D**S
发帖数: 24887 | 1 Hey China!
Stop Stealing Our Stuff | w*********g
发帖数: 30882 | 2 Fine. Turn in your paper-manufacturing and printing press machine. Stop using paper currency. | t******o
发帖数: 6493 | 3 家宝，克强，buy one get one free | s***q
发帖数: 10585 | 4 我也看到了，上面列了一大堆“中共间谍”的名字
尼玛以后中国学生在霉国找工作更加困难，阿三们会更嚣张! | d*****r
发帖数: 1635 | | a***r
发帖数: 2677 | 6 卖鸦片的时候怎么不提呢？偷得就是你丫的。过一阵子大爷没准还抢呢。 | m**********n
发帖数: 27535 | 7 这就是老将痛恨中国的原因之一吧，民主了就不steal了 | D**S
发帖数: 24887 | 8 同一期杂志也探讨了中国彻底废除＂户口＂制度的可能性，文中直接使用了拼音＂
hukou＂,也给出了对应的英文＂household registration system＂
"China May Finally Let Its People Go"
Hundreds of millions of Chinese live in China’s biggest cities as second-
class citizens, with no access to social benefits and limited ties to the
locales in which they work. Their situation leads to unhappiness, lower
consumption, and lost productivity.
The culprit: China’s household registration—or hukou—system. The hukou, a
small red passbook, contains key information on every family, including
marriages, divorces, births, and deaths, as well as the city or village to
which each person belongs. What comes attached to the hukou are benefits
including health care, a pension, and free education for one’s children.
These benefits are only available if a Chinese citizen lives where he or she
is registered. Not having a hukou for where one lives makes it more
difficult to get a driver’s license, buy a house, or purchase a car.
As China strives for a more balanced economy, top policy-makers are
realizing that the hukou system is a liability. Late last month, China’s
cabinet announced plans to make it easier for rural migrants to obtain a
city hukou (pronounced hoo-ko). On March 5, Premier Wen Jiabao told the
National People’s Congress that migrant workers will become “permanent
urban residents in an orderly manner” as China eases restrictions. “The
hukou system is morally indefensible in today’s China. It’s also due for
an overhaul because the system impedes economic growth and urbanization,”
wrote Hu Shuli, editor-in-chief of China’s reformist Caixin Century
Magazine, on March 8. This doesn’t mean the hukou system will be swiftly
dismantled: Authorities fear that would trigger a nationwide flood of
migrants into the biggest cities and raise the prospect of mass unrest.
Providing social welfare benefits to new urban residents will also be costly.
Although Chinese family registries have been around for centuries, today’s
hukou system began in 1958 as a version of the Soviet Union’s internal
passport regime. The hukou forced farmers to stay put and produce cheap food
to sustain industrialization. With the economic opening, it evolved to
allow massive migration from the country to urban enterprises and export
factories. The qualifier: A worker’s residency did not transfer to the city
. Neither did his right to health benefits and free education.
The hukou system helps explain an economic anomaly; private consumption’s
contribution to gross domestic product dropped from 46 percent in 2000 to 33
percent in 2010. That’s the reverse of what economists would expect with
an ever-bigger urban population, points out Louis Kuijs, an economist at the
Fung Global Institute in Hong Kong.
While China had a city population of 690 million last year, more than 200
million lack an urban hukou, estimates Kam Wing Chan, a professor at the
University of Washington in Seattle. Separated from their families, unable
to tap into the urban network of government benefits, often living in
company dorms or cheap housing, these migrant workers don’t know what the
future holds and fear the outcome of a crippling work accident or lost job.
In reaction to all this uncertainty, they save instead of spend and never
form the solid urban households that are the backbone of any middle class.
“The hukou system is holding up full urbanization, one of the most obvious
ways to achieve more consumption,” says Kuijs. Because of the persistence
of the hukou system, says Washington’s Chan, “the assumption that China’s
urbanization will create a very large middle class is proving not accurate.”
