a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 1 在另外一贴看到说脑是一个复杂的器官,无独有偶,看到这新闻,就转一下。就不翻译
了。
5 Ways You're Killing Your Brain Cells
http://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/5-ways-youre-killing-yo
Contrary to popular belief, we don’t have a limited supply of brain cells.
Sure, the majority of them grow early in life, but some areas of the brain
continue to grow them into adulthood and beyond — a process called
neurogenesis. The hippocampus is one of these areas, and it’s also among
the most important areas of the brain, playing roles in memory, emotion, and
learning. But as we grow older, a number of factors compete with
neurogenesis and kill brain cells. No, they’re not smoking weed and
drinking alcohol; instead, they’re a little more common than you might
expect. Here are seven of them.
1. Losing Sleep
The National Sleep Foundation recommends most adults get between seven and
nine hours of sleep every night, and for good reason. This gives our brains
sufficient time to move through the sleep stages, which gradually become
deeper, and end in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep before starting all over
again.
Getting to REM sleep is important because it’s during this time that the
brain is working hard both to keep us asleep — by causing paralysis in
limbs during dream states, for example — while also activating brain
regions responsible for learning. This is when memories are consolidated and
stored, and energy levels are replenished. With that said, it’s not
surprising that someone who consistently loses sleep will have a harder time
concentrating, making decisions, and engaging themselves in both learning
and social situations.
A study from last year shows how these effects fall in line with brain
damage; it found the neurons in the energy-producing region of the brain
called the locus coeruleus (LC) began to die from extended wakefulness.
Without these cells to produce energy, our bodies are unable to function
properly the next day. Another study found sleep deprivation could cause
shrinkage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, especially in adults over
60 years old, suggesting that sleep becomes ever more important as we age.
2. Smoking
Over 42 million adults smoke cigarettes in the United States; that’s nearly
one in five people. And with each drag, they’re inhaling over 7,000 toxic
chemicals, 69 of which have been shown to cause cancer. Smoking causes a
whole range of other diseases, too, from chronic bronchitis to emphysema, to
heart disease and stroke.
Stroke, in itself, has been shown to cause brain damage, but with all these
toxins, there’s bound to be at least one that specifically affects the
brain, right? It turns out there are several of them. In a 2002 study from
France’s National Institute for Health and Medical Research, scientists
found nicotine-addicted rats generated 50 percent fewer neurons in the
hippocampus’s dentate gyrus. Those that took higher doses of nicotine also
experienced the most brain cell death. If that isn’t bad enough, another
study from India found a compound in cigarettes, called NNK, could cause an
exaggerated response in the brain’s white blood cells, forcing them to
attack healthy brain cells as well.
Researchers from the rat study believe their findings could explain why
smokers who try to quit experience short-term cognitive problems. “It could
be that while they are smoking, the stimulant effect of nicotine masks the
loss of neuronal plasticity,” study author Pier Piazza told New Scientist.
“When they stop smoking, these deficiencies remain.”
3. Dehydration
The common misconception that alcohol will kill brain cells comes from the
fact that it triggers a whole range of body processes. One of these is “
breaking the seal”; that moment when we have to use the bathroom after
downing a couple of beers, and revisiting it more often than usual for the
rest of the night. As we drink more, the alcohol suppresses the hormone
vasopressin, which is responsible for retaining water in the body. This
makes our bodies unable to hold our urine in, and one unfortunate result is
dehydration — which also happens to be the reason we get hangovers.
Considering 75 percent of the brain is made of water, it would behoove
anyone drinking to couple their vodka-cranberry with a large glass of water.
Actually, we’re going to recommend that glass of water being around at all
times of the day, because mild dehydration can occur after only four hours.
Once it starts getting bad, it can cause the brain to swell (cerebral edema
) as the body tries to pull more water into the cells — some of these may
eventually rupture. Seizures aren’t uncommon either, as electrolyte
imbalances cause neurons to miscommunicate. All of this causes the brain to
work harder to function properly, which in turn can cause it to shrink, a
2011 study found.
4. Stress
Most of us can agree there’s been that one day or week where everything
seemed to be going wrong. Trying to juggle so many problems is stressful.
But because it’s the body’s way of rising to the challenge, it often helps
us with improved concentration and focus. However, the body can only take
so much of it, and after a certain point, it’ll backfire, throwing off
concentration, causing irritability, and killing our energy.
All of this can be blamed on the stress hormone cortisol, which is released
from the adrenal gland during stressful moments. The hormone activates
several biological processes with the intention of diverting energy to where
it’s most needed; digestion, for example, stops while heart rate increases.
In people with chronic stress, however, cortisol levels can be so excessive
that the brain ends up producing more myelin-producing cells and fewer
neurons, a study from last year found. Myelin is the fatty material that
makes up the brain’s white matter and quickens communication between
neurons. But such changes in the brain, the researchers said, may contribute
to a person’s risk of mental health illnesses like schizophrenia and
anxiety disorder.
