g******r
发帖数: 194 | 1 Why Are Asian Americans Democrats?
By ALEXANDER KUO, NEIL MALHOTRA and CECILIA HYUNJUNG MO
March 18, 2014
3月份华府著名政治报刊POLITICO发表文章，解释为什么亚裔美国人更倾向于自我认同
为民主党人。这一文章的根据是政治学的最新研究成果。文章指出了两个主要的发现：
1，共和党的政治话语方式有白人至上主义，亚裔受到的社会待遇仍有不公平现象，这
些因素让亚裔投票者疏远共和党人；2，政策问题的叙事角度，比如移民问题通常被宣
传为亚裔与其他少数族裔的共同利益，也容易使亚裔美国人倾向于民主党。
In February, during the confirmation hearings for President Barack Obama’s
nominee for U.S. surgeon general—Vivek Murthy, a British-born Indian
American—Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kan.) invited Murthy to his home state.
“I’m going to invite you, because we have a lovely doctor from India,”
Roberts said good-naturedly. “She’s in her mid-30s and she’s highly
respected by the community. And another doctor from India who did a carpal
tunnel when I did a stupid thing. And so, I think you’d be right at home,
and we would welcome you.”
Although Roberts probably did not intend to offend (his remarks were of the
“I have plenty of friends who are Indian” variety) media outlets generally
mocked the interaction. At the very least, it likely reminded Murthy that
he is different than the white ethnic majority—some other kind of American.
However harmless it might seem, this is exactly the sort of exchange that
makes Asian Americans—the fastest growing ethnic group in the country—more
likely to identify themselves as Democrats than Republicans, and by
stunning margins. In the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama won 73
percent of the Asian American vote, exceeding his support among Hispanics (
71 percent) and women (55 percent). This striking statistic has caused a
great deal of consternation among Republicans, who seem generally mystified
as to what they might be doing wrong.
It’s a puzzle with huge electoral ramifications. More than 16 million
Asian Americans live in the United States today, making up 5 percent of the
population and accounting for nearly 4 percent of all voters. They’re a
sizeable voting bloc, but one far less understood than other groups, given
that their political clout has only begun to emerge.
The GOP’s confusion comes not only because, in 1992, Bill Clinton captured
just 36 percent of the Asian American vote. It is also because Asian
Americans as a group have certain characteristics that would ordinarily
predict a Republican political affiliation, most strikingly their level of
income, which on average, is higher than any other ethnic group in the
United States. (According to the 2009 Current Population Survey, the median
Asian household had a higher income, $65,469, than the median white
household,$51,863; median black and Hispanic household incomes were $32,584
and $38,039, respectively.) Income, as shown by Andrew Gelman and his co-
authors in their book Red State, Blue State, Rich State, Poor State: Why
Americans Vote the Way They Do, is one of the most powerful drivers of which
political party someone prefers. Generally, the richer people are, the more
likely they are to be Republicans.
Other conservatives have pointed to less tangible characteristics of Asian
Americans, such as an emphasis on discipline in child rearing and a penchant
for entrepreneurship, that ought to make them Republicans. “If you are
looking for a natural Republican constituency, Asians should define ‘
natural’,” notes the American Enterprise Institute’s Charles Murray. “
And yet something has happened to define conservatism in the minds of Asians
as deeply unattractive.”
The solidification of Asian Americans as a core Democratic constituency is
not lost on liberal commentators either. Josh Barro, now a writer at the New
York Times, wrote in December, “Asians have higher family incomes and
education achievement than whites, and lower rates of out-of-wedlock birth.
Republicans’ typical explanation of their poor performance with blacks and
Hispanics (a policy platform that alienates groups disproportionately likely
to depend on government services) cannot explain Republicans’ Asian gap.”
So what does explain it? Why don’t Asian Americans lean right?
Is it just because Asian Americans have more liberal policy positions, as a
recent report by Phyllis Schlaffy points out? This answer is unsatisfying
because it might get things backwards: Someone’s party identification is
just as likely to explain their policy views (since people generally take
cues from their party) as the other way around.
Our research offers two alternative explanations.
First, there’s race. The feeling of social exclusion stemming from their
ethnic background might push Asian Americans away from the Republican Party.
