰逊的案件尤其重要，因为因为法官允许原告
与被告双方的证人团队在庭上提出科学论据，互相对峙。争论集中在草甘膦上，草甘膦
是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂。一个月前，一名联邦法官裁定，癌症幸存者或死者亲属
可以在另一场审讯中提出类似要求。
在漫长的庭审过程中，原告律师提交了孟山都高管的内部电子邮件。他们表示，这些邮
件表明，孟山都一再无视专家的警告，寻求对其有利的科学分析，并帮助学术“枪手”
继续鼓吹草甘膦的效用。
孟山都一直认为草甘膦除草剂农达是安全的，与癌症无关。在审理期间，孟山都一直坚
持农达是安全的，与癌症无关，并提供了相关研究反驳约翰逊团队提交的研究和证词。
这种除草剂在130个国家注册，并被批准用于100多种作物，但在2015年，世界卫生组织
下属的国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将草甘膦列为“可能对人类有致癌性的物质”，引发了
一波法律和立法方面的挑战。
5月19日法国波尔多反孟山都行动。
照片来源：Mehdi Fedouach / AFP / Getty Images
现年46岁的约翰逊是三个孩子的父亲，他曾在旧金山北部郊区贝尼西亚的校区担任园丁
和虫害管理员。他从2012年开始任职，他在证词中说明了在学校操场上喷洒除草剂以控
制杂草，有时每天喷洒几个小时。
他认为接触这些化学物质导致了自己患上非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)，一种血细胞癌，站在
证人席上时，他谈到了他的疼痛和痛苦，因为他全身皮肤已损伤。
“我经历了很多痛苦，”“这真的把一切都从你身上夺走了……我一点都没有好转。”
他还作证说，孟山都不应该让他在学校附近使用除草剂。他说：“如果我知道这会对他
们造成伤害，我就不会在学校或周围喷洒那种产品。”
据他的医生说，约翰逊可能只有几个月的生命。他的妻子作证说，她不得不做两份工作
，有时每天工作14小时，来帮助支付医疗费用。
赔偿金包括过去和将来的经济损失和惩罚性赔偿。
另一起农达致癌的审讯计划于秋季在密苏里州的圣路易斯开始。根据约翰逊律师的说法
，孟山都公司在美国面临着超过3000起类似案件。 | s******n
发帖数: 518 | 2 original article:
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/aug/10/monsanto-trial-cancer-
dewayne-johnson-ruling
Monsanto ordered to pay $289m as jury rules weedkiller caused man's cancer
Court finds in favor of Dewayne Johnson, first person to take Roundup maker
to trial
Sam Levin in San Francisco and Patrick Greenfield
Sat 11 Aug 2018 07.34 EDT
First published on Fri 10 Aug 2018 18.38 EDT
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264,461
Dewayne Johnson listens during the Monsanto trial in San Francisco last
month.
DeWayne Johnson listens during the Monsanto trial in San Francisco last
month. Photograph: Reuters
Monsanto suffered a major blow with a jury ruling that the company was
liable for a terminally ill man’s cancer, awarding him $289m in damages.
Dewayne Johnson, a 46-year-old former groundskeeper, won a huge victory in
the landmark case on Friday, with the jury determining that Monsanto’s
Roundup weedkiller caused his cancer and that the corporation failed to warn
him of the health hazards from exposure. The jury further found that
Monsanto “acted with malice or oppression”.
Johnson’s lawyers argued over the course of a month-long trial in San
Francisco that Monsanto had “fought science” for years and targeted
academics who spoke up about possible health risks of the herbicide product.
Johnson was the first person to take the agrochemical corporation to trial
over allegations that the chemical sold under the brand Roundup causes
cancer.
In the extraordinary verdict, which Monsanto said it intends to appeal, the
jury ruled that the company was responsible for “negligent failure” and
knew or should have known that its product was “dangerous”.
“We were finally able to show the jury the secret, internal Monsanto
documents proving that Monsanto has known for decades that ... Roundup could
cause cancer,” Johnson’s lawyer Brent Wisner said in a statement. The
verdict, he added, sent a “message to Monsanto that its years of deception
regarding Roundup is over and that they should put consumer safety first
over profits”.
Landmark lawsuit claims Monsanto hid cancer danger of weedkiller for decades
Read more
Speaking in San Francisco on Friday, Johnson said that the jury’s verdict
is far bigger than his lawsuit. He said he hopes the case bolsters the
thousands of similar lawsuits pending against the company and brings
national attention to the issue.
