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发帖数: 22064 | 1 http://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20140718/c18yu/
Voting in China, a Distant Dream
By YU HUA July 18, 2014
余华 2014年07月18日
I am 54, but have never in my life seen an election ballot.
我今年54岁了，从来没有见过选票。
“Have you seen one?” I ask people, out of curiosity. Like me, most of them
have no idea what a ballot looks like and have only seen pictures on
television of people completely unknown to them clutching a ballot and
voting on their behalf. A few say they have seen a ballot, but a long time
ago, in their college days, when a class monitor came over, ballot in hand,
and had them write down a name they’d never heard of. That was the closest
they came to a democratic election.
出于好奇，我询问了不少人：“你见过选票吗？”得到的回答大多和我一样，都不知道
选票长什么模样，只在电视里看到这些不知是谁的人拿着选票替我们投票。也有少数见
过选票的，说还是在遥远的大学时期，班委拿着选票过来，让他们填上官方指定的素不
相识的名字，算是民主选举了。
Every March, however, almost 3,000 National People’s Congress delegates and
more than 2,000 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
delegates gather in Beijing. The government claims that, as participants in
the political process, they represent the voices of China’s 1.35 billion
people.
但是，每年3月的两会，接近3000名的全国人大代表和超过2000名的全国政协委员聚集
北京，官方声称他们代表13.5亿人民的心声来参政议政。
Every five years sees a turnover in the two assemblies, and at the meetings
in March 2013, delegates who had completed their terms made way for new
members. A friend of mine, returning to Beijing after a lecture tour in
Europe, got a phone call as soon as he landed: He had been elected a member
of the C.P.P.C.C., he was told, and was to proceed at once to the meeting
hall.
去年3月的两会是5年一次的换届，一些旧人大代表和旧政协委员退出，一些新的进入。
我的一位学者朋友从欧洲讲学回到北京，刚下飞机接到电话，通知他当选全国政协委员
了，马上去参加两会。
“Why have I never had the chance to take part in an election?” someone
posted on an Internet discussion thread. “Who are those people who elected
the delegates to the National People’s Congress?”
有人在网上询问：“为什么我从来没有参加过选举，那些人大代表是谁选举产生的？”
“What a good question,” another responded. “What happens basically is
that each grass-roots unit puts forward several prescreened candidates,
leaving the final choice to leadership at a higher level.”
有人回答：“这个问题非常好。中国的人大代表选举，基本上就是各个基层单位上报几
个名额，当然是内定的，然后由上一级机关拍板。”
“I’m over 18,” still another asked. “Why can’t I vote?”
网上还有这样的问答：“我过18岁了，为什么没有两会选票？”
“Because you have already been represented,” he was told. “The N.P.C.
delegates and C.P.P.C.C. members are voting as your representatives, even
though you have no clue who they are.”
“因为你已经被代表了，人大代表政协委员代表你投票去了，虽然你不清楚是谁代表你
的。”
“Oh, so that’s how it works. Thanks very much!”
“原来是这样，谢谢！”
I remember that about 10 years ago, our television news liked to broadcast
scenes of smartly dressed Japanese and South Korean lawmakers brawling in
their assembly chambers, so that we could witness the loutish, uncivilized
behavior of elected representatives in capitalist countries. Later, a set of
photographs taken at various congresses around the world began to circulate
via the Internet in China. In other countries, delegates could be seen
quarreling or fighting, and it was only the N.P.C. and C.P.P.C.C. delegates
in China who maintained perfect composure — they would close their eyes and
drift off to sleep in midsession.
我记得十多年前，中国的电视新闻里多次播出日本和韩国衣冠楚楚的议员们在议会里大
打出手，意思是让我们看看资本主义国家的议员们多么不文明，像街头混混一样。后来
中国的网上流行起了一组各国议会开会时的照片，其他国家的议员们都是在吵架或者打
架，只有中国的人大代表和政协会员最安静，他们开会时闭着眼睛打瞌睡。
These photos brought home to many of us that if foreign legislators quarrel
or fight, it’s because they are seeking benefits for their electorate,
whereas China’s political delegates feel no need to represent their
constituents, and don’t even feel a need to represent themselves. So it’s
only natural that they doze off during meetings.
这组对比照片让不少中国人明白，那些外国议员在议会里吵架或者打架是在为自己的选
民争取利益，而中国的人大代表和政协委员无需代表选民甚至无需代表自己，所以开会
时打瞌睡也是理所当然。
Of course, during the two congresses in Beijing, China’s N.P.C. and C.P.P.C
.C. representatives have registered some achievements that foreign lawmakers
cannot possibly emulate, proposing motions with great alacrity and in
enormous volume. At the C.P.P.C.C. conference in March, members proposed 5,
875 motions, of which 4,982 were reviewed and endorsed at the plenary
meetings. This is nothing new: More than 5,000 motions were presented at all
the recent sessions of the two congresses.
当然，中国的人大代表和政协委员在两会期间也有外国议员望尘莫及之处，就是踊跃提
交提案，而且数量惊人。今年3月的两会，人大代表和政协委员的提案有5875件，经大
会审查立案的有4982件。这并非新鲜事：回顾近年来的两会，提交的提案都在5000件以
上。
These motions come in all shapes and sizes. Although the number of motions
is formally announced during the meetings, their content is not made public.
