s**l
发帖数: 11983 | 1 strongly recommend this project and its website:
http://www.nongmoproject.org/
GMOs, or “genetically modified organisms,” are plants or animals created
through the gene splicing techniques of biotechnology (also called genetic
engineering, or GE). This experimental technology merges DNA from different
species, creating unstable combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and
viral genes that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding.
For consumers, it can be difficult to stay up-to-date on food ingredients
that are at-risk of being genetically modified, as the list of at-risk
agricultural ingredients is frequently changing. As part of the Non-GMO
Project’s commitment to informed consumer choice, we work diligently to
maintain an accurate list of risk ingredients.
Agricultural products are segmented into two groups: (1) those that are high
-risk of being GMO because they are currently in commercial production, and
(2) those that have a monitored risk because suspected or known incidents of
contamination have occurred and/or the crops have genetically modified
relatives in commercial production with which cross-pollination (and
consequently contamination) is possible. For more information on the Non-GMO
Project’s testing and verification of risk ingredients and processed foods
, please see the Non-GMO Project Standard.
High-Risk Crops (in commercial production; ingredients derived from these
must be tested every time prior to use in Non-GMO Project Verified products
(as of December 2011):
* Alfalfa (first planting 2011)
* Canola (approx. 90% of U.S. crop)
* Corn (approx. 88% of U.S. crop in 2011)
* Cotton (approx. 90% of U.S. crop in 2011)
* Papaya (most of Hawaiian crop; approximately 988 acres)
* Soy (approx. 94% of U.S. crop in 2011)
* Sugar Beets (approx. 95% of U.S. crop in 2010)
* Zucchini and Yellow Summer Squash (approx. 25,000 acres)
ALSO high-risk: animal products (milk, meat, eggs, honey, etc.) because of
contamination in feed.
Monitored Crops (those for which suspected or known incidents of
contamination have occurred, and those crops which have genetically modified
relatives in commercial production with which cross-pollination is possible
; we test regularly to assess risk, and move to “High-Risk” category for
ongoing testing if we see contamination):
* Beta vulgaris (e.g., chard, table beets)
* Brassica napa (e.g., rutabaga, Siberian kale)
* Brassica rapa (e.g., bok choy, mizuna, Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini
, tatsoi)
* Curcubita (acorn squash, delicata squash, patty pan)
* Flax
* Rice
* Wheat
Common Ingredients Derived from GMO Risk Crops
Amino Acids, Aspartame, Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate, Vitamin C, Citric
Acid, Sodium Citrate, Ethanol, Flavorings (“natural” and “artificial”),
High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Lactic Acid,
Maltodextrins, Molasses, Monosodium Glutamate, Sucrose, Textured Vegetable
Protein (TVP), Xanthan Gum, Vitamins, Yeast Products.
You may also be wondering about…
* Tomatoes: In 1994, genetically modified Flavr Savr tomatoes became the
first commercially produced GMOs. They were brought out of production just
a few years later, in 1997, due to problems with flavor and ability to hold
up in shipping. There are no genetically engineered tomatoes in commercial
production, and tomatoes are considered “low-risk” by the Non-GMO Project
Standard.
* Potatoes: Genetically modified NewLeaf potatoes were introduced by
Monsanto in 1996. Due to consumer rejection by several fast-food chains and
chip makers, the product was never successful and was discontinued in the
spring of 2001. There are no genetically engineered potatoes in commercial
production, and potatoes are considered “low-risk” by the Non-GMO Project
Standard.
* Salmon: A company called AquaBounty is currently petitioning the FDA
to approve its genetically engineered variety of salmon, which has met with
fierce consumer resistance. Find out more here.
* Pigs: A genetically engineered variety of pig, called Enviropig was
developed by scientists at the University of Guelph, with research starting
in 1995 and government approval sought beginning in 2009. In 2012 the
University announced an end to the Enviropig program, and the pigs
themselves were euthanized in June 2012. | p***n
发帖数: 577 | | s**l
发帖数: 11983 | 3 you are right. Thanks! modified
【在 p***n 的大作中提到】
: 标题好像很confusing
|
|