Johnson’s case was particularly significant because a judge allowed his
team to present scientific arguments. The dispute centered on glyphosate,
which is the world’s most widely used herbicide. The verdict came a month
after a federal judge ruled that cancer survivors or relatives of the
deceased could bring similar claims forward in another trial.
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During the lengthy trial, the plaintiff’s attorneys brought forward
internal emails from Monsanto executives that they said demonstrated how the
corporation repeatedly ignored experts’ warnings, sought favorable
scientific analyses and helped to “ghostwrite” research that encouraged
continued usage.
Monsanto has long argued that Roundup is safe and not linked to cancer and
presented studies during trial that countered the research and testimony
submitted by Johnson’s team. The herbicide is registered in 130 countries
and approved for use on more than 100 crops, but in 2015, the World Health
Organization’s international agency for research on cancer (IARC)
classified glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans”, triggering a
wave of legal and legislative challenges.
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you
Read more
After the trial, Scott Partridge, the vice-president of Monsanto, rejected
any link between glyphosate and cancer, insisting the “verdict doesn’t
change the four-plus decades of safe use and science behind the product”.
Partridge said the IARC, whose evidence was key in persuading the jury of
the link between glyphosate and cancer, “has been demonstrated as having
been corrupted”, asserting the organisation does “no testing, they do no
analysis, they have no laboratories, they simply render an opinion”.
Speaking to the BBC Radio 4’s Today show on Saturday, Partridge expressed
sympathy for Johnson but continued to dispute the evidence used in the trial.
He said the internal company emails, which were used by Johnson’s attorney
as evidence the agrochemical firm had rejected critical research and expert
warnings about the weedkiller, had been “taken completely out of context”.
Monsanto has long argued that Roundup is safe and not linked to cancer.
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Monsanto has long argued that Roundup is safe and not linked to cancer.
Photograph: Jeff Roberson/AP
Johnson, 46, is a father of three who worked as a groundskeeper and pest
manager for the school district in Benicia, a suburb just north of San
Francisco. That position began in 2012, and he testified that it involved
him spraying herbicide to control weeds on school grounds, sometimes for
several hours a day.
He argued that his exposure to the chemicals caused non-Hodgkin lymphoma (
NHL), a blood cell cancer, and when he took the stand, he discussed his pain
and suffering as skin lesions took over his body.
“I’ve been going through a lot of pain,” Johnson, who goes by the name
Lee, testified weeks earlier. “It really takes everything out of you … I’
m not getting any better.”
He also testified that Monsanto should not have let him use the herbicide
near schoolchildren, saying: “I never would’ve sprayed that product on
school grounds or around people if I knew it would cause them harm.”
Johnson may have just months to live, according to his doctors. His wife
testified that she has had to work two jobs, sometimes with 14-hour days, to
help pay for the medical bills.
The financial award included past and future economic losses and punitive
damages.
Another Roundup cancer trial is scheduled to begin in the fall in St Louis,
Missouri. According to Johnson’s lawyers, Monsanto is facing more than 4,
000 similar cases across the US. | d******a
发帖数: 32122 | 3 这个人是个园丁，喷洒农药的，和普通人吃转基因食物不是一回事。
所谓草甘膦“2A级致癌物”，猪牛羊肉 热饮料 理发师这个职业也是2A级致癌
混合物
矿物杂酚油
高温油炸
热马黛茶（超过65℃）
家庭室内燃烧生物燃料（主要为木头）
非砷类杀虫剂（职业喷洒和使用）
多氯联苯
红肉[1]
热饮料（超过65℃）[2]
接触场合
工艺玻璃、玻璃容器和冲压器皿制造
石墨电极制造
含碳化钨的钴金属
理发师（作为职业）
石油精炼（职业接触）
日晒床
輪班所导致的生理节奏紊乱
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 2018-8-11 16:59
: 131
: 原作者: 萨姆·莱文（Sam T. Levin）；翻译校对：花果山 来自: 人们食物主权
: 食物主权按：草甘膦是农达除草剂的主要成分，主要配合抗草甘膦转基因作物使用，自
: 2015年被世卫组织下属的癌症研究机构(IARC)评定为2A级致癌物以后，美国有越来越多
