S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 1 认识此人源于我的前室友（老SK)，此人当时与我前室友约会了大约一年，因为经常来
我们apartment等我前室友，性格也蛮开朗，就也因此成为了朋友。2年前他失去工作，
心情变差，因为老SK海归，他们无奈分手了。后来我也搬出去一个人住了。我和这个白
男也时不时联系下，都当作是朋友。
今天是此男生日，出于礼貌，我发了短信： happy birthday! any big plan today？
白男回信：not yet...will you come to my apartment give me some company?
我说：er...i can treat you lunch if you want?where do you want to eat?
白男：can you come to my apartment? its so cold outside and its my birthday!
!
我一听，不对阿，就因为是你的birthday，我要去你的住处？于是我说：i don't
think that is a good idea...
白男立刻发飙：whatever, don't flatter yourself. If you feel strongly about
not setting foot into my bedroom, you should take your box out of here!
补充：我两周前因为搬家有个纸箱子放在他那里，他之前很热情的说，放1,2个月都没
有问题,我才放他那儿。这下真面目暴露，让我立刻去拿我的箱子。我很生气，我和他
没有任何特殊关系，竟然想我那样陪他，不答应就立刻变脸。为什么不能有缓冲的时间
，让我有点儿心理准备呢？
心情极度低落，求安慰！ | u**c
发帖数: 17972 | 2 你男的女的？
birthday!
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 认识此人源于我的前室友（老SK)，此人当时与我前室友约会了大约一年，因为经常来
: 我们apartment等我前室友，性格也蛮开朗，就也因此成为了朋友。2年前他失去工作，
: 心情变差，因为老SK海归，他们无奈分手了。后来我也搬出去一个人住了。我和这个白
: 男也时不时联系下，都当作是朋友。
: 今天是此男生日，出于礼貌，我发了短信： happy birthday! any big plan today？
: 白男回信：not yet...will you come to my apartment give me some company?
: 我说：er...i can treat you lunch if you want?where do you want to eat?
: 白男：can you come to my apartment? its so cold outside and its my birthday!
: !
: 我一听，不对阿，就因为是你的birthday，我要去你的住处？于是我说：i don't
| S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 3 男的
【在 u**c 的大作中提到】
: 你男的女的？
:
: birthday!
| g*****A
发帖数: 14950 | 4 他啊需要什么就是什么
可以转换的
【在 u**c 的大作中提到】
: 你男的女的？
:
: birthday!
| u*******m
发帖数: 3395 | | S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 6 没有
现在不敢去拿了
【在 u*******m 的大作中提到】
: 那箱子拿回来了么？
| M****r
发帖数: 6153 | 7 怕被爆太阳花？
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 没有
: 现在不敢去拿了
| S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 8 女生也说下流话？羞羞
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 怕被爆太阳花？
| u**c
发帖数: 17972 | 9 辛苦了
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 男的
| u**c
发帖数: 17972 | 10 牛
【在 g*****A 的大作中提到】
: 他啊需要什么就是什么
: 可以转换的
| | | M****r
发帖数: 6153 | 11 哪个字下流了？
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 女生也说下流话？羞羞
| S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 12 我说不出口～～～
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 哪个字下流了？
| M****r
发帖数: 6153 | 13 那你写出来。
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 我说不出口～～～
| k****L
发帖数: 563 | 14 请好运搬家帮你运回来吧：）
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 没有
: 现在不敢去拿了
| S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 15 SODOMY
SOOOOO～～～DOOOOOO～～～MY
满意啦？
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 那你写出来。
| M****r
发帖数: 6153 | 16 看不懂。。。
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: SODOMY
: SOOOOO～～～DOOOOOO～～～MY
: 满意啦？
| S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 17 Sodomy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/) is any non-penile/vaginal copulation-like
act, such as oral or anal sex, or sex between a person and an animal.[1] The
word is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in chapters 18 and 19
of the Book of Genesis in the Bible.[1] So-called "sodomy laws" in many
countries criminalized not only these behaviors, but other disfavored sexual
activities as well, but in the Western world, many of these laws have been
overturned, or are not routinely enforced.