The plight of Deng Zongwei illustrates the problem. A lighting engineer with
a good job in Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta, he had to move his wife
and 5-year-old son back to his hometown of Yongzhou, Hunan, last July, and
has been taking the 10-hour-long bus ride home every month. If his family
had stayed with him, they would have had to pay for public school in
Dongguan. “School here would have cost ¥12,000 ($1,900) a year. In
Hunan, it doesn’t cost us a penny,” he says, adding that his wife had to
quit her job to live with their son. “This is a huge problem for all
migrant workers in China. It makes our lives painful and difficult.”
State-owned enterprises in Beijing and Shanghai are allotted thousands of
new hukou every year to make it easier for them to hire promising job
candidates from the hinterlands. Inevitably, some of these allocated hukou
end up on the black market. In Beijing, a university graduate can purchase a
hukou that originated with a big SOE but ended up in the hands of a black
market dealer. The price: up to ¥150,000, says Wang Kan, a professor at
the China Institute of Industrial Relations in Beijing. On Internet chat
sites, brokers offer hukous for sale; some are legitimate albeit sold
illegally, while others are fakes, says Wang. One recent graduate from a
Beijing university purchased a hukou for ¥70,000 from a state-run food
processing company to stay in the capital. A wealthier student about to
graduate from another university paid ¥100,000 for a hukou to make it
easier to buy Beijing real estate. Both declined to speak for this story,
citing the sensitivity of dealing in the illegal trade.
The hukou system makes business difficult for Ben Schwall, founder of a
Dongguan-based supply logistics company. Many of his employees, including
engineer Deng, take time off to move their school-age children back to their
hometowns, says Schwall. Others want leave to oversee construction of homes
in their native villages. “Hukou problems are crescendoing in Dongguan and
right here in my office,” he says.
One reform of the system would award urban hukou to those migrants deemed
worthy. Since mid-2010 in the coastal province of Guangdong, migrants have
vied to earn the 60 points necessary to qualify for a hukou in the cities of
Dongguan, Shenzhen, Huizhou, and Zhongshan. Education and skills, years of
work in the city, and even good deeds like giving blood are taken into
consideration. Engineer Deng says he isn’t interested: He may decide to
retire in his hometown, an option he would lose if he gets an urban hukou.
“Why doesn’t the Chinese government drop this hukou policy so our lives
are not so complicated?” he asks.
Other reforms now being tried: awarding hukou to a tiny elite of university
grads at the top of their classes or to superwealthy Chinese who also invest
in a city’s economy. Chongqing and Chengdu are now offering urban hukou to
nearby farmers willing to give up their land in return for urban benefits.
Chongqing hopes to convert 10 million people to urban status by 2020.
In part because of the one-child policy, China is facing severe labor
shortages. “There is a cold economic logic—you want to have mobility of
labor so that you can use the enormous pool of human resources China has as
efficiently as possible,” says Andrew Batson, China research director for
GK Dragonomics in Beijing. “That means breaking down barriers so people can
move more easily and work and live where the demand is.”
Hukou reform will focus for now on the smaller cities. Strains on municipal
infrastructure as well as security problems have delayed liberalization in
the biggest cities, says Stephen Green, Shanghai-based China economist at
Standard Chartered Bank. Adds Qi Yanhong, who works in a jewelry factory in
Guangzhou while her son lives with her in-laws some 10 hours away: “We have
no real choices—we are subject to the whims of China’s official policy.
That is the reality for China’s workers.”
The bottom line: The hukou system has marooned over 200 million workers in
cities without access to social benefits. China is considering changes to it
. | y***e
发帖数: 676 | 9 Stop stealing our consciousness! | a***r
发帖数: 2677 | | z**********3
发帖数: 11979 | 11 这期我看了 列举了大量case 很不利在美华人啊 | a*********g
发帖数: 8087 | 12 那个列举确实很恶心人，唉
自己看着都不是滋味，美国人看了对老中肯定心里嘀咕
现在的舆论环境对老中真是很不友好啊，唉
【在 z**********3 的大作中提到】
: 这期我看了 列举了大量case 很不利在美华人啊
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