I*D 发帖数: 40035 | | i****k 发帖数: 804 | 2 印度独立。
【在 I*D 的大作中提到】 : 如果没有后续行动,最后就是一场闹剧。。。
| s*****V 发帖数: 21731 | 3 元首的铁骑把日不落打成残废了
【在 i****k 的大作中提到】 : 印度独立。
| s****r 发帖数: 31686 | 4 元首结果死无全屎, 连条狗都不如
【在 s*****V 的大作中提到】 : 元首的铁骑把日不落打成残废了
| g******t 发帖数: 18158 | 5 当时是二战,英国焦头烂额,美国出兵帮着英国打,条件之一是让印度独立
我看的二战纪录片,解说词大意是:丘吉尔知道,如果放印度独立,帝国的利益会受到
损害,如果不放印度独立,可能就没有帝国可以保卫了
【在 i****k 的大作中提到】 : 印度独立。
| I*D 发帖数: 40035 | 6 The rebellion of 1857 and its consequences
States during the rebellion
Main article: Indian rebellion of 1857
The Indian rebellion of 1857 was a large-scale rebellion in northern and
central India against the British East India Company's rule. It was
suppressed and the British government took control of the Company.
The conditions of service in the Company's army and cantonments increasingly
came into conflict with the religious beliefs and prejudices of the sepoys.
[7] The predominance of members from the upper castes in the army, perceived
loss of caste due to overseas travel, and rumours of secret designs of the
Government to convert them to Christianity led to deep discontentment among
the sepoys.[8] The sepoys were also disillusioned by their low salaries and
the racial discrimination practised by British officers in matters of
promotion and privileges.[9] The indifference of the British towards leading
native Indian rulers such as the Mughals and ex-Peshwas and the annexation
of Oudh were political factors triggering dissent amongst Indians. The
Marquess of Dalhousie's policy of annexation, the doctrine of lapse (or
escheat) applied by the British, and the projected removal of the
descendants of the Great Mughal from their ancestral palace at Red Fort to
the Qutb (near Delhi) also angered some people.
The final spark was provided by the rumoured use of tallow (from cows) and
lard (pig fat) in the newly introduced Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle cartridges
. Soldiers had to bite the cartridges with their teeth before loading them
into their rifles, and the reported presence of cow and pig fat was
religiously offensive to both Hindu and Muslim soldiers."The Uprising of
1857". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
Mangal Pandey, a 29 year old sepoy, was believed to be responsible for
inspiring the Indian sepoys to rise against the British. On the first week
of May 1857, he killed a higher officer in his regiment at Barrackpore for
the introduction of the offensive rule. He was captured and was sentenced to
death when the British took back control over the regiment.[10] On 10 May
1857, the sepoys at Meerut broke rank and turned on their commanding
officers, killing some of them. They then reached Delhi on May 11, set the
Company's toll house afire, and marched into the Red Fort, where they asked
the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to become their leader and reclaim his
throne. The emperor was reluctant at first, but eventually agreed and was
proclaimed Shehenshah-e-Hindustan by the rebels. Chandra 1989, p. 31 The
rebels also murdered much of the European, Eurasian, and Christian
population of the city. David, S (202) The India Mutiny, Penguin P122
Revolts broke out in other parts of Oudh and the North-Western Provinces as
well, where civil rebellion followed the mutinies, leading to popular
uprisings.Chandra 1989, p. 35 The British were initially caught off-guard
and were thus slow to react, but eventually responded with force. The lack
of effective organisation among the rebels, coupled with the military
superiority of the British, brought a rapid end to the rebellion.Chandra
1989, pp. 38–39 The British fought the main army of the rebels near Delhi,
and after prolonged fighting and a siege, defeated them and retook the city
on 20 September 1857.Chandra 1989, p. 39 Subsequently, revolts in other
centres were also crushed. The last significant battle was fought in Gwalior
on 17 June 1858, during which Rani Lakshmi Bai was killed. Sporadic
fighting and guerrilla warfare, led by Tatya Tope, continued until 1859, but
most of the rebels were eventually subdued.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major turning point in the history of
modern India. While affirming the military and political power of the
British,Heehs 1998, p. 32 it led to significant change in how India was to
be controlled by them. Under the Government of India Act 1858, the Company
was deprived of its involvement in ruling India, with its territory being
transferred to the direct authority of the British government. At the apex
of the new system was a Cabinet minister, the Secretary of State for India,
who was to be formally advised by a statutory council;Heehs 1998, pp. 47–48
the Governor-General of India (Viceroy) was made responsible to him, while
he in turn was responsible to the British Parliament for British rule. In a
royal proclamation made to the people of India, Queen Victoria promised
equal opportunity of public service under British law, and also pledged to
respect the rights of the native princes.Heehs 1998, p. 48 The British
stopped the policy of seizing land from the princes, decreed religious
tolerance, and began to admit Indians into the civil service (albeit mainly
as subordinates). However, they also increased the number of British
soldiers in relation to native Indian ones, and only allowed British
soldiers to handle artillery. Bahadur Shah was exiled to Rangoon (Yangon),
Burma (Myanmar), where he died in 1862.
In 1876, Queen Victoria took the additional title of Empress of India.
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【在 i****k 的大作中提到】 : 印度独立。
| I*D 发帖数: 40035 | | n****y 发帖数: 777 | 8 反日。
【在 I*D 的大作中提到】 : 如果没有后续行动,最后就是一场闹剧。。。
| k*****0 发帖数: 388 | |
|