x*l
发帖数: 178 | 1 还没有生，看了一些母乳喂养的书，做了些笔记摘要，和大家分享。
Signs of a Good Latch
• Baby’s lips curled outward and firmly applied to your breast.
• If you pull slightly on your baby’s lower lip while he is
suckling, you should see that his tongue is curled up on each side and
cupped around your breast, forming a trough to the back of his mouth. A
large area of his tongue should be in direct contact with the underside of
your breast, massaging it in a wavelike motion that brings the milk into his
mouth with every suck.
• You hear your baby swallowing – gulp, gulp, gulp.
• You can see movement at the place between your baby’s temple and
ear.
• You hear no clicking or smacking sound as your baby sucks (
indicating that he is breaking and reestablishing suction again and again).
• Your breast is greatly softened after the baby feeds there.
• Your nipple doesn’t hurt after the first few sucks.
• Your baby seems relaxed when he’s feeding.
Signs of a Bad Latch
• When your baby is nursing ,there should be absolutely no friction
taking place between the baby’s mouth and your breast, and your breast
should not be pulled in and out as he sucks.
• Your nipple has been sucked into an asymmetrical shape just after
nursing. For example, you may notice that it has been drawn into the shape
of a new lipstick.
Fixing Your Baby’s Latch
• Instead of making a bull’s-eye approach- trying to get your
nipple centered in your baby’s mouth- try instead to have his head tilted
slightly back so his chin reaches your breast before his mouth. Pull him
toward you so that your breast is rolled onto his lower jaw first; this way,
he can take a large mouthful of the underside of your areola. Your areola
should go into his mouth a split second before your nipple gets there. Just
as your nipple begins to disappear into his mouth and his jaws start to
close, pull his shoulders in even closer to your body. Doing this gives him
a better chance of getting your nipple (and much of your areola) well back
into his mouth.
• Wait to bring your baby toward your breast until his mouth is
about as wide as a yawn.
• Strategies for encouraging better gaping.
• Gently tickle and tease his lips with your nipple.
• Hold your own mouth open wide.
• Press your baby’s palm.
• If all the above fail, gently and firmly pull down on his chin
with the index finger of the hand that is supporting your breast. Do this
only as your baby is opening his mouth.不要强迫他。
• Timing is everything, and practice makes perfect.
Getting Baby to Let Go
• Push down on your breast near the corner of your baby’s mouth
and quickly pull your nipple out.
• Put your finger into the corner of his mouth to break suction.
• Pull down on his chin.
Reach sufficient levels for a good letdown and milk flow:
• Make sure that you have a quiet, private place where you can pump
comfortably. You’ll tend to have more milk early in the morning than later
in the day, so try to fit in a pumping session then.
• Do your best not to focus on how much milk is being released,
since caring too much will actually inhibit quantity of milk you are
releasing, your pituitary will be better able to release the oxytocin that
will stimulate your letdown reflex. You may want to try some calming
activities, such as look at a photo of your baby, smell an item of his
clothing, or even sit at your computer and visit a breastfeeding chat area,
where you can communicate with someone else who is doing what you are doing.
• Breathe deeply and slowly as you pump.
• Rituals are important for many moms, such as pumping in the same
place at the same time while listening to the same music.
• Massage both breasts before you begin. Try leaning forward and
using a comb to stroke your breast from chest to areola just before you pump.
• Try applying a warm compress to your breast before pumping (
though not if your breasts are engorged).
• Make sure that you have plenty of water within reach while you
are away from your baby and especially while you are pumping. One of the
best ways to gauge whether you are drinking enough is to notice the color of
your pee, which should be very light yellow.
Pain While Pumping
You have a small pump that takes too long to generate a high enough suction
before it releases the pressure. Your pump should reach pressure after only
a couple of seconds, then that pressure should be released. The suction
levels should be high enough to get the milk flowing but no higher than that
, as pressure that is too high for too long can damage your nipples. If you
are having pain, try lowering the suction (which is sometimes labeled
vacuum, 放掉点空气，像真空罐的原理) until it is no longer painful. Make
sure that you don’t confuse the suction setting with the speed setting if
your pump has both features.
If pain persists after you have adjusted the suction, it may be that you don
’t have a good fit with the breast flange. Sometimes moistening the
flange of your pump before you apply it to your breast may end your
discomfort. Your breast should be centered within the flange, and your
nipple should not be too large for it.
Storing Milk
• Room temperature: 8-10h in a clean, covered container.
• Coldest part of your refrigerator: 3-5 days
• Freezer: 6 months.