: 的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者及其家属起诉其研发公司孟山都。第一起起诉孟山都农达产品致
: 癌案于7月9日开庭，历经了一个月的审讯，法庭最终判定孟山都公司对非霍奇金淋巴瘤
: 患者韦恩·约翰逊负责，并向他支付2.89亿美元赔偿金。庭审证据显示，孟山都公司几
: 十年来故意隐瞒草甘膦除草剂的危害，并聘请学术“枪手”帮助它持续鼓吹该化学品的
: 效用。目前美国已有数千起类似的法律诉讼，癌症幸存者或死者亲属被鼓励提出相似的
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 4 转基因作物就要靠这些致癌的除草化学物质来除去杂草，但是本身可以抵抗，所以转基
因作物是依赖草甘膦的。
草甘膦本身致癌，被草甘膦喷洒的转基因作物是否致癌？这个很可能性很高。
这个判罚已经确定草甘膦致癌了。不要再拿猪牛羊肉热饮料扯淡了。
【在 d******a 的大作中提到】
: 这个人是个园丁，喷洒农药的，和普通人吃转基因食物不是一回事。
: 所谓草甘膦“2A级致癌物”，猪牛羊肉 热饮料 理发师这个职业也是2A级致癌
: 混合物
: 矿物杂酚油
: 高温油炸
: 热马黛茶（超过65℃）
: 家庭室内燃烧生物燃料（主要为木头）
: 非砷类杀虫剂（职业喷洒和使用）
: 多氯联苯
: 红肉[1]
| d******a
发帖数: 32122 | 5 根据你们反转们津津乐道的那个2A级别致癌列表
专业喷洒草甘膦的致癌性，和吃猪牛羊肉以及喝热饮料是一个类别的
至于食物洗干净后农药残留物，并没有被那个列表承认致癌
判罚能说明什么？辛普森还被判无罪呢。
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 转基因作物就要靠这些致癌的除草化学物质来除去杂草，但是本身可以抵抗，所以转基
: 因作物是依赖草甘膦的。
: 草甘膦本身致癌，被草甘膦喷洒的转基因作物是否致癌？这个很可能性很高。
: 这个判罚已经确定草甘膦致癌了。不要再拿猪牛羊肉热饮料扯淡了。
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 6 草甘膦比那些2A级别的危险的多，它的级别应该升高
check this out:
https://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/toxic-tort-law/monsanto-roundup-lawsuit/where
-is-glyphosate-banned/
Where is Glyphosate Banned?
Glyphosate Banned
Share This Page
Monsanto to Pay $289.2 Million in Landmark Roundup Lawsuit Verdict
Updated July 2018
A number of cities, counties, states and countries throughout the world have
taken steps to either restrict or ban glyphosate, the active ingredient in
Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer.
The following countries have issued outright bans on glyphosate, imposed
restrictions or have issued statements of intention to ban or restrict
glyphosate-based herbicides, including Roundup, over health concerns and the
ongoing Roundup cancer litigation:
Argentina: Over 30,000 health care professionals advocated for a
glyphosate ban following the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s
(IARC) report on glyphosate, which concluded the chemical is probably
carcinogenic to humans. More than 400 towns and cities in Argentina have
passed measures restricting glyphosate use.
Australia: Numerous municipalities and school districts throughout the
country are currently testing alternative herbicides in an effort to curtail
or eliminate glyphosate use. Many use steam technology for weed control on
streets and in other public areas.
Belgium: Banned the individual use of glyphosate. In 2017, Belgium voted
against relicensing glyphosate in the EU. The country was also one of six
EU member states to sign a letter to the EU Commission calling for “an exit
plan for glyphosate…” The city of Brussels banned the use of glyphosate
within its territory as part of its “zero pesticides” policy.
Bermuda: Outlawed private and commercial sale of all glyphosate-based
herbicides. In 2017, the government relaxed its ban on glyphosate, allowing
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to import restricted
concentrations of glyphosate for managing roadside weed overgrowth.
Brazil: In August of 2018, a federal judge in Brasilia ruled that new
products containing glyphosate could not be registered in the country.
Existing regulations concerning glyphosate were also suspended, pending a
government reevaluation of toxicological data. The ruling is significant, as
glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup are widely used in Brazil for GMO
soy and other crops. Brazil is the largest exporter of soybeans in the world.
Canada: Eight out of the 10 provinces in Canada have some form of
restriction on the use of non-essential cosmetic pesticides, including
glyphosate. Vancouver has banned public and private use of glyphosate, aside
from the treatment of invasive weeds.
Colombia: In 2015, Colombia outlawed the use of glyphosate to destroy
illegal plantations of coca, the raw ingredient for cocaine, out of concern
that glyphosate causes cancer. However, in January of 2017, the country
reinstituted its controversial glyphosate fumigation program for coca.
Unlike the previous program, which used aerial fumigation, the new program
consists of manual spraying from the ground.
Denmark: The Danish Working Environment Authority declared glyphosate to
be carcinogenic and has recommended a change to less toxic chemicals.