But some motions find their way onto the Internet and are met with ridicule
. There have been motions to carve out new districts so as to generate more
official positions, to raise the salary of officials, to grant official
titles to those who pay high taxes, to change a city’s name because it
sounds too unsophisticated, and so on.
这些提案五花八门，虽然官方在两会期间公布了提案的数量，却不公布提案的内容，仍
然有一些提案流传到网上，招来一片嘲笑之声。比如以增设新区来增加官员职位、给公
务员加薪、纳税多可以享受相应官衔、某城市名太土应该改名等。
At the same time, Chinese netizens propose their own motions on the Internet
. It’s hard to keep a numerical tally, but the content of those proposals
is clearly different from those of the official delegates: eliminating the
shortfall in retirement payments, making it easier to get medical treatment
and reducing health costs, and other initiatives designed to address people
’s needs.
与此同时，中国的网民也在网上提交提案，这个数字很难统计，但是提案的内容与人大
代表政协委员是有区别的。他们希望消除养老金差距，方便就医降低药价等，都是关系
到普通民众基本生存要求的提案。
For this reason, some claim that the true people’s representatives are not
those at the congresses but those on the Internet. But these Internet “
delegates” are probably, like me, utterly in the dark about election
ballots.
为此，有人声称真正的人大代表政协委员不在两会上，而是在网上。可是，这些网上的
“人大代表政协委员”可能和我一样，还没有见识过选票的模样。
On Nov. 29, 2012, the 18th congress of the Chinese Communist Party presented
as one of its policy objectives the realization of the Chinese dream. What
is “the Chinese dream”? Defined officially as “achieving the rejuvenation
of the Chinese nation,” the road map explains:
2012年11月29日，中共十八大提出了中国梦。什么是中国梦？官方的解释是“实现中华
民族伟大复兴”，具体表现是：
“Its concrete manifestations are that the state is strong, the nation is
energetic, and the people are happy. The route to its realization is taking
the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhering to the
theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, promoting
national spirit and concentrating China’s energies. The method of its
implementation is the integrated establishment of political, economic,
cultural, social and ecological civilization.”
“国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福，实现途径是走中国特色的社会主义道路、坚持中国
特色社会主义理论体系、弘扬民族精神、凝聚中国力量，实施手段是政治、经济、文化
、社会、生态文明五位一体建设。”
I have to wonder how many Chinese can make sense of this overly abstract
vision. A friend called me and told me about a dream he’d had, a dream that
during his lifetime he would be able to vote in an election for China’s
head of state.
我不知道有多少中国人能够明白这个过于抽象的解释？一个朋友给我打来电话，他说自
己有一个梦，就是有生之年在选举国家主席时能够投上一票。
“Does this count as the Chinese dream?” he asked.
他问我：“这个算不算中国梦？”
“Even if it doesn’t count as the Chinese dream,” I said, “it is a dream
dreamed in China.”
我说：“即使不算中国梦，也是在中国做的梦。”
“Now I get it,” he said. “That’s what the Chinese dream is — a dream
dreamed in China.”
他说：“明白了，中国梦就是在中国做的梦。”
Yu Hua is the author of “Boy in the Twilight: Stories of the Hidden China.
” This essay was translated by Allan H. Barr from the Chinese.
余华是《黄昏里的男孩》(Boy in the Twilight: Stories of the Hidden China)一书
作者。本文最初用中文撰写，由Allan H. Barr译成英文，中文版经余华本人审定。 | m*********w
发帖数: 6004 | 2
them
"因为你已经被代表了"....
【在 z**********e 的大作中提到】
: http://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20140718/c18yu/
: Voting in China, a Distant Dream
: By YU HUA July 18, 2014
: 余华 2014年07月18日
: I am 54, but have never in my life seen an election ballot.
: 我今年54岁了，从来没有见过选票。
: “Have you seen one?” I ask people, out of curiosity. Like me, most of them
: have no idea what a ballot looks like and have only seen pictures on
: television of people completely unknown to them clutching a ballot and
: voting on their behalf. A few say they have seen a ballot, but a long time
| p********o
发帖数: 8012 | 3 解决了民主如何不卖国的问题自然就容易民主了。
them
【在 z**********e 的大作中提到】
: http://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20140718/c18yu/
: Voting in China, a Distant Dream
: By YU HUA July 18, 2014
: 余华 2014年07月18日
: I am 54, but have never in my life seen an election ballot.
: 我今年54岁了，从来没有见过选票。
: “Have you seen one?” I ask people, out of curiosity. Like me, most of them
: have no idea what a ballot looks like and have only seen pictures on
: television of people completely unknown to them clutching a ballot and
: voting on their behalf. A few say they have seen a ballot, but a long time
| z**********e
发帖数: 22064 | 4 这个根本不是问题。
就好像解决“活人怎样会不停止呼吸”这个问题一样。
民主的政府没有卖国的，卖国的政府没有民主的。
【在 p********o 的大作中提到】
: 解决了民主如何不卖国的问题自然就容易民主了。
:
: them
| x******g
发帖数: 33885 | 5 世界上99%的民主国家发来贺电。
【在 z**********e 的大作中提到】
: 这个根本不是问题。
: 就好像解决“活人怎样会不停止呼吸”这个问题一样。
: 民主的政府没有卖国的，卖国的政府没有民主的。
|
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