• Don’t be surprised if your refrigerated milk separates. Try to
gently swirl it to recombine it before use. Don’t vigorously shake it, as
this has been shown to damage the milk. Reheat frozen milk in a bowl of
warm water. Never microwave it, as this destroys essential nutrients.
After you thaw frozen milk, you should use it within twenty-four hours. You
should not refreeze your milk.
一般母亲每次产奶量为3-6 ounces of milk per feeding, or 32 ounces or so per
day. 产奶并不会增加，人乳中的calories per ounce 会自动随着宝宝的需求而增加
。Since breastfed babies are very efficient, their resting heart rates are
lower than those of formula-fed babies, so they need fewer calories. This
is one explanation for why breastfed babiesave lower rates of adult obesity.
Soapy- Metallic- or Rancid-Tasting Milk That you Have Thawed
牛奶即使放在冰箱里冷冻，也会发生变化，产生宝宝不喜欢的味道。
• The milk has an abundance of lipase, the enzyme that breaks down
fat in the milk.
Way to reduce the lipase in the milk that you intend to freeze.
• Scald it just after pumping (the scalding point is when bubbles
form around the edges of the pan before the milk reaches the boiling point).
Be sure to take the milk off the heat before it boils. Not to use a
microwave for scalding your milk. Some women use a bottle warmer (145度 for
a minute 或是160度for 15 seconds) to scald their milk and their milk tastes
better than when it’s scalded on a stove-top.
• Cool it as quickly as possible and place it in bags or bottles in
your freezer.
• Quicker thawing of the frozen milk makes for a better taste than
thawing the milk in the fridge over a period of hours before use.
• If your thawed milk tastes bad to you but your baby doesn’t
reject it, don’t worry. The high-lipase milk is not harmful to your baby.
• Omega-3 supplements, flaxseeds, and DHA supplements have all been
reported to intensify the taste deterioration of frozen milk.
What to Use and What to Throw Away
You can use codes 1,2, 4, and 5 for storage (but never in a microwave or
oven).
You should throw away any products with codes 3, 6, and 7.
Avoid sippy cups made of polycarbonate, because these can leach chemicals.
Brands made from polypropylene or polyethylene are safer.
Avoid Styrofoam. Insulated mugs with stainless-steel interiors are better.
Avoid plastic wrap (It’s polyvinyl chloride). Use waxed paper instead.
Growth Spurt
2-3 weeks
6-8 weeks
3 months
Your breasts may feel emptier than usual after a feeding, and your baby may
seem less satisfied after she finishes a nursing session. When she nurses
at this increased rate for a period of three days or so, your milk supply
will increase to match her need.
Slow Weight Gain
If her weight gain is less than about six ounces per week during the first
three or four months of life, or you aren’t getting enough wet and poopy
diapers per day, it’s important to increase the amount of nourishment she
is getting.
Some babies with slow weight gain have trouble relaxing enough to take in
the amount of milk that satiates them. They take a couple of swallows, then
jerk away, sputter, get angry, and start to cry. In these cases, after
your initial letdown has taken place and your baby’s nursing has slowed
down, it sometimes helps to compress your breast to increase the flow again.
Do this as long as it stimulates your baby to drink a little more from
that breast. This may increase her intake on that feeding enough to get her
really satisfied before she lets go and dives into deep sleep.
影响产奶量的因素
失血过多，underactive thyroid condition (hypotyroidism) and diabetes.还有药
物用于治疗depression, allergies, hypertension, migraine headaches, insomnia,
and asthma.
Iron-rich foods
Dark-green leafy vegetables
Blackstrap molasses
Unsulfured dried fruits
Sunflower and pumpkin seeds
Beets
Red beans
Eggs
Seaweeds, especially kelp (also known as kombu 昆布？) and dulse.
“Colic” or Incessant Crying哭不停的宝宝
首先，你自己要情绪稳定。
经常，下午4点，晚上七点到八点，宝宝会比较爱哭。大人这时也常会feel the most
tension.
尽量模仿子宫内的环境，the rhythmic movement, the swooshing sounds, and the
feeling of being held tightly.
