u*****n
发帖数: 3277 | 1 好像挺对的。
http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21607830-mo
The more people are exposed to socialism, the worse they behave
Jul 19th 2014 | From the print edition
“UNDER capitalism”, ran the old Soviet-era joke, “man exploits man. Under
communism it is just the opposite.” In fact new research suggests that the
Soviet system inspired not just sarcasm but cheating too: in East Germany,
at least, communism appears to have inculcated moral laxity.
Lars Hornuf of the University of Munich and Dan Ariely, Ximena García-Rada
and Heather Mann of Duke University ran an experiment last year to test
Germans’ willingness to lie for personal gain. Some 250 Berliners were
randomly selected to take part in a game where they could win up to ($8).
The game was simple enough. Each participant was asked to throw a die 40
times and record each roll on a piece of paper. A higher overall tally
earned a bigger payoff. Before each roll, players had to commit themselves
to write down the number that was on either the top or the bottom side of
the die. However, they did not have to tell anyone which side they had
chosen, which made it easy to cheat by rolling the die first and then
pretending that they had selected the side with the highest number. If they
picked the top and then rolled a two, for example, they would have an
incentive to claim—falsely—that they had chosen the bottom, which would be
a five.
Honest participants would be expected to roll ones, twos and threes as often
as fours, fives and sixes. But that did not happen: the sheets handed in
had a suspiciously large share of high numbers, suggesting many players had
cheated.
After finishing the game, the players had to fill in a form that asked their
age and the part of Germany where they had lived in different decades. The
authors found that, on average, those who had East German roots cheated
twice as much as those who had grown up in West Germany under capitalism.
They also looked at how much time people had spent in East Germany before
the fall of the Berlin Wall. The longer the participants had been exposed to
socialism, the greater the likelihood that they would claim improbable
numbers of high rolls.
The study reveals nothing about the nature of the link between socialism and
dishonesty. It might be a function of the relative poverty of East Germans,
for example. All the same, when it comes to ethics, a capitalist upbringing
appears to trump a socialist one. | n*****8
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