Aalborg, one of the largest cities in Denmark, issued private-use glyphosate
ban in September of 2017. In July of 2018, the Danish government
implemented new rules banning the use of glyphosate on all post-emergent
crops to avoid residues on foods.
El Salvador: Banned glyphosate over links to deadly kidney disease.
England: A number of townships, including Brighton, Frensham,
Hammersmith & Fulham, Bristol, Glastonbury, Frome, Erewash, North Somerset,
Lewes and Wadebridge have voted to institute restrictions on pesticides and
herbicides, including glyphosate.
France: In November of 2017, President Emmanuel Macron announced that
France would issue an outright ban on glyphosate within the next three years.
Germany: In January of 2018, Germany’s coalition government agreed to
begin the process of banning glyphosate. Certain retail stores in Germany
have also pulled glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup from shelves.
Greece: Greece was one of nine EU countries to vote against relicensing
glyphosate in November of 2017. The country was also one of six EU member
states to sign a 2018 letter to the European Commission calling for “an
exit plan for glyphosate…” According to Greek Minister of Agricultural
Development Evangelos Apostolou, “[i]t is our duty to push in the direction
of risk management, in the interests of consumers, producers and the
environment.” In March of 2018, the Greek government approved a five-year
license for Monsanto’s Roundup against the wishes of Greek
environmentalists.
Italy: Italy’s Ministry of Health placed a number of restrictions on
glyphosate use. Italian legislators have also raised concerns about
glyphosate safety, and have come out against relicensing the herbicide in
the European Union. In 2016, the Italian government banned the use of
glyphosate as a pre-harvest treatment and placed restrictions on glyphosate
use in areas frequented by the public. In November of 2017, Italy was one of
seven EU nations to vote against relicensing glyphosate.
Luxembourg: One of Luxembourg’s largest supermarket chains removed
glyphosate from its shelves following the release of the IARC glyphosate
report. Luxembourg was one of nine EU countries to vote against relicensing
glyphosate in November of 2017, and in early 2018, the country signed a
letter to the EU Commission calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…“
Malta: Malta began the process of instituting countrywide ban of
glyphosate. However, Environment Minister José Herrera backtracked in
January of 2017, saying the country would continue to oppose glyphosate in
discussions but would fall in line with the European Union and wait for
further studies. In November of 2017, Malta was one of nine EU countries to
vote against relicensing glyphosate. The country also signed a letter to the
EU Commission in 2018 calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…“
Netherlands: Banned all non-commercial use of glyphosate.
New Zealand: The cities of Auckland and Christchurch passed resolutions
to reduce the usage of chemicals for weed and pest control in public places.
The Physicians and Scientists for Global Responsibility, a New Zealand
charitable trust, called for a glyphosate ban in 2015.
Portugal: Prohibits the use of glyphosate in all public spaces.
President of the Portuguese Medical Association has also called for a
worldwide ban of glyphosate.
Scotland: Aberdeen cut back its use of herbicides and Edinburgh’s City
Council voted to phase out glyphosate. In November of 2017, five of Scotland
’s six EU parliamentarians voted in favor of a motion that would phase out
glyphosate by 2022.
Slovenia: Slovenia was one of six EU member states to sign a 2018 letter
to the European Commission citing “concerns” about the risks associated
with glyphosate. The letter called upon the Commission to introduce “an
exit plan for glyphosate…”
Spain: According to Kistiñe Garcia of the Spanish NGO, Ecologistas
en Acción, Barcelona, Madrid, Zaragoza and the region of Extremuda have
decided to ban glyphosate. The regions of La Rioja (major Spanish wine
region) and Aragon have also approved motions against endocrine disrupting
chemicals, which includes glyphosate.
Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka was the first country to issue a nationwide ban on
glyphosate. However, in 2018, the government decided to lift the ban due to
crop losses and overgrowing weeds.
Sweden: Raised concerns about glyphosate safety and has pushed against
relicensing the herbicide in the EU. In 2017, the Swedish Chemicals Agency (
SCA) announced it was planning to tighten rules on private use of plant
protection products. Under the plan, private users would only be allowed to
use products containing “low-risk substances.” According to the SCA,
glyphosate is an example of an active substance not expected to be included
among low-risk substances, meaning in due time, private consumers may not be
permitted to use herbicides containing glyphosate.
Switzerland: Concerned about public wellbeing, the Swiss supermarket
chains Migros and Coop removed glyphosate-based products from their shelves
due to health risks. In 2017, the Green party put forth a plan to ban
glyphosate in Switzerland. The proposed plan was rejected by the Federal
Council, Switzerland’s executive.
farmer-in-field-img
Why is Glyphosate Banned?
