a********e
发帖数: 547 | 1 念书年到特别有感触的时候总想到处贴一贴。
very high skilled contractors may be at ease with working as freelancers,
whereas crowdworkers involved in low level routine cognitive tasks, or in
manual work, may be in need of more social protection.
digital markets with large numbers of contractors were mostly originated in
the United States, although the largest one (i.e. Upwork) also has
registered contractors from European (EU) countries.
Altogether 169 (84.5%) platforms were of EU origin and others originated in
the United States but are operational in Europe and tend to be the largest
ones.
显然美国的创新能力超出欧洲。
enthusiasts see these digital markets as empowering millions of individuals
to unlock the value of their time, especially for those segments of human
capital that are away from institutionalised employment (i.e. ‘flexers’
such as stay-at-home parents, retirees, students, etc.), including the
underemployed, unemployed and independent highly skilled professionals. [
cite this!] Digital labour platforms are portrayed as helping individuals
earn good extra money, and in many cases avoid boredom, achieve work– life
balance through flexible and personally chosen work schedules and by working
from home, be creative and autonomous, and enabling firms to deal with work
picks without incurring unnecessary fixed costs and reach talents not
available domestically.
The pessimists see digital markets as a new unregulated channel of
exploitation and saving of labour costs by employers. They argue that the ‘
gigs’ traded on these markets are the components of formerly full-time jobs
, parcelled up and put out to tender on piece-by-piece basis to increase
outsourcing across the board (i.e. of both core and non-core tasks) and
reduce labour costs (Felstiner, 2011; Smith & Leberstein, 2015). Others see
these markets as creating a new class of networked precariat with no
benefits and social protection, contributing to the steady erosion of ‘
labour contract’ and to increasing inequality (Berg, 2016; Cherry, 2011,
2016; Kuttner, 2013; Summers & Balls, 2015, p. 32).
Micro-tasking platforms have been described as digital machines that turn
workers into ghosts (Marvit, 2014), or as horrific digital sweat shops (
Uddin, 2012; Zittrain, 2009). Furthermore, research has shown that 90% of
tasks posted on AMT are priced at less than 10 cents and, on average, people
only make $4.8 per hour (Ipeirotis, 2010). Various investigative
journalistic reports have shown that providing generic personal and home
services through sharing economy platforms (i.e. TaskRabbit) provides no
flexibility or work– life balance. Workers have to work for more than 12
hours a day in order to cobble together a decent income by running errands
and driving people around | wh
发帖数: 141625 | 2 这是什么书？
in
in
【在 a********e 的大作中提到】
: 念书年到特别有感触的时候总想到处贴一贴。
: very high skilled contractors may be at ease with working as freelancers,
: whereas crowdworkers involved in low level routine cognitive tasks, or in
: manual work, may be in need of more social protection.
: digital markets with large numbers of contractors were mostly originated in
: the United States, although the largest one (i.e. Upwork) also has
: registered contractors from European (EU) countries.
: Altogether 169 (84.5%) platforms were of EU origin and others originated in
: the United States but are operational in Europe and tend to be the largest
: ones.
| a********e
发帖数: 547 | 3 title:
Platform Economics : Rhetoric and Reality in the Sharing Economy
【在 wh 的大作中提到】
: 这是什么书？
:
: in
: in
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