y********g 发帖数: 81 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Business 讨论区 】
发信人: yaoshijing (james), 信区: Business
标 题: 问一个关于LBO的概念性问题
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Oct 5 03:02:01 2011, 美东)
LBO通俗来讲就是有一个人不想做某个business了,你想把它买过来。可是你钱不够,
而且觉得这个business的回报率也一般,于是你借钱来买。
假定有个business每年产生1.5个million的利润,税后剩2/3,即1个million。这个
business的老板要退休了,愿意以10million的价格卖掉这个business。
1.如果你自己花10million买下,每年1个million的利润,回报率为10%。
2.如果你自己花1个million,但是从银行借9个million来买这个business。你和银行协
商这个loan的年利率是10%。每年你不用还本金,只用还利息,因为本金可以通过cash
out这个business随时还给银行。那么你每年的利润为1.5million-9million*10%=0.
6million,税后剩2/3,及0.4个million。你的年回报率为40%。
第二种就是我们所说的LBO: leveraged buyout。回报率为第一种的4倍。看起来好像很
神奇,金融的力量显得很强大,但我个人觉得这实在是扯淡啊。
LBO之所以比第一种的回报率高,完全是因为逃税的缘故。首先,银行借你的9个
million直接参与了经营活动,你能够还0.9million的利息完全是因为这9个million带
来的巨大利润啊。所以实际上这部分利润因为借了一个“利息”的外壳而没有交税,直
接受益人就是银行。银行如果直接经营这个business,无非最多也就是拿到10%的回报
率,可是它还要支出运营成本等等。结论一:放贷生利比劳动生利效率高。社会鼓励坐
享其成,不鼓励劳动创业。
同时,你自己交的税也从本来的0.5million减少为0.2million。结论二:贷款做生意让
你少交税。社会鼓励借鸡生蛋的人,不鼓励用自己家鸡生蛋的人。
这两种方式,从宏观社会的角度来看,其实可以这么理解。如果你一个人单干,社会全
体需要分享0.5million;如果你和银行一起干,银行(包括存款人)分享0.9million,
社会全体分享0.2million。结论三:同一个business,有放贷参与的经营方式使得社会
收入(税收)变少,银行和经营者收入均变多。社会收入分配不均被人为放大。
三个结论在本人看来都是反社会的,为什么从来没听人讨论过金融工具的社会实质? |
o**o 发帖数: 3964 | 2 银行的收入(0.9)也是要缴税的,这样扯平了吧。 |
w******i 发帖数: 503 | 3 True. Except that 0.9 is the revenue of the bank.
The tax would be lower than the original 0.5. As an example,
if you pay capital 30% and labor 40%, then the total tax
would be 0.9 * 30% * 1/3 + 0.2 = 0.29. much less than 0.5.
The community as a whole does not obviously lose, since it creates jobs.
But the banks have prob grabbed too much power in the process.
【在 o**o 的大作中提到】 : 银行的收入(0.9)也是要缴税的,这样扯平了吧。
|
p*******t 发帖数: 213 | 4 no collateral, no bank will do the business with you. |
y********g 发帖数: 81 | 5 银行0.9m的交税税率和企业应该不同吧,我不知道是高还是低。如果要是高一些的话就
make sense了。
即便如此,个人还是“逃税了”。他本来应该把税后利润1m中的0.9m给银行,所以自己
得0.1m,这样回报率就和不借钱一样了。但现在由于利息不上税,相同的税率必然少交很多税。作为一
个借钱才实现buyout的人,银行代表社会为其承担了很大的风险。这个人无论如何要比相同的一个
不借钱就完成buyout的人要赚得少才对。
鉴于银行已经从利息中体现了承担风险的价值,应该提高LBO经营者的交税额,要么提高税率,要么利息
不tax deductible,直到offset到比一个不借钱就能buyout的人利润率低才对。
只有让一个借钱的人感觉到疼,才能让他借钱投资的时候小心再小心。现在的政策是不仅不疼,反而更
甜,怎么可能不乱。
【在 o**o 的大作中提到】 : 银行的收入(0.9)也是要缴税的,这样扯平了吧。
|
y********g 发帖数: 81 | 6 what jobs? the jobs in the business already stay there, no matter if it is a
LBO or not. Those jobs created in the bank, are exactly what the people now
marching in "Occupy the wall street" are against.
【在 w******i 的大作中提到】 : True. Except that 0.9 is the revenue of the bank. : The tax would be lower than the original 0.5. As an example, : if you pay capital 30% and labor 40%, then the total tax : would be 0.9 * 30% * 1/3 + 0.2 = 0.29. much less than 0.5. : The community as a whole does not obviously lose, since it creates jobs. : But the banks have prob grabbed too much power in the process.
|
w******i 发帖数: 503 | 7 something missing in the analysis.
The correct conclusion should be, from pure monetary point of view,
the community as a whole loses and the banks win. But it does
create jobs in the financial services sector .
【在 w******i 的大作中提到】 : True. Except that 0.9 is the revenue of the bank. : The tax would be lower than the original 0.5. As an example, : if you pay capital 30% and labor 40%, then the total tax : would be 0.9 * 30% * 1/3 + 0.2 = 0.29. much less than 0.5. : The community as a whole does not obviously lose, since it creates jobs. : But the banks have prob grabbed too much power in the process.
|
J*****n 发帖数: 4859 | 8 in modern macro eco, central bank need people's borrowing to implement their
monetary policy. |
l*********s 发帖数: 5409 | 9 The borrower bears portion of the risk too. If the business goes belly up,
he/she loses the collateral.
交很多税。作为一
比相同的一个
提高税率,要么利息
不仅不疼,反而更
【在 y********g 的大作中提到】 : 银行0.9m的交税税率和企业应该不同吧,我不知道是高还是低。如果要是高一些的话就 : make sense了。 : 即便如此,个人还是“逃税了”。他本来应该把税后利润1m中的0.9m给银行,所以自己 : 得0.1m,这样回报率就和不借钱一样了。但现在由于利息不上税,相同的税率必然少交很多税。作为一 : 个借钱才实现buyout的人,银行代表社会为其承担了很大的风险。这个人无论如何要比相同的一个 : 不借钱就完成buyout的人要赚得少才对。 : 鉴于银行已经从利息中体现了承担风险的价值,应该提高LBO经营者的交税额,要么提高税率,要么利息 : 不tax deductible,直到offset到比一个不借钱就能buyout的人利润率低才对。 : 只有让一个借钱的人感觉到疼,才能让他借钱投资的时候小心再小心。现在的政策是不仅不疼,反而更 : 甜,怎么可能不乱。
|
z***e 发帖数: 5600 | 10 The rate bank charges could be a lot higher than the 10% you assumed.
Many LBOs failed. The successful LBOs picked up real stable and undervalued
companies and arb'd it. However, in the boom years there were many with
cyclical or declining businesses and blew up during the downturn
cash
【在 y********g 的大作中提到】 : what jobs? the jobs in the business already stay there, no matter if it is a : LBO or not. Those jobs created in the bank, are exactly what the people now : marching in "Occupy the wall street" are against.
|
c*******o 发帖数: 1722 | 11 LBO就不应该在economy boom的时候做,应该在economy downturn的时候
买low beta business.不过我是门外汉,别听我的 :)
undervalued
【在 z***e 的大作中提到】 : The rate bank charges could be a lot higher than the 10% you assumed. : Many LBOs failed. The successful LBOs picked up real stable and undervalued : companies and arb'd it. However, in the boom years there were many with : cyclical or declining businesses and blew up during the downturn : : cash
|