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发帖数: 8702 | 24 this translated article is not written by n.c. but based on his books.
here is the english text.
Noam Chomsky - "10 strategies of manipulation" by the media
http://parisis.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/noam-chomsky.pdf
Noam Chomsky - "10 strategies of manipulation" by the media
Renowned critic and always MIT linguist Noam Chomsky, one of the classic
voices of
intellectual dissent in the last decade, has compiled a list of the ten most
common and
effective strategies resorted to by the agendas “hidden” to establish a
manipulation of the
population through the media.
Historically the media have proven highly efficient to mold public opinion.
Thanks to the media
paraphernalia and propaganda, have been created or destroyed social
movements, justified
wars, tempered financial crisis, spurred on some other ideological currents,
and even given
the phenomenon of media as producers of reality within the collective psyche.
But how to detect the most common strategies for understanding these
psychosocial tools
which, surely, we participate? Fortunately Chomsky has been given the task
of synthesizing
and expose these practices, some more obvious and more sophisticated, but
apparently all
equally effective and, from a certain point of view, demeaning. Encourage
stupidity, promote a
sense of guilt, promote distraction, or construct artificial problems and
then magically, solve
them, are just some of these tactics.
1. The strategy of distraction
The primary element of social control is the strategy of distraction which
is to divert public
attention from important issues and changes determined by the political and
economic elites,
by the technique of flood or flooding continuous distractions and
insignificant information.
distraction strategy is also essential to prevent the public interest in the
essential knowledge
in the area of the science, economics, psychology, neurobiology and
cybernetics.
“Maintaining public attention diverted away from the real social problems,
captivated by
matters of no real importance. Keep the public busy, busy, busy, no time to
think, back to
farm and other animals (quote from text Silent Weapons for Quiet War ).”
2. Create problems, then offer solutions
This method is also called “problem -reaction- solution. “It creates a
problem, a “situation”
referred to cause some reaction in the audience, so this is the principal of
the steps that you
want to accept. For example: let it unfold and intensify urban violence, or
arrange for bloody
attacks in order that the public is the applicant‟s security laws and
policies to the detriment of
freedom. Or: create an economic crisis to accept as a necessary evil retreat
of social rights
and the dismantling of public services.
3. The gradual strategy
acceptance to an unacceptable degree, just apply it gradually, dropper, for
consecutive years.
That is how they radically new socioeconomic conditions ( neoliberalism )
were imposed
during the 1980s and 1990s: the minimal state, privatization, precariousness
, flexibility,
massive unemployment, wages, and do not guarantee a decent income, so many
changes
that have brought about a revolution if they had been applied once.
4. The strategy of deferring
Another way to accept an unpopular decision is to present it as “painful
and necessary”,
gaining public acceptance, at the time for future application. It is easier
to accept that a future
sacrifice of immediate slaughter. First, because the effort is not used
immediately. Then,
because the public, masses, is always the tendency to expect naively that “
everything will be
better tomorrow” and that the sacrifice required may be avoided. This gives
the public more
time to get used to the idea of change and accept it with resignation when
the time comes.
5. Go to the public as a little child
Most of the advertising to the general public uses speech, argument, people
and particularly children‟s intonation, often close to the weakness,
as if the viewer were a little child or a
mentally deficient. The harder one tries to deceive the viewer look, the
more it tends to adopt
a tone infantilising. Why? “If one goes to a person as if she had the age
of 12 years or less,
then, because of suggestion, she tends with a certain probability that a
response or reaction
also devoid of a critical sense as a person 12 years or younger (see Silent
Weapons for Quiet
War ).”
6. Use the emotional side more than the reflection
Making use of the emotional aspect is a classic technique for causing a
short circuit on
rational analysis , and finally to the critical sense of the individual.
Furthermore, the use of
emotional register to open the door to the unconscious for implantation or
grafting ideas ,
desires, fears and anxieties , compulsions, or induce behaviors …
7. Keep the public in ignorance and mediocrity
Making the public incapable of understanding the technologies and methods
used to control
and enslavement. “The quality of education given to the lower social
classes must be the poor
and mediocre as possible so that the gap of ignorance it plans among the
lower classes and
upper classes is and remains impossible to attain for the lower classes (See
„ Silent Weapons
for Quiet War ).”
8. To encourage the public to be complacent with mediocrity
Promote the public to believe that the fact is fashionable to be stupid,
vulgar and
uneducated…
9. Self-blame Strengthen
To let individual blame for their misfortune, because of the failure of
their intelligence, their
abilities, or their efforts. So, instead of rebelling against the economic
system, the individual
autodesvalida and guilt, which creates a depression, one of whose effects is
to inhibit its
action. And, without action, there is no revolution!
10. Getting to know the individuals better than they know themselves
Over the past 50 years, advances of accelerated science has generated a
growing gap
between public knowledge and those owned and operated by dominant elites.
Thanks to
biology, neurobiology and applied psychology, the “system” has enjoyed a
sophisticated
understanding of human beings, both physically and psychologically. The
system has gotten
better acquainted with the common man more than he knows himself. This means
that, in
most cases, the system exerts greater control and great power over
individuals, greater than
that of individuals about themselves.
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