Many studies, like Henri Tajfel and John Turner’s work on the psychology
of intergroup relations, have shown that one’s identification with a broad
category of people—be it on the basis of language, ethnic or racial
solidarity or some other trait—is important politically. Republican
rhetoric implying that the (non-white) “takers” are plundering the (white)
“makers” has cultivated a perception that the Republican Party is less
welcoming of minorities. That might help explain why Asian Americans,
despite their “maker” status, prefer the Democratic Party—even if the GOP
doesn’t discriminate against Asians specifically.
And many Asian-Americans do feel like they don’t get equal treatment.
According to the 2008 National Asian American Survey, nearly 40 percent of
Asian Americans suffered one of the following forms of racial discrimination
in their lifetime: being unfairly denied a job or fired; unfairly denied a
promotion at work; unfairly treated by the police; unfairly prevented from
renting or buying a home; treated unfairly at a restaurant or other place of
service; or been a victim of a hate crime. We found that self-reported
racial discrimination was positively correlated with identification with the
Democratic Party over the Republican Party.
Read more: http://www.politico.com/magazine
But correlation does not equal causation. To confirm the causal
relationship, we conducted an experiment in a university laboratory in which
both Asian Americans and white individuals were brought into the lab, and
half of them were randomly subjected to a seemingly innocuous statement,
such as being asked “Where were you born?” or being told “You speak good
English.” These racial “microaggressions” are sadly common—see Roberts’
s clueless remarks to Murthy—and carry the implied message that Asian
Americans are not true Americans. In our lab, a white laboratory assistant
made the comment to half the study subjects before asking them to fill out a
survey on various political attitudes.
Among those who did not receive this message, 76 percent of respondents
identified as Democrats while 24 percent identified as Republicans. However,
when prompted with the racial microaggression, 87 percent identified as
Democrats and 13 percent identified as Republicans. This is a very large
increase given how innocuous the message was, and the fact that it was only
mentioned once. In fact, Asian Americans who were exposed to this race-based
presumption of “not belonging” were more likely to view Republicans
generally as close-minded and ignorant, and have more negative feelings
toward them. Our findings suggest that Asian Americans associate feelings of
social exclusion based on their ethnic background with the Republican Party.
Our second finding is a little more complicated. It turns out that the
political affiliation of Asian Americans is sensitive to how issues are
framed. When Asian Americans are reminded of their shared political
interests with other minorities, they are pushed to the left. We found
evidence for this argument in the 2008 National Asian American Survey. To
again get at causality, we conducted an experiment embedded in a national
survey to corroborate this finding of the impacts of intergroup solidarity
with African Americans and Hispanic Americans.
We surveyed a large sample of Asian Americans and randomly assigned
individuals to read different versions of a newspaper article that framed
the important, high-impact issue of immigration in two different ways. One
article focused on the impact of Arizona SB1070, a law that required police
officers to ascertain people’s immigration status, indicating the common
status of immigrants of Asian and Hispanic origin. Another article focused
on how the current immigration reform debate can pit higher-skilled
immigrants from Asia against lower-skilled immigrants from Latin America。
The result: When immigration was framed as an issue that teamed Hispanics
and Asians together under the umbrella of common interest, 72 percent
identified as Democrats and 28 percent as Republicans. But when immigration
was framed as an issue that pitted Hispanics and Asians against each other,
only 67 percent of Asians identified as Democrats and 33 percent as
Republicans.
Our findings of course do not mean that social exclusion and solidarity
with other groups are the only reasons why Asian Americans are Democrats.
Nor do these reasons necessarily explain the variation among immigrants from
different Asian countries (Indian and Chinese Americans, for instance, are
more Democratic than Vietnamese Americans). But they do shed new light on
why Asian-Americans in general have moved sharply left in recent years.
What can the GOP do to win them back? As long as Republicans appear
scornful of minorities, our findings suggest, they will not get Asian
Americans’ electoral support. This applies not only to rhetoric, but also
to policy issues such as immigration reform. The Republican Party could try
to capitalize on divisions between Asian Americans and other minorities,
emphasizing how Democratic policies benefit other groups at their expense.
But doing that successfully would require a level of political dexterity
that Republicans haven’t shown much of late.
Alexander Kuo is assistant professor of government at Cornell University.
Neil Malhotra is associate professor of political economy at the Stanford
Graduate School of Business.
Cecilia Hyunjung Mo is assistant professor of political science at
Vanderbilt University. | n***t
发帖数: 8357 | 2 because they are retarded? | c*****g
发帖数: 21627 | 3 因为这些亚裔
1.是chinatown无知左逼
2.有智商，但是像外F赵小烂那样把自己的成功建立在迫害整个族群上， | S**********b
发帖数: 3142 | 4 因为美国的conservatives 明目张胆地排斥亚裔
每年super pacs 时，
那个bitch ann coulter 就会跳出来
bitching 什么美国该多给英国人来移民，而不是 Chinese
s
【在 g******r 的大作中提到】
: Why Are Asian Americans Democrats?