Contents
1 Terminology
2 History
2.1 Hebrew Bible
2.2 Roman Empire period
2.2.1 New Testament
2.2.2 Epistle of Jude
2.2.3 Philo
2.2.4 Josephus
2.3 Medieval Christendom
2.4 Sodomy laws in 18th-century Europe
3 Modern sodomy laws
3.1 United States
4 World religions
4.1 Christianity
4.2 Judaism
4.3 Islam
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Terminology
The term comes from the Ecclesiastical Latin: peccatum Sodomiticum, or "sin
of Sodom" and is derived from the Greek word Σόδομα Sódoma.[2]
The Book of Genesis (chapters 18-20) tells how God wished to destroy the
sinful cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. Two angels (literally "messengers") are
invited by Lot to take refuge with his family for the night. The men of
Sodom surrounded Lot's house and demanded that he bring the messengers out,
so that they can "know" them. Lot protests that the "messengers" are his
guests, and offers them his virgin daughters instead, but the Sodomites
threaten to "do worse" with Lot than with his guests; whereupon the angels
strike the Sodomites blind, "so that they wearied themselves to find the
door." (Genesis 19:4-11, KJV)
In current usage, the term is particularly used in law. Laws prohibiting
sodomy were seen frequently in past Jewish, Christian, and Islamic
civilizations, but the term has little modern usage outside Africa, the
Islamic countries and the United States.[3] In the various criminal codes of
the U.S. the term "sodomy" has generally been replaced by "Deviant sexual
intercourse", which is described as any form of penetrative intercourse or
cunnilingus between unmarried persons.[4] These laws have been challenged
and have sometimes been found unconstitutional or been replaced with
different legislation.[5] Elsewhere, the legal use of the term "sodomy" is
restricted to rape cases where anal penetration has taken place.[6]
In French, the word "sodomie" (verb "sodomiser"), and in Spanish, the word "
sodomía" (verb sodomizar), is used exclusively for anal penetration.
In modern German, the word "Sodomie" has no connotation of anal or oral sex,
and refers specifically to bestiality. (See Paragraph 175 StGB, version of
June 28, 1935.) The same goes for the Polish "sodomia". The Norwegian word "
sodomi" carries the both senses.
In Arabic and Persian, the word for sodomy, لواط (
Arabic pronunciation: liwāṭ; Persian pronunciation lavât), is
derived from the same source as in Western culture, with much the same
connotations as English (referring to most sexual acts prohibited by the Qur
'an). Its direct reference is to Lot (لوط Lūṭ in
Arabic), and a more literal interpretation of the word is "the practice of
Lot," but more accurately it means "the practice of Lot's people" (the
Sodomites) rather than Lot himself.
The word "sod", a noun or verb (to "sod off") used as an insult, is derived
from sodomite.[7][8] It is a general-purpose insult term for anyone the
speaker dislikes without specific reference to their sexual behaviour. Sod
is used as slang in the UK and Commonwealth and is mildly offensive.
History
Hebrew Bible
In the Hebrew Bible, Sodom was a city destroyed by God because of the evil
of its inhabitants. No specific sin is given as the reason for God's great
wrath. The story of the Sodom's destruction — and of Abraham's failed
attempt to intercede with God and prevent that destruction — appears in
Genesis 18–19.
The connection between Sodom and homosexuality is derived from the depicted
attempt of a mob of city people to rape Lot's male guests. Some say the
sinfulness of that, for the original writers of the Biblical account, might
have consisted mainly in the violation of the obligations of hospitality.
This view does not take into account that before the "guests" arrived in the
city Genesis 18:v17 and any "hospitality" could have been rendered, its
destruction was already planned. (In The Book of Judges, 19-21, there is an
account, similar in many ways, where Gibeah, a city of the Benjamin tribe,
is destroyed by the other tribes of Israel in revenge for a mob of its
inhabitants raping and killing a woman.)
