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发帖数: 19398 | 1 By Eric Schulzke , Deseret News National Edition
Published: Thursday, Jan. 22 2015 7:00 a.m. MST
While research shows the benefits, in-school and after-school programs del
iver the goods. (DimaSobko, Getty Images/iStockphoto)
The first time children called her "The Chess Lady" in a Seattle school 10 y
ears ago, Wendi Fischer was caught off guard. As she walked in, they started
buzzing, and when she asked the teacher what they were saying, it turned ou
t she was a minor celebrity. The children were soon asking for autographs.
Fischer gained her notoriety as the public face and executive director of Fi
rst Move, a Seattle-based nonprofit that teaches chess in schools using vide
o lessons recorded by Fischer and then taught in the classroom by local teac
hers.
In each school she has visited since, the students already knew her: They wa
tched and learned chess from her for an hour a week.
It wasn’t long before she embraced The Chess Lady moniker: “It’s now offi
cially part of my title,” said the former teacher who in the past 10 years
has visited nearly 200 schools around the country.
Fischer is part of a growing movement using very diverse approaches to bring
the world's grandest game within reach of even its youngest students. The t
heory driving the movement is that chess is much more than a game. Chess sti
mulates creative thinking and improves language and math performance, advoca
tes argue, often bringing out potential in children who may not as readily c
lick with a paper and pencil.
There is now substantial research to back up many of these claims, and there
is high demand for programs that put chess in reach of grade school student
s. In short, while it may not be that elusive silver bullet, chess is increa
singly seen as a highly valuable curriculum and mental development tool.
Across the curriculum
Recent years have produced a slew of studies from around the world showing t
he impact of chess on young minds. Experiments in Iran, Spain and Italy have
shown strong results in cognitive, spatial reasoning, problem solving, math
and reading skills.
The 2013 Italian study, for example, showed particularly strong results amon
g non-native speakers and among children in the impoverished southern half o
f the country, suggesting that chess might offer stronger benefits where the
y are most needed.
And a 2011 study in Texas suggested that chess might be especially effective
for children with special needs.
Given the strong evidence for academic impact, it is not surprising that edu
cators have begun thinking of ways to integrate the game directly into the c
urriculum.
One educator who has taken this head on is Alexey Root, a former U.S. women'
s chess champion who teaches a chess education class at the University of Te
xas at Dallas.
In addition to her online education courses, Root's six books offer curricul
um planning ideas for integrating chess into language and writing; math and
science; visual arts; and the study of history, culture and geography.
One beauty of chess, Root argues, is that no one really loses because every
game is a unique opportunity to learn something new.
"How did you do today?" Root asked a young chess competitor in an elevator.
"I learned," the child replied, using the chess euphemism for having lost. B
ut, as Root points out, chess is one game where that euphemism is actually t
rue.
Fun first
There is surprisingly strong demand for programs that offer chess instructio
n both in school and after school, even in the early grades.
“For every high school student I have, now I have 20 elementary school kids
," says David Brooks, director of the Knight School in Birmingham, Alabama.
Chess is the third priority at the Knight School, a for-profit after-school
chess school based in Birmingham, operating chess teams for 110 locations in
the city.
Chess is what they do, of course. But in order of priority, sportsmanship co
mes first, Brooks said, and fun second.
"I only hire non-chess players,” Brooks said. “I look for teachers who are
great with kids, like the extraordinary camp counselor. All my coaches star
t at point zero.”
Brooks teaches all his classes using videos he records, one tactic at a time
, which are then shown and supervised in each school group by 22 coaches he
hires.
Brooks makes a point to never turn a child away because he or she can't affo
rd tuition. They offer a sliding scale tuition, which otherwise runs $90 a m
onth, to any family that can't afford fees, using an honor system: "If they
ask for a scholarship, they get one," Brooks said.
And while Brooks prioritizes a fun atmosphere and does not aim to create cha
mpions, he also produces some very competitive clubs. Schools within his sys
tem routinely win state championships in their age brackets.
So what does Brooks see as mission accomplished with his students? Does he w
ant his students to be spry old men playing chess in the city park?
"Yes, I want that,” Brooks said. “But before that I want them to be the mo
st creative person at the table in the corporation. I want them to be the pe
rson who, when others say there is no solution here, they say, 'Oh, there ar
e lots of solutions.’ ”
Up until five years ago, Brooks managed his chess program on the side while
keeping his full-time job as a teacher at a local Catholic school. After goi
ng full time in Birmingham, he has recently hired teachers at additional loc
ations in Alabama and Texas.
An education program
Brooks sees his Knight School as complementary, rather than competitive, wit
h curriculum-based programs like First Move, and Fischer’s description of t
he latter seems to support that notion.
"First Move is an education program that uses chess as a tool," Fischer said
. Everything First Move teaches is embedded in curriculum — often math, but
also reaching to statistics, the scientific method, hypothesis testing and
history and culture lessons.
“When we first started,” Fischer said, “we were told we would never get a
n hour of class time, we would never get teachers to teach it and we will ne
ver get schools to pay for it. They were wrong on every point.”
Teachers are not intimidated because the material is presented step by step
on video. After a few minutes of instruction, The Chess Lady will assign an
exercise. The teacher pauses the video, and the class works on the assignmen
t. Then they return to the recording.
"We have a worksheet that asks, ‘Who equals the queen?’ Fischer said. The
second- and third-grade students then use the point system assigned to each
piece to figure all the 16 combinations that could equal the value of the qu
een. A rook (5), a pawn (1) and a knight (3) for example, equal the nine poi
nts of a queen. In the process, the students use pre-algebra, using the lett
er r for rooks and the letter p for pawns.
First Move curriculum also takes students into history, focused especially o
n the Middle Ages and Western Europe, but also pointing to the game's origin
s in India, noting how the game spread through merchants.
"For a lot of kids, this is a different way of thinking," Fischer said. "The
y may struggle in your standard math class. But when they do it with chess,
it's different."
Students are encouraged to help each other discover the game, and schools wi
ll often hold family chess nights, which Fischer says are well-attended.
"We have a lot of schools with English language learners,” Fischer said. “
A lot of their parents know how to play chess, and they know you don't have
to talk to play chess."
She also finds social benefits. One mom said that her autistic son, who neve
r had had any friends, had become really good at chess, and now other childr
en in the class were engaging him, using chess as a prop.
“If that is the only benefit he got from it, that would be enough,” Fische
r said. “But I know he got more."
Email: [email protected]
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