有时宝宝喝奶时吃进太多空气，胃不舒服也会哭。所以，等她醒了后再喂奶，尽量采取
upright 的姿势。
产后忧郁症
原因：
Sleep deprivation
Poor nutrition
Traumatic birth experience
Fatigue
Domestic problems
Pain
Prior history of depression
Short (unpaid) maternity leave
Stress over insufficient income
Sick baby
Previously stressful life experiences
Personality type that seeks to control
Sore nipples and other breastfeeding problems
Social isolation
Unwanted pregnancy
症状
Sad or anxious feelings
Insomnia
Headaches day after day
Mood swings
Poor appetite
Ankle swelling
Panic attacks
产后精神分裂症（Postpartum Psychosis）
Violent fantasies
Fear of hurting the baby
Thoughts of suicide
Hallucinations
宝宝6个月到1岁之间体重增长会慢下来。4个月到1岁之间每周长4-5 ounces. 也就是一
岁时的体重是出生体重的2.5倍左右。
宝宝突然不吃奶头
耳朵发炎
鼻子堵住了
妈妈有乳腺炎（mastitis）或乳管堵住了
过早过多地喂了辅食
Anything that is emotionally upsetting to you can affect your baby’s
nursing patterns as well.
If you have a knot in your midsection because of family tension, your baby
may reflect this by temporarily refusing to nurse.
要多些和宝宝的肌肤接触。
避孕药
添辅食
不要过早过多添辅食，要等6个月之后，宝宝对大人的食物感兴趣之后，每次只添一种
，看看效果，
过敏症状
Rashes or a sore bottom
Gas, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
Nasal congestion
Ear infection
Fussiness
Asthma or wheezing
宝宝腹泻
正常的大便is loose, yellow, and has the consistency of pea soup. It has a
slightly yeasty odor, but it doesn’t stink.
腹泻的大便 is quite watery and foul-smelling. A baby with a
gastrointestinal infection may have diarrhea twelve or more times within a
day. Sometimes you might find a tinge of blood in the baby’s diaper as
well.
如果宝宝体重掉了5%，人精神萎靡不振，就要当心是不是会脱水。有时是因为对新食物
过敏。有时是因为he is getting too high a proportion of foremilk and not
enough of the higher-fat-content hindmilk,特别是当你的宝宝acting fussy and
seems to have belly cramps.
胃食道返流症Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
和普通的溢奶不一样的是，每天四到五次吐奶，生下来前几周，醒的时候大部分时间是
screaming in pain. 有些宝宝虽然有这病，但不吐，叫作“silent reflux”.
宝宝一靠近乳房就会哭，吃几口，就开始咳，然后choking。他们通常turn their
heads to the side or arch their backs while feeding, stretching their bodies
out as flat as possible instead of cuddling up and melting into your body.
When they throw up, they usually lose most of what they have just swallowed.
Babies with GERD cry and scream during and after feedings, and they may
have frequent episodes of hiccups. Some of them will also breathe with a
rattling sound from the chest. 严重的还会有sleep apnea. These babies may
have episodes in which they stop breathing for short periods of time while
they asleep.
不要穿有松紧带的裤子。
喂奶时，头比屁股高，可以试用枕头。
换尿布时，把头垫高一点，尽量不要提宝宝的脚，可以roll him onto his side
instead.
睡觉时，put a small wedge under the head end of the place，也就是头略高。
Swaddling may help calm your baby and soothe his crying. 用襁褓包裹。
让宝宝少食多餐。
如果你的产量足够，可以一次只喂一个乳房，看看这个有没有用。
如果你有喝乳制品，停二周观察。这个方法对很多妈妈有用，但是，效果通常要等上几
天才会显示出来。
停两周不吃wheat products/caffeine。
喷射性呕吐（Projectile Vomiting）
偶尔几次没关系。比如喂得过饱，或是刚吃完，is squeezed around the midsection.
但是，持续性的，而且宝宝体重往下掉，and his skin looks wrinkled and dry, 就
有问题，可能是pyloric stenosis (幽门紧)，男孩多发于女孩，通常在2-8周间发病。
可用小手术纠正。 | a*********0
发帖数: 218 | | a*********0
发帖数: 218 | 3 关于怎么喂奶的部分，建议MM还是租个DVD看看比较清楚，如何把MIMI拔出来的部分，
我不记得哪里看来说，尽可能不要拔，宝宝不吐出来说明他还没彻底吸够，要满足他
SUCK的欲望比较好。我现在是不拔了，发现其实耐心地等他多吸个10分钟他也就吐出来
了。 | x*l
发帖数: 178 | 4 好的，非常谢谢。笔记中提到要拔出来，是因为觉得latch on不对的时候，要及时纠正
，不要忍痛继续喂。
【在 a*********0 的大作中提到】
: 关于怎么喂奶的部分，建议MM还是租个DVD看看比较清楚，如何把MIMI拔出来的部分，
: 我不记得哪里看来说，尽可能不要拔，宝宝不吐出来说明他还没彻底吸够，要满足他
: SUCK的欲望比较好。我现在是不拔了，发现其实耐心地等他多吸个10分钟他也就吐出来
: 了。
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