5. Cocaine and Other Narcotics
While marijuana won’t kill brain cells, other narcotics on the Drug
Enforcement Administration’s drug schedule list certainly will. Drugs like
cocaine, methamphetamine, bath salts (synthe8 things your doctor's not
telling youtic cathinones), and MDMA (ecstasy or molly) all activate the
brain’s reward systems, triggering the release of the neurotransmitters
serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
While triggering all these neurotransmitters can cause a euphoric high and
make the user especially active, they also damage the neurons responsible
for releasing the feel-good chemicals. As a result, the user can develop a
tolerance to the drug, which forces them to take more over time to achieve
the same high — further damaging the cells or even killing them. In a 2003
study on cocaine, researchers looked at brain samples from 35 deceased
cocaine users and compared them to the brains of 35 nonusers. They found
dopamine levels were far lower in those who had used cocaine, especially in
those who were depressed as well, suggesting that there were fewer dopamine-
producing neurons.
Researchers believe that this damage to brain cells is what leads to drug
addiction, as the user finds it progressively harder to feel good on his own
. |
M********c 发帖数: 11672 | 2 是说缺乏睡眠,缺水,吸毒,抽烟,压力大,人就会越来越傻? |
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 3 不是,是说这些会引起人就会越来越傻机率很大。
【在 M********c 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 是说缺乏睡眠,缺水,吸毒,抽烟,压力大,人就会越来越傻?
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 4 我只知道有些东西会让我的脑子转的飞快:
一个是pressure,大概就是所谓的急智
一个是咖啡因
烟有助思考,不过我都不碰了,因为会得肺癌啊
不过我最不能缺睡眠,我最讨厌stress....
.
and
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 在另外一贴看到说脑是一个复杂的器官,无独有偶,看到这新闻,就转一下。就不翻译 : 了。 : 5 Ways You're Killing Your Brain Cells : http://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/5-ways-youre-killing-yo : Contrary to popular belief, we don’t have a limited supply of brain cells. : Sure, the majority of them grow early in life, but some areas of the brain : continue to grow them into adulthood and beyond — a process called : neurogenesis. The hippocampus is one of these areas, and it’s also among : the most important areas of the brain, playing roles in memory, emotion, and : learning. But as we grow older, a number of factors compete with
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 5 咖啡因进入了你的系统就是心跳加快,血压暂时增高而提神。
睡眠质量很重要。。
Stress 么,上次看到说 stress 是心脏病爆发的完美风暴。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 我只知道有些东西会让我的脑子转的飞快: : 一个是pressure,大概就是所谓的急智 : 一个是咖啡因 : 烟有助思考,不过我都不碰了,因为会得肺癌啊 : 不过我最不能缺睡眠,我最讨厌stress.... : : . : and
|
L******h 发帖数: 4361 | 6 stress每个人都有吧,就是看怎么有效identify和manage.
我白天是隐性的,自己感觉不到,但是压力很大的时候,晚上做梦会显现出来。把梦里
的场景分析一遍,就知道自己的stress是由哪些事情引起的,进而会找到策略来manage。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 咖啡因进入了你的系统就是心跳加快,血压暂时增高而提神。 : 睡眠质量很重要。。 : Stress 么,上次看到说 stress 是心脏病爆发的完美风暴。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 7 恩,stress肯定有害身体好多地方的健康,我觉得还影响我的胃
