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发帖数: 5079 | 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/
Symptoms：
Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen
Blood in the stool
Diarrhea, constipation, or other change in bowel habits
Narrow stools
Weight loss with no known reason
Signs and tests
With screening colon cancer can be detected before symptoms develop. This is
when the cancer is most curable.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and press on your belly area. The
physical exam rarely shows any problems, although the doctor may feel a lump
(mass) in the abdomen. A rectal exam may reveal a mass in patients with
rectal cancer, but not colon cancer.
A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) may detect small amounts of blood in the
stool. This may suggest colon cancer. FOBT must be done along with
colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to screen for and diagnose colorectal cancer.
Note: Only colonoscopy can see the entire colon. This is the best screening
test for colon cancer.
Blood tests that may be done include:
Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia
Liver function tests
If you are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, more tests will be done to see
if the cancer has spread. This is called staging. CT or MRI scans of the
abdomen, pelvic area, chest, or brain may be used to stage the cancer.
Sometimes, PET scans are also used.
Stages of colon cancer are:
Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine
Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon
Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs outside the colon
Blood tests to detect tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA
) and CA 19-9, may help your physician follow you during and after treatment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on many things, including stage of the cancer. Treatments
may include:
Surgery (most often a colectomy) to remove cancer cells
Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue |
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