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发帖数: 10518 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Animals 讨论区 】
发信人: CornucopiaX (VE RI TAS), 信区: Animals
标 题: Serval 藪貓
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu May 10 20:31:20 2018, 美东)
The serval (Leptailurus serval) /ˈsɜːrvəl/ is a wild cat
native to Africa. It is rare in North Africa and the Sahel, but widespread
in sub-Saharan countries except rainforest regions. On the IUCN Red List it
is listed as Least Concern.[1]
It is the sole member of the genus Leptailurus and was first described by
German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1776. Eighteen
subspecies are recognised. The serval is a slender, medium-sized cat that
stands 54–62 cm (21–24 in) at the shoulder and weighs 9–18 kg (20–40 lb)
. It is characterised by a small head, large ears, a golden-yellow to buff
coat spotted and striped with black, and a short, black-tipped tail. The
serval has the longest legs of any cat relative to its body size.
藪貓[註 1]（学名：Leptailurus serval）是产于非洲的中型猫科动物，为藪貓屬的唯
一成员。藪貓体长85厘米，尾长40厘米。平均寿命在12-20年。与其他猫科动物相比，
它体型修长，腿长而尾短，耳朵又高又圆，距离很近。斑点有许多变种。
藪貓的主要棲息地是非洲大草原，有時也出現在山地。它們會爬樹和游泳，但很少這麽
做。一般以群體為單位聚居，數量由於棲息地的破壞和偷獵而減少。
藪貓被列爲《瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約》（CITES）[2]。
Active in the day as well as at night, servals tend to be solitary with
minimal social interaction. Both sexes establish highly overlapping home
ranges of 10 to 32 km2 (4–12 sq mi), and mark them with feces and saliva.
Servals are carnivores – they prey on rodents (particularly vlei rats),
small birds, frogs, insects, and reptiles. The serval uses its sense of
hearing to locate the prey; to kill small prey, it leaps over 2 m (6 ft 7 in
) above the ground to land on the prey on its forefeet, and finally kills it
with a bite on the neck or the head. Mating takes place at different times
of the year in different parts of their range, but typically once or twice a
year in an area. After a gestational period of two to three months, a
litter of one to four is born. Weaning occurs at one month, and kittens
begin hunting on their own at six months. The juveniles leave their mother
at 12 months.
The serval prefers areas with cover such as reeds and tall grasses and
proximity to water bodies, such as wetlands and savannahs. It occurs in
protected areas across its range, and hunting of servals is either
prohibited or regulated in several countries. |
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