无忧无虑的最会健康长寿了吧?可惜做不到。。。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 咖啡因进入了你的系统就是心跳加快,血压暂时增高而提神。 : 睡眠质量很重要。。 : Stress 么,上次看到说 stress 是心脏病爆发的完美风暴。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 8 听说有时候醒来还很清楚地记得做梦的情景,好像状态不是很好的。正常的是一般醒来
了就忘记了大部分梦里的情况,不过可能神经有些衰弱的时候会记得很清楚,醒来的时
候感觉也是很累的。
manage。
【在 L******h 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : stress每个人都有吧,就是看怎么有效identify和manage. : 我白天是隐性的,自己感觉不到,但是压力很大的时候,晚上做梦会显现出来。把梦里 : 的场景分析一遍,就知道自己的stress是由哪些事情引起的,进而会找到策略来manage。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 9 以前读书的时候到一个同学的家里,同学的妈妈说每个月还是每两个星期要到一个地方
去上 meditation 的课,那时候觉得有需要么? 呵呵。。
现在可又不是这种想法了。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 恩,stress肯定有害身体好多地方的健康,我觉得还影响我的胃 : 无忧无虑的最会健康长寿了吧?可惜做不到。。。
|
L******h 发帖数: 4361 | 10 真的吗?我神经很死壮呀。:-)
不过,我做的梦都是心想事成型的,就是那种所有现实中不好结局的都扭转成我所期待
的。所以,醒来回忆回忆,还是很心情舒畅的。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 听说有时候醒来还很清楚地记得做梦的情景,好像状态不是很好的。正常的是一般醒来 : 了就忘记了大部分梦里的情况,不过可能神经有些衰弱的时候会记得很清楚,醒来的时 : 候感觉也是很累的。 : : manage。
|
|
|
L******h 发帖数: 4361 | 11 哈哈,建议她运动,读书,单曲循环或者上网灌水。。。对我最有效了。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 以前读书的时候到一个同学的家里,同学的妈妈说每个月还是每两个星期要到一个地方 : 去上 meditation 的课,那时候觉得有需要么? 呵呵。。 : 现在可又不是这种想法了。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 12 我觉得上网瞎灌也挺解压的。。。
【在 L******h 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 哈哈,建议她运动,读书,单曲循环或者上网灌水。。。对我最有效了。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 13 小时候没压力,除了学习
我应该试试meditation。。。还有瑜加也不错
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 以前读书的时候到一个同学的家里,同学的妈妈说每个月还是每两个星期要到一个地方 : 去上 meditation 的课,那时候觉得有需要么? 呵呵。。 : 现在可又不是这种想法了。
|
l******a 发帖数: 2273 | 14 应该再加一个杀手:溺水缺氧也会死很多脑细胞。
我怀疑我那么笨跟小时候溺水有关。虽然我一直不敢暗示自己笨,怕真的变得更笨。
小时候大人有事没人管我,姥姥也不愿意带我。我妈就找个邻居老婆婆带我,老婆婆有
很多活做,对我基本是放养,她去河边洗衣服我就跟着在河边玩,那时候刚学会走就掉
河里了,后来捞上来还把我搭在梯子上控水,当天大人就把我的衣服在河边烧了说是消
灾。本来挺机灵一个小孩,就变得说话断断续续的,我妈说淹得傻了。到2岁10个月以后
才会说整句话,直到现在我的有声语言表达能力也不好。我小学一年级班主任对我的评
语是:该生反应迟钝。。。。。。。。。。到小学3年级才脑子开窍,之前只知道傻乎乎
玩。
板上还有谁有溺水经历吗?呜呜呜,我到现在都不喜欢游泳,要是游,必须套个游泳圈
或者穿救生衣才敢下水。 |
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 15 不知道是不是真,可是醒来后梦里发生的事情还记得一清二楚的,好像会挺累的。
人的知觉分为有意识和无意识。有意识的部分是醒来后感官感觉到的,无意识的部分是
有意识的另外半边天,不过非常重要,有意识和无意识的沟通,研究说是往往通过梦这
座桥梁。。
呵呵。。所以梦是也是自己了解自己另外的无意识的一面。
【在 L******h 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 真的吗?我神经很死壮呀。:-) : 不过,我做的梦都是心想事成型的,就是那种所有现实中不好结局的都扭转成我所期待 : 的。所以,醒来回忆回忆,还是很心情舒畅的。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 16 没有比缺氧更能杀死脑细胞的了吧?
不过你一点也不笨啊
以后
乎乎
【在 l******a 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 应该再加一个杀手:溺水缺氧也会死很多脑细胞。 : 我怀疑我那么笨跟小时候溺水有关。虽然我一直不敢暗示自己笨,怕真的变得更笨。 : 小时候大人有事没人管我,姥姥也不愿意带我。我妈就找个邻居老婆婆带我,老婆婆有 : 很多活做,对我基本是放养,她去河边洗衣服我就跟着在河边玩,那时候刚学会走就掉 : 河里了,后来捞上来还把我搭在梯子上控水,当天大人就把我的衣服在河边烧了说是消 : 灾。本来挺机灵一个小孩,就变得说话断断续续的,我妈说淹得傻了。到2岁10个月以后 : 才会说整句话,直到现在我的有声语言表达能力也不好。我小学一年级班主任对我的评 : 语是:该生反应迟钝。。。。。。。。。。到小学3年级才脑子开窍,之前只知道傻乎乎 : 玩。 : 板上还有谁有溺水经历吗?呜呜呜,我到现在都不喜欢游泳,要是游,必须套个游泳圈
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 17 后来没见过了。。那位同学也很少联系了。。
呵呵呵。。
【在 L******h 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 哈哈,建议她运动,读书,单曲循环或者上网灌水。。。对我最有效了。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 18 上网也是 social, 和不认识的人而已。。
不过这样挺好的,你不认识我,我不认识你,有什么说什么。。没有 uncomfortable
moment..