Many times in the Pentateuch and Prophets, writers use God's destruction of
Sodom to demonstrate His awesome power. This happens in Deuteronomy 29,
Isaiah 1, 3, and 13, Jeremiah 49 and 50, Lamentations 4, Amos 4.11, and
Zephaniah 2.9. Deuteronomy 32, Jeremiah 23.14 and Lamentations 4 reference
the sinfulness of Sodom but do not specify any particular sin. Specific sins
which Sodom is linked to include adultery and lying (Jeremiah 23:14),
impenitence (Matthew 11:23, careless living (Luke 17:28), fornication (Jude
1:7 KJV), and an overall "filthy" lifestyle (2 Peter 2:7), which word ("
aselgeiais") elsewhere is rendered in the KJV as lasciviousness (Mark 7:22;
2 Corinthians 12:21; Ephesians 4:19; 1 Peter 4:3; Jude 1:4, or wantonness: (
Romans 13:13; 2 Peter 2:18).
In Ezekiel 16, a long comparison is made between Sodom and the Kingdom of
Israel. "Yet you have not merely walked in their ways or done according to
their abominations; but, as if that were too little, you acted more
corruptly in all your conduct than they." (Ezekiel 16.47 New American
Standard Bible)
Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: she and her daughters
had arrogance, abundant food and careless ease, but she did not help the
poor and needy. Thus they were haughty and committed abominations before Me.
(Ezekiel 16.49–50 NASB)
- but note that the Hebrew for the word 'thus' is the conjunction 'ו'
which is usually translated 'and' - thus KJV. NIV and CEV omit the word
entirely.
There is no explicit mention of any sexual sin in Ezekiel's summation, and "
abomination" is used to describe many sins.
The Authorized King James Version translates Deuteronomy 23:17 as "There
shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of
Israel," but the word corresponding to "sodomite" in the Hebrew original,
Qadesh (Hebrew:קדש) does not refer to Sodom, and has been
translated in the New International Version as "shrine prostitute"; male
shrine prostitutes may have served barren women in fertility rites rather
than engaging in homosexual acts; this also applies to other instances of
the word sodomite in the King James Version.[9][10]
Roman Empire period
New Testament
The New Testament, like the Old Testament, references Sodom as a place of
God's anger against sin, but the Epistle of Jude provides a certain class of
sin as causative of its destruction, the meaning of which is disputed.
Jude 1:5 I will therefore put you in remembrance, though ye once knew
this, how that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt,
afterward destroyed them that believed not.
6 And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own
habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the
judgment of the great day.
7 Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner,
giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are
set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.
— Authorized King James Version
Compare Jude 1:7 in multiple versions
The Greek word in the New Testament from which the phrase is translated "
giving themselves over to fornication", is "ekporneuō" ("ek" and "porneuō"
). As one word it is not used elsewhere in the New Testament, but occurs in
the Septuagint to denote whoredom (Genesis 38:24 and Exodus 34:15). Some
modern translations as the NIV render it as "sexual immorality."
The Greek words for "strange flesh" are "heteros", which almost always
basically denotes "another/other," and "sarx," a common word for "flesh,"
and usually refers to the physical body or the nature of man or of an
ordinance.
Epistle of Jude
The Epistle of Jude in the New Testament echoes the Genesis narrative and
potentially adds the sexually immoral aspects of Sodom's sins: '…just as
Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities, which likewise indulged in
sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by
undergoing a punishment of eternal fire'. (v. 7, English Standard Version).
The phrase rendered "sexual immorality and unnatural desire" is translated "
strange flesh" or "false flesh", but it is not entirely clear what it refers
to.
One theory is that it is just a reference to the “strange flesh” of the
intended rape victims, who were angels, not men.[11] Countering this is
traditional interpretation, which notes that the angels were sent to
investigate an ongoing regional problem(Gn. 18) of fornication, and
extraordinarily so, that of a homosexual nature,[12][13] "out of the order
of nature."[14] "Strange" is understood to mean "outside the moral law",[15]
(Romans 7:3; Galatians 1:6) while it is doubted that either Lot or the men
of Sodom understood that the strangers were angels at the time.[16]
Philo
The Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo (20 BC - 50 AD) described the
inhabitants of Sodom in an extra biblical account:
"As men, being unable to bear discreetly a satiety of these things, get
restive like cattle, and become stiff-necked, and discard the laws of nature
, pursuing a great and intemperate indulgence of gluttony, and drinking, and
unlawful connections; for not only did they go mad after other women, and
defile the marriage bed of others, but