Most of the glyphosate restrictions or bans throughout the world were
introduced following the 2015 IARC report on glyphosate. The IARC report
concluded that glyphosate is a “probable human carcinogen.”
According to the report, the cancers most associated with glyphosate
exposure were found to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematopoietic
cancers. The report further concluded that glyphosate exposure caused DNA
and chromosomal damage in human cells, as well as genotoxic, hormonal and
enzymatic effects in mammals.
Other glyphosate studies have linked the chemical to a number of health
issues, including, but not limited to ADHD, Alzheimer’s Disease, Autism,
Birth Defects, various forms of cancer, Celiac Disease, Colitis, Heart
Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome, Kidney Disease, Liver Disease, and
Parkinson’s Disease.
Is Glyphosate Banned in Europe?
As you can see above, some individual countries have introduced legislation
to ban or restrict private sales of glyphosate, or restrictions on spraying
glyphosate in public spaces. As for the whole of the European Union (EU),
glyphosate is not currently banned.
However, EU public opinion is leaning in favor of a glyphosate ban. In a
2016 poll of the five largest EU countries, over 66 percent of respondents
said they favored a glyphosate ban. Over 1.3 million people signed a
petition in 2017 calling for a European ban of glyphosate. That public
pressure caught the attention numerous Members of European Parliament, who
have cited the petition as the foundation for instituting an EU ban.
In November of 2017, EU member states narrowly voted to relicense glyphosate
for a period of five years. The vote was not without controversy; German
Agriculture Minister Christian Schmidt (CSU) entered a ‘yes’ vote for his
country without consulting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) on the
matter. His unilateral vote disregarded Germany’s Environment Minister,
who had instructed Schmidt to abstain from voting. With Germany’s vote, the
measure narrowly passed and glyphosate received a new license.
Following the scandal, six EU countries sent a letter to the European
Commission, calling for an exit plan for glyphosate. France and Italy have
stated they will carry out glyphosate bans by 2020, and Germany announced in
2018 that it will also issue a glyphosate ban.
Is Glyphosate Banned in the United States?
Despite the IARC report’s 2015 conclusion that glyphosate is a probable
human carcinogen, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains
that glyphosate is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. As such,
glyphosate is not banned by the U.S. government; Roundup and other
glyphosate-based herbicides are readily available for purchase throughout
the country.
However, not everyone agrees with the EPA’s conclusion on glyphosate. A
number of cities, counties and even one U.S. state have issued bans,
restrictions or warnings on glyphosate as a result of the ongoing health
concerns.
Is Glyphosate Banned in California?
California has not issued a statewide ban on glyphosate. However, on July 7,
2017, California became the first state in the nation to issue a warning on
glyphosate by adding the chemical to the state’s Proposition 65 list of
chemicals and substances known to cause cancer.
California’s decision to warn consumers about glyphosate was pursuant to
the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act,
better known as California Proposition 65, a ballot initiative approved by
voters in 1986 to address toxic chemical exposure concerns. Prop 65 requires
California to publish a list of chemicals known to cause cancer, birth
defects or other reproductive harm.
u.s. glyphosate bans or restrictions
U.S. Cities to Restrict or Ban Glyphosate
California
Burbank, California – City Council members voted to discontinue the use
of Roundup in city parks for one year, and Burbank Unified School District
will no longer use the herbicide due to cancer concerns.
Carlsbad, California – The City Council voted unanimously to adopt a
policy that makes organic pesticides the preferred method for killing weeds.
“Asked to choose between aesthetics and public health…I’m going to
choose public health every time,” said Councilwoman Cori Schumacher.
Encinitas, California – Banned the use of Roundup and other glyphosate-
based weed killers in city parks.
Irvine, California – City Council passed resolution to cease spraying
Roundup and other chemicals on public parks, streets and playgrounds.
Petaluma, California – City officials are considering a ban on
glyphosate for use in public parks.
Richmond, California – Issued an ordinance to ban the use of glyphosate
for all weed abatement activities conducted by the city.
Thousand Oaks, California – City instituted a ban on glyphosate use on
public golf courses.
Colorado
Boulder, Colorado – Banned Roundup for use on city parks.
Durango, Colorado – Instituted an Organically Managed Lands program to
minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Connecticut
A growing number of Connecticut towns, including Branford, Cheshire, Granby,
Essex, Greenwich, Manchester, Plainville, Roxbury, Watertown, and
Woodbridge have adopted bans or restrictions on glyphosate use. The state
also has Public Act 09-56 to eliminate the use pesticides in K-8 schools.