对认识的人,说话还是有几分在乎对方的感受的。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 我觉得上网瞎灌也挺解压的。。。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 19 小时候想长大,可是不了解长大之后的烦恼。
烦恼是越长大越多,到了中年可能最多,所以有个名词叫: 中年危机。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 小时候没压力,除了学习 : 我应该试试meditation。。。还有瑜加也不错
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 20 跟你说,真正笨的人是一点不知道自己笨的,例子么,就不说了。。
知道自己笨的人是一点不笨的。
你看过傻子自己说自己是傻子的么?通常都说别人是傻子的。
一个道理。。
以后
乎乎
【在 l******a 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 应该再加一个杀手:溺水缺氧也会死很多脑细胞。 : 我怀疑我那么笨跟小时候溺水有关。虽然我一直不敢暗示自己笨,怕真的变得更笨。 : 小时候大人有事没人管我,姥姥也不愿意带我。我妈就找个邻居老婆婆带我,老婆婆有 : 很多活做,对我基本是放养,她去河边洗衣服我就跟着在河边玩,那时候刚学会走就掉 : 河里了,后来捞上来还把我搭在梯子上控水,当天大人就把我的衣服在河边烧了说是消 : 灾。本来挺机灵一个小孩,就变得说话断断续续的,我妈说淹得傻了。到2岁10个月以后 : 才会说整句话,直到现在我的有声语言表达能力也不好。我小学一年级班主任对我的评 : 语是:该生反应迟钝。。。。。。。。。。到小学3年级才脑子开窍,之前只知道傻乎乎 : 玩。 : 板上还有谁有溺水经历吗?呜呜呜,我到现在都不喜欢游泳,要是游,必须套个游泳圈
|
|
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 21 恩,和不认识的人social更无拘无束更解压,不过还要是和比较招人喜欢的人才好。。
。当然吵架也可以好玩。。。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 上网也是 social, 和不认识的人而已。。 : 不过这样挺好的,你不认识我,我不认识你,有什么说什么。。没有 uncomfortable : moment.. : 对认识的人,说话还是有几分在乎对方的感受的。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 22 有根有据的吵还是不错的,争论。。
小孩子玩沙沙的的,泼妇骂街,开始说几句还不错,说多了就不好。
会发觉,吵来吵去的人都是一样的,内容一样。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 恩,和不认识的人social更无拘无束更解压,不过还要是和比较招人喜欢的人才好。。 : 。当然吵架也可以好玩。。。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 23 哈哈,翻来覆去说的都一样?
我挺喜欢看你和人吵架的,怎么样都不生气,非常好玩~
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 有根有据的吵还是不错的,争论。。 : 小孩子玩沙沙的的,泼妇骂街,开始说几句还不错,说多了就不好。 : 会发觉,吵来吵去的人都是一样的,内容一样。
|
a*o 发帖数: 25262 | 24 有人很关心我的中文,智力程度。。搞得我自己都过意不去。。
其实,不是我喜欢和别人吵,是别人喜欢和我吵。。唉。。想不到自己娱乐,还给你带
来欢乐。。
真是一石二鸟。。
哈哈哈哈。。
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 哈哈,翻来覆去说的都一样? : 我挺喜欢看你和人吵架的,怎么样都不生气,非常好玩~
|
g********t 发帖数: 526 | 25 嗯,总是清楚记得梦里情节,状态确实不好。
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 听说有时候醒来还很清楚地记得做梦的情景,好像状态不是很好的。正常的是一般醒来 : 了就忘记了大部分梦里的情况,不过可能神经有些衰弱的时候会记得很清楚,醒来的时 : 候感觉也是很累的。 : : manage。
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 26 也有人找我吵过,关心我的什么什么来着。。。
正好在勇哥刚做合集的那个我的古典文学的旧贴里
我都忘了那个关心我的什么的人是谁了,不过我还记得你帮我和他吵过~~
【在 a*o 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 有人很关心我的中文,智力程度。。搞得我自己都过意不去。。 : 其实,不是我喜欢和别人吵,是别人喜欢和我吵。。唉。。想不到自己娱乐,还给你带 : 来欢乐。。 : 真是一石二鸟。。 : 哈哈哈哈。。
|
B****n 发帖数: 11290 | 27 pressure 和 stress一線之隔阿
【在 c*****d 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : 我只知道有些东西会让我的脑子转的飞快: : 一个是pressure,大概就是所谓的急智 : 一个是咖啡因 : 烟有助思考,不过我都不碰了,因为会得肺癌啊 : 不过我最不能缺睡眠,我最讨厌stress.... : : . : and
|
c*****d 发帖数: 7143 | 28 我觉得 是一个积压太久就变另一个了
一点点压力可以是好事 太多就不好了
【在 B****n 的大作中提到】![](/moin_static193/solenoid/img/up.png) : pressure 和 stress一線之隔阿
|