: By ALEXANDER KUO, NEIL MALHOTRA and CECILIA HYUNJUNG MO
: March 18, 2014
: 3月份华府著名政治报刊POLITICO发表文章，解释为什么亚裔美国人更倾向于自我认同
: 为民主党人。这一文章的根据是政治学的最新研究成果。文章指出了两个主要的发现：
: 1，共和党的政治话语方式有白人至上主义，亚裔受到的社会待遇仍有不公平现象，这
: 些因素让亚裔投票者疏远共和党人；2，政策问题的叙事角度，比如移民问题通常被宣
: 传为亚裔与其他少数族裔的共同利益，也容易使亚裔美国人倾向于民主党。
: In February, during the confirmation hearings for President Barack Obama’s
: nominee for U.S. surgeon general—Vivek Murthy, a British-born Indian
| g********w
发帖数: 2539 | 5 这跟liberal媒体ABC主持人在全美观众面前问“should we allow the Chinese to
live?"比算差了十个还是二十个数量级啊？
★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 8.2.2
【在 S**********b 的大作中提到】
: 因为美国的conservatives 明目张胆地排斥亚裔
: 每年super pacs 时，
: 那个bitch ann coulter 就会跳出来
: bitching 什么美国该多给英国人来移民，而不是 Chinese
:
: s
| S**********b
发帖数: 3142 | 6 搞清楚那是个comic show
【在 g********w 的大作中提到】
: 这跟liberal媒体ABC主持人在全美观众面前问“should we allow the Chinese to
: live?"比算差了十个还是二十个数量级啊？
:
: ★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 8.2.2
| g********w
发帖数: 2539 | 7 spin，继续spin。管你什么show，你问abc敢放should we allow the blacks to live
?nba那人私下谈话偷录说女友不要带黑人来，liberal总统直接骂，abc在电视说要杀光
中国人，白宫怎么放的屁来着？
★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 8.2.2
【在 S**********b 的大作中提到】
: 搞清楚那是个comic show
| g******r
发帖数: 194 | 8 赵小兰是共和党，呼唤逻辑。
【在 c*****g 的大作中提到】
: 因为这些亚裔
: 1.是chinatown无知左逼
: 2.有智商，但是像外F赵小烂那样把自己的成功建立在迫害整个族群上，
| p****7
发帖数: 641 | 9 这个就是两党制的缺点，两个党都有政策和我们是有根本利益矛盾的，但是你必须选一
边。所以美国很多人参政兴趣很低。
再说亚裔也不全是民主党的，只能说那些吃福利或者吃funding的亚裔，是站在民主党
一边的。大多数中产还是选共和党的。不过很可惜，共和党注定不会有前途的，因为穷
人越来越多，亚裔也是这样，大部分的亚裔基本上很少交税。 | c*****g
发帖数: 21627 | 10 感觉丫是民主党在共和党的卧底，
Department of Labor这种地方，向来是民主党掌握
【在 g******r 的大作中提到】
: 赵小兰是共和党，呼唤逻辑。
| w***u
发帖数: 17713 | | H*********S
发帖数: 22772 | | H*********S
发帖数: 22772 | 13 以前认识个港灿移民，铁杆民主党，丫移民来了一直没工作全家吃福利，恨不得美国变
成大号人民公社丫免费吃食堂，丫还要我做人要有良心，草 | g******r
发帖数: 194 | 14 你是否看了全文， 73%亚裔上次投了奥巴马， 哪里得出结论大多数中产还是选共和党
的？
亚裔收入最高，你怎么“只能说那些吃福利或者吃funding的亚裔，是站在民主党一边
的”？
【在 p****7 的大作中提到】
: 这个就是两党制的缺点，两个党都有政策和我们是有根本利益矛盾的，但是你必须选一
: 边。所以美国很多人参政兴趣很低。
: 再说亚裔也不全是民主党的，只能说那些吃福利或者吃funding的亚裔，是站在民主党
: 一边的。大多数中产还是选共和党的。不过很可惜，共和党注定不会有前途的，因为穷
: 人越来越多，亚裔也是这样，大部分的亚裔基本上很少交税。
|
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