a*****g
发帖数: 19398 | 1 The 21st century learning skills are often called the 4 C's: critical
thinking, creative thinking, communicating, and collaborating. These skills
help students learn, and so they are vital to success in school and beyond.
See videos of each main area below at the website - https://k12.
thoughtfullearning.com/FAQ/what-are-learning-skills
Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is focused, careful analysis of something to better
understand it. When people speak of "left brain" activity, they are usually
referring to critical thinking. Here are some of the main critical-thinking
abilities:
* Analyzing is breaking something down into its parts, examining each part,
and noting how the parts fit together.
* Arguing is using a series of statements connected logically together,
backed by evidence, to reach a conclusion.
* Classifying is identifying the types or groups of something, showing how
each category is distinct from the others.
* Comparing and contrasting is pointing out the similarities and
differences between two or more subjects.
* Defining is explaining the meaning of a term using denotation,
connotation, example, etymology, synonyms, and antonyms.
* Describing is explaining the traits of something, such as size, shape,
weight, color, use, origin, value, condition, location, and so on.
* Evaluating is deciding on the worth of something by comparing it against
an accepted standard of value.
* Explaining is telling what something is or how it works so that others
can understand it.
* Problem solving is analyzing the causes and effects of a problem and
finding a way to stop the causes or the effects.
* Tracking cause and effect is determining why something is happening and
what results from it.
Creative Thinking
Creative thinking is expansive, open-ended invention and discovery of
possibilities. When people speak of "right brain" activity, they most often
mean creative thinking. Here are some of the more common creative thinking
abilities:
* Brainstorming ideas involves asking a question and rapidly listing all
answers, even those that are far-fetched, impractical, or impossible.
* Creating something requires forming it by combining materials, perhaps
according to a plan or perhaps based on the impulse of the moment.
* Designing something means finding the conjunction between form and
function and shaping materials for a specific purpose.
* Entertaining others involves telling stories, making jokes, singing songs
, playing games, acting out parts, and making conversation.
* Imagining ideas involves reaching into the unknown and impossible,
perhaps idly or with great focus, as Einstein did with his thought
experiments.
* Improvising a solution involves using something in a novel way to solve a
problem.
* Innovating is creating something that hasn't existed before, whether an
object, a procedure, or an idea.
* Overturning something means flipping it to get a new perspective, perhaps
by redefining givens, reversing cause and effect, or looking at something
in a brand new way.
* Problem solving requires using many of the creative abilities listed here
to figure out possible solutions and putting one or more of them into
action.
* Questioning actively reaches into what is unknown to make it known,
seeking information or a new way to do something.
Communicating
* Analyzing the situation means thinking about the subject, purpose, sender
, receiver, medium, and context of a message.
* Choosing a medium involves deciding the most appropriate way to deliver a
message, ranging from a face-to-face chat to a 400-page report.
* Evaluating messages means deciding whether they are correct, complete,
reliable, authoritative, and up-to-date.
* Following conventions means communicating using the expected norms for
the medium chosen.
* Listening actively requires carefully paying attention, taking notes,
asking questions, and otherwise engaging in the ideas being communicated.
* Reading is decoding written words and images in order to understand what
their originator is trying to communicate.
* Speaking involves using spoken words, tone of voice, body language,
gestures, facial expressions, and visual aids in order to convey ideas.
* Turn taking means effectively switching from receiving ideas to providing
ideas, back and forth between those in the communication situation.
* Using technology requires understanding the abilities and limitations of
any technological communication, from phone calls to e-mails to instant
messages.
* Writing involves encoding messages into words, sentences, and paragraphs
for the purpose of communicating to a person who is removed by distance,
time, or both.
Collaborating
* Allocating resources and responsibilities ensures that all members of a
team can work optimally.
* Brainstorming ideas in a group involves rapidly suggesting and writing
down ideas without pausing to critique them.
* Decision-making requires sorting through the many options provided to the
group and arriving at a single option to move forward.
* Delegating means assigning duties to members of the group and expecting
them to fulfill their parts of the task.
* Evaluating the products, processes, and members of the group provides a
clear sense of what is working well and what improvements could be made.
* Goal setting requires the group to analyze the situation, decide what
outcome is desired, and clearly state an achievable objective.
* Leading a group means creating an environment in which all members can
contribute according to their abilities.
* Managing time involves matching up a list of tasks to a schedule and
tracking the progress toward goals.
* Resolving conflicts occurs from using one of the following strategies:
asserting, cooperating, compromising, competing, or deferring.
* Team building means cooperatively working over time to achieve a common
goal.
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【在 a*****g 的大作中提到】
: The 21st century learning skills are often called the 4 C's: critical
: thinking, creative thinking, communicating, and collaborating. These skills
: help students learn, and so they are vital to success in school and beyond.
: See videos of each main area below at the website - https://k12.
: thoughtfullearning.com/FAQ/what-are-learning-skills
: Critical Thinking
: Critical thinking is focused, careful analysis of something to better
: understand it. When people speak of "left brain" activity, they are usually
: referring to critical thinking. Here are some of the main critical-thinking
: abilities:
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