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In the Pacific Theater of World War II, Japanese depth charge attacks
initially proved fairly unsuccessful against U.S. and British submarines.
Unless caught in shallow water, a submarine would just dive below the
Japanese depth charge attack. The Japanese were unaware that the submarines
could dive so deep. The old United States S-class submarines (1918–1925)
had a test depth of 200 ft (61 m); the more modern fleet-boat Salmon-class
submarines (1937) had a test depth of 250 ft (76 m); the Gato-class
submarines (1940) were 300 feet (91 m), and Balao-class submarines (1943)
were 400 ft (120 m).
In June 1943, the deficiencies of Japanese depth-charge tactics were
revealed in a press conference held by U.S. Congressman Andrew J. May, a
member of the House Military Affairs Committee, who had visited the Pacific
theater and received many intelligence and operational briefings.[16][17]
May mentioned the highly sensitive fact that American submarines had a high
survival rate in combat with Japanese destroyers because Japanese depth
charges were fuzed to explode at too shallow a depth.
Various press associations reported the depth issue over their wires and
many newspapers (including one in Honolulu, Hawaii) published it. Soon,
Japanese forces were setting their depth charges to explode at a more
effective average depth of 75 meters (250 ft), to the detriment of American
submariners. Vice Admiral Charles A. Lockwood, commander of the U.S.
submarine fleet in the Pacific, later estimated that May's revelation cost
the United States Navy as many as ten submarines and 800 seamen killed in
action.[18] The leak became known as The May Incident. | s*****r
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