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As of the end of March, the federal government owed $14.27 trillion to a
wide variety of holders of U.S. Treasury securities. This graphic depicts
who those creditors are and the amount they have bought in treasuries. Click
on the arrows next to a category to expand its subcategories.
All amounts are in billions of dollars.
Collapse All - Expand All
Total
$14,270.1
Held by the public
$9,656.6
Federal Reserve system
$1,427.4
Private investors
$8,229.2
Marketable
$7,705.3
Domestic investors
$3,226.1
Foreign investors
$4,479.2
China
$1,152.5
Japan
$906.9
United Kingdom
$333.0
Oil exporters
$221.5
Brazil
$206.9
Taiwan
$154.5
Caribbean banks
$138.1
Russia
$125.4
Hong Kong
$122.4
Switzerland
$112.4
Canada
$87.7
Luxembourg
$78.4
Germany
$61.3
Thailand
$60.7
Singapore
$60.3
Other
$657.2
Nonmarketable
$540.8
Savings bonds
$186.9
Foreign series
$181.9
Government account series
$137.0
State and local governments series
$30.0
Domestic series
$3.8
Other
$1.3
Held by government accounts
$4,613.5
Social Security trust funds
$2,606.6
Retirement
$2,433.5
Disability
$173.1
Federal employees retirement funds
$782.7
Medicare trust fund
$337.3
Federal employees life insurance fund
$38.6
Deposit insurance funds
$38.3
Highway Trust Fund
$23.8
Exchange Stabilization Fund
$22.9
Unemployment trust fund
$12.1
Other
$870.8
Background
Treasury securities are the most sought-after in the world because the
assumption that United States would always be able to repay its debts has
generally gone unquestioned. That is why officials are negotiating to
increase the government’s borrowing limit and avoid a default.
More than $9 trillion of the total debt is held by “the public” — a broad
category that includes individual investors in the United States and
overseas, the Federal Reserve system, and foreign governments and central
banks. The remaining debt is held by government accounts, mostly trust funds
established to collect dedicated revenue to pay for such programs as Social
Security, Medicare and highway construction.
Almost all of the debt held by the public is “marketable,” meaning that
those securities are bought and sold in financial markets. The debt held by
the Fed is part of those marketable holdings. So is the debt held by China,
the largest foreign creditor at $1.1 trillion. Japan is a close second at $
900 billion. Domestic investors — from mutual funds to institutions, such
as pensions, to individuals — hold $3.2 trillion in marketable debt and a
small share of the non-marketable debt, particularly savings bonds.
Notes
Countries listed under "foreign investors" indicate where Treasury
securities are held. That does not mean that citizens, governments or
central banks of that country own the securities. They may actually be owned
by citizens or institutions from third countries that used the listed
country for the purchase transaction.
Source: Treasury Bulletin, June 2011 issue
Credits: Research/editing: Sarah Vanderbilt; Interactive: Thomas Wilburn,
Jessica Smith |
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