Florida
North Miami, Florida – City Council approved a plan calling for the
gradual reduction of pesticide use on city property and a study on
alternative pesticides.
Illinois
Chicago, Illinois – The city stopped spraying glyphosate in public
spaces.
Evanston, Illinois – Evanston decided to go pesticide-free in 2010.
Glyphosate is banned from use on city property, parks and schools.
Iowa
Dubuque, Iowa – City instituted a ban on glyphosate use in public parks.
Maryland
Montgomery County, Maryland – County Council voted to ban the use of
cosmetic pesticides on private lawns.
Takoma Park, Maryland – Placed restriction on cosmetic pesticides for
lawn care on public and private property.
Maine
Dozens of cities and townships in Maine have adopted local ordinances
restricting or banning pesticides and herbicides.
South Portland, Maine – Passed a pesticide plan that discourages
property owners from using certain pesticides and herbicides.
Massachusetts
Marblehead, Massachusetts – Created Organic Pest Management program to
phase out pesticides and herbicides.
Warwick, Massachusetts – A measure to ban Monsanto’s Roundup passed at
a Special Town Meeting. The ban does not allow people to spray glyphosate
on any land within the town.
Wellesley, Massachusetts – Wellesley banned all pesticides in 2011.
Glyphosate is restricted from being sprayed on athletic fields and any city-
owned property. The chemical can be used in limited emergency weed control
situations.
Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota – Commissioners of the Minneapolis Parks and
Recreation Board decided to eliminate all glyphosate-based products from
being used in neighborhood parks.
Nevada
Reno, Nevada – The city initiated a pesticide free pilot program.
New Mexico
Taos County, New Mexico – Taos County Commissioners are considering the
possibility of banning all pesticides, including glyphosate.
New Jersey
New Jersey has State and local ordinances encouraging Integrated Pest
Management programs to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides
. At least 15 city school districts and over a dozen other parks and
recreation departments in the state have enacted IPM programs.
New York
New York’s Park and Recreation Department has measures to eliminate or
reduce pesticide and herbicide use in areas under its control.
New Paltz, New York – The use of toxic pesticides and herbicides by
city employees or by private contractors is forbidden on all city-owned
lands.
Rockland County, New York – Created a Non-Toxic Pesticide program,
mandating the use of natural, non-toxic, or as a last resort with prior
approval, the least toxic pesticide use.
Westchester County, New York – Enacted a law for pesticide-free parks.
North Carolina
Carrboro, North Carolina – The city of Carrboro has restricted
glyphosate use since 1999. Under the terms of the ban, glyphosate cannot be
sprayed in public parks, schools and town buildings or properties. The city
will only allow glyphosate to be sprayed under limited circumstances.
Ohio
Cuyahoga County, Ohio – Local ordinance prohibits the use of pesticides
on county-owned land, and established the adoption of an Integrated Pest
Management program for county-owned properties.
Oregon
Portland, Oregon – Since 1988, Portland has restricted the use of
Roundup to emergency use only. Glyphosate is banned on all city-owned
property.
Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia – Restricts the use of glyphosate on any city
-owned parks, schools, or buildings. Glyphosate can only be sprayed under
limited circumstances.
【在 d******a 的大作中提到】
: 根据你们反转们津津乐道的那个2A级别致癌列表
: 专业喷洒草甘膦的致癌性，和吃猪牛羊肉以及喝热饮料是一个类别的
: 至于食物洗干净后农药残留物，并没有被那个列表承认致癌
: 判罚能说明什么？辛普森还被判无罪呢。
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 7 Most of the glyphosate restrictions or bans throughout the world were
introduced following the 2015 IARC report on glyphosate. The IARC report
concluded that glyphosate is a “probable human carcinogen.”
According to the report, the cancers most associated with glyphosate
exposure were found to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematopoietic
cancers. The report further concluded that glyphosate exposure caused DNA
and chromosomal damage in human cells, as well as genotoxic, hormonal and
enzymatic effects in mammals.
Other glyphosate studies have linked the chemical to a number of health
issues, including, but not limited to ADHD, Alzheimer’s Disease, Autism,
Birth Defects, various forms of cancer, Celiac Disease, Colitis, Heart
Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome, Kidney Disease, Liver Disease, and
Parkinson’s Disease. | l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 8 尼玛作者逻辑混乱啊.
草甘膦除草剂致癌就算是真的, 那个和转基因产品有什么关系? 转基因产品本身有问题
吗? | s******n
发帖数: 518 | 9 无知的人太多
转基因产品就是为了适应草甘膦除草剂而诞生的。
monsanto先生产了草甘膦，之后发展转基因，让草甘膦无法杀死转基因产品，但是可以
杀死杂草。
【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 尼玛作者逻辑混乱啊.
: 草甘膦除草剂致癌就算是真的, 那个和转基因产品有什么关系? 转基因产品本身有问题
: 吗?
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 10 The promise of genetic modification was twofold: By making crops immune to
the effects of weedkillers and inherently resistant to many pests, they
would grow so robustly that they would become indispensable to feeding the
world’s growing population, while also requiring fewer applications of
sprayed pesticides.
【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 尼玛作者逻辑混乱啊.
: 草甘膦除草剂致癌就算是真的, 那个和转基因产品有什么关系? 转基因产品本身有问题
: 吗?
| | | s******n
发帖数: 518 | 11 美国农业部的数据还显示，在过去20年里，美国转基因的主要作物大豆的除草剂使用量
增长了2.5倍，而种植面积仅增加了不到三分之一。在转基因玉米投入商品化种植前，
美国玉米的除草剂消耗量正在逐年减少，但是转基因玉米一出，从2002年到2010年，除
草剂使用量几乎翻番。
文章援引俄亥俄大学一位研究农药和环境风险的退休专家Joseph Kovach说，出现这些
结果并不奇怪，这些转基因品种就是为了让作物能够抵抗除草剂，而企业开发这些品种
的动机则是：“卖掉更多的除草剂”。
【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 尼玛作者逻辑混乱啊.
: 草甘膦除草剂致癌就算是真的, 那个和转基因产品有什么关系? 转基因产品本身有问题
: 吗?
| d******a
发帖数: 32122 | 12 专业喷洒草甘膦，和吃猪牛羊肉，当理发师的致癌性质一个级别 句号
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 无知的人太多
: 转基因产品就是为了适应草甘膦除草剂而诞生的。
: monsanto先生产了草甘膦，之后发展转基因，让草甘膦无法杀死转基因产品，但是可以
: 杀死杂草。
| l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 13 但你还是不能证明转基因产品本身有问题啊. 就算草甘膦有问题也不能证明转基因产品
有问题. 两码事
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 无知的人太多
: 转基因产品就是为了适应草甘膦除草剂而诞生的。
: monsanto先生产了草甘膦，之后发展转基因，让草甘膦无法杀死转基因产品，但是可以
: 杀死杂草。
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 14 你是不是要抱着这个某年某日制定的未必准确的级别一辈子？
【在 d******a 的大作中提到】
: 专业喷洒草甘膦，和吃猪牛羊肉，当理发师的致癌性质一个级别 句号
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 15 １。草甘膦肯定是导致癌症的，这么多案例已经说明了一点
２。草甘膦对转基因作物上的残留物，对转基因食品肯定有影响。这个影响力有多大，
是一个正在争论的焦点问题。
３。存在这对转基因食品安全的负面的研究结果，但是有些受到monsanto及其关系密切
的科研人员和机构打压，比如Séralini affair
4。最近又有一个研究结果：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576918302467
Abstract
Cry1Ac toxin, from Bacillus thuringiensis, is widely used as a biopesticide
and expressed in genetically modified (GM) plants used for human and animal
consumption. Since Cry1Ac is also immunogenic and able to activate
macrophages, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate the immunological effects
elicited after intra-gastric administration. The allergenic potential of
purified Cry1Ac was assessed and compared with that induced in a murine
model of food-allergy to ovalbumin (OVA), in which animals are sensitized
with the adjuvant Cholera toxin (CT). Mice were weekly intragastrically
administered with: i) vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ii) OVA, iii)
OVA plus CT iv) Cry1Ac or v) OVA plus Cry1Ac. Seven weeks after, mice were
intragastrically challenged and allergic reactions along with diverse
allergy related immunological parameters were evaluated at systemic and
intestinal level. The groups immunized with, Cry1Ac, OVA/Cry1Ac or OVA/CT
developed moderate allergic reactions, induced significant IgE response and
increased frequencies of intestinal granulocytes, IgE+ eosinophils and IgE+
lymphocytes. These same groups also showed colonic lymphoid hyperplasia,
notably in humans, this has been associated with food allergy and intestinal
inflammation. Although the adjuvant and allergenic potential of CT were
higher than the effects of Cry1Ac, the results show that applied intra-
gastrically at 50 μg doses, Cry1Ac is immunogenic, moderately
allergenic and able to provoke intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia. Moreover,
Cry1Ac is also able to induce anaphylaxis, since when mice were
intragastrically sensitized with increasing doses of Cry1Ac, with every dose
tested, a significant drop in rectal temperature was recorded after
intravenous challenge.
这个研究表明，一种转基因常用物质，Bt toxin Cry1Ac,当用于老鼠实验时，发现会引
起免疫和过敏反应， 结肠淋巴组织增生。
【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 但你还是不能证明转基因产品本身有问题啊. 就算草甘膦有问题也不能证明转基因产品
: 有问题. 两码事
| d******a
发帖数: 32122 | 16 这个级别不是你们拿来坑蒙读者的吗？
你既然拿出来了，我就把原文贴出来
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: 你是不是要抱着这个某年某日制定的未必准确的级别一辈子？
| l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 17 切, 现在欧洲都开始放开用转基因农作物了. 你这种螳臂当车,没戏的.
biopesticide
animal
【在 s******n 的大作中提到】
: １。草甘膦肯定是导致癌症的，这么多案例已经说明了一点
: ２。草甘膦对转基因作物上的残留物，对转基因食品肯定有影响。这个影响力有多大，
: 是一个正在争论的焦点问题。
: ３。存在这对转基因食品安全的负面的研究结果，但是有些受到monsanto及其关系密切
: 的科研人员和机构打压，比如Séralini affair
: 4。最近又有一个研究结果：
: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576918302467
: Abstract
: Cry1Ac toxin, from Bacillus thuringiensis, is widely used as a biopesticide
: and expressed in genetically modified (GM) plants used for human and animal
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 18 你还是你半年前贴的那个吧？
if yes, you do not need to. I know what you said.
【在 d******a 的大作中提到】
: 这个级别不是你们拿来坑蒙读者的吗？
: 你既然拿出来了，我就把原文贴出来
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 19 又无知了吧。
越来越多的国家，特别是欧洲国家，开始禁止转基因种植。
wiki:
In October 2015, Bulgaria announced it has opted out of growing genetically
modified crops, effectively banning the cultivation of different types of
GMO corn and soybeans.[56]
On September 17, 2015 the French government announced it would effectively
continue to ban GMO crops by enacting an "opt-out" provision, previously
agreed to for the 28 EU member states in March 2015, by asking the European
Commission for France to extend the GMO ban on nine additional strains of
maize. The policy announcement was made simultaneously by the French farm
and environment ministries.[64]
In August 2015 Germany announced to ban genetically modified crops.[68]
In September 2015, Northern Ireland announced a ban on genetically modified
crops.[69]
https://gmo.geneticliteracyproject.org/FAQ/where-are-gmos-grown-and-banned/
Countries growing GMO crops are: Brazil, United States, Canada, South Africa
, Australia, Bolivia, Philippines, Spain, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Colombia,
Honduras, Chile, Sudan, Slovakia, Costa Rica, China, India, Argentina,
Paraguay, Uruguay, Mexico, Portugal, Czech Republic, Pakistan and Myanmar.
On the flipside, there are dozens of nations that prohibit the cultivation
of GMO crops, though estimates vary. For example, a 2013 article in the
Nation states that 26 countries had total or partial bans on GMOs, “
including Switzerland, Australia, Austria, China, India, France, Germany,
Hungary, Luxembourg, Greece, Bulgaria, Poland, Italy, Mexico and Russia,”
and that “significant restrictions on GMOs exist in about sixty other
countries.” In 2015, anti-GMO group Sustainable Pulse said that 38
countries ban the cultivation of GMO crops. The group’s list includes
Algeria and Madagascar in Africa; Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan, and Saudi
Arabia in Asia; Belize, Peru, Ecuador, and Venezuela in South and Central
America; and 28 countries in Europe.
【在 l****z 的大作中提到】
: 切, 现在欧洲都开始放开用转基因农作物了. 你这种螳臂当车,没戏的.
:
: biopesticide
: animal
| s******n
发帖数: 518 | 20 问题的关键是，科学上根本就没有证明现有的GMO是否安全。
一个著名的例子就是用GMO玉米喂老鼠，６个月，与其他不畏的老鼠无重大差别。文章
发表，就说GMO无害了。
从科学角度看，这非常不严谨。因为６个月时间太短，而且人和老鼠有巨大不同。
后来有人用同样的老鼠和玉米，做了２年的实验，结果惊人：得癌症的比例升高。
但是GMO公司是打击这些研究的，而且和政府结合在一起，管商勾结，到处贩卖GMO。
问题的复杂性是多方面的。
１。科学上根本就没有证明现有的GMO是否安全
２。GMO公司有巨大的商业利益
３。GMO是美国资本家实现全球霸权的一个手段。当一个国家依赖美国GMO的时候，它就
可以行使任何霸权，如同美国对待中兴通讯一样。 |
|
