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Recalling Instructions from Idling Threads to Maximize Resource Utilization
for Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) Processors
Abstract
Simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) has been a very popular design in
improving resource utilization by sharing key datapath components among
multiple independent threads. When critical resources are shared by multiple
threads, effective use of these resources proves to be the most
important factor in fully exploiting the system potential. Allowing any of
the threads to overwhelm these shared resources not only leads to unfair
thread processing but may also result in severely degraded overall
performance. How to prevent idling threads from clogging the critical
resources in the pipeline becomes a must in sustaining desired system
performance. In this paper, we show that, if one can manage to recall
instructions of idling threads from Issue Queue (IQ), a very important
shared resource in the SMT pipeline, the system performance is easily
enhanced by a significant margin, with up to 20% for some benchmark mixes.
An even more noteworthy feature about this technique is that
the ensuing hardware overhead is very insignificant and its effect on clock
timing is also negligible. In addition, this proposed feature can also be
easily coupled with other advanced techniques employed
in other stages of the SMT pipeline for potentially additive benefits. |
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