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发帖数: 1 | 1 和真实世界的黑洞有所不同
https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-double-life-of-black-holes-20190129/
String theorists moreover like to study black holes in universes with a
negative cosmological constant (the so-called Anti-de Sitter spaces). Our
actual universe has a positive cosmological constant. But if the
cosmological constant is negative, black hole horizons can be infinitely
extended planes. In addition to higher dimensions and a negative
cosmological constant, theoreticians also prefer black holes that have
existed forever, and they balance the mass-loss from radiation by assuming
that an equal amount of matter falls in.
These are highly abstract situations that we will never observe in the real
universe. But theoretical physicists think that looking at mathematical
black holes in spaces with a negative cosmological constant may have
benefits in areas other than astrophysics. As consequence of a conjecture
put forward by Juan Maldacena in 1997, the mathematics of black holes in
such spaces may describe collections of particles that interact strongly.
There Are No Laws of Physics. There’s Only the Landscape.
Black Hole Echoes Would Reveal Break With Einstein’s Theory
This is how you might have heard of mathematical black holes: They are a
string theorist’s way of modeling the behavior of quark-gluon plasmas or “
strange” metals (called “strange” because they are difficult to make
sense of with the common mathematical treatments). In more recent
developments, mathematical black holes have been employed to study chaos and
complexity in certain quantum systems. Whether those calculations will
result in useful predictions remains to be seen. But they have undoubtedly
added new tools to the mathematical tool kit, and who knows, maybe one day
we’ll find a nail for the hammer.
Mathematical black holes have allowed theoretical physicists to find links
between areas of their discipline once thought to be largely disconnected:
thermodynamics, gravity, quantum information and condensed matter physics.
Those insights may help to develop a theory of quantum gravity, or give rise
to new methods to predict the behavior of certain fluids. But this research
is largely disconnected from the astrophysical study of black holes —
questions about their formation, distribution, their jets and how they merge
. In other words, the question of how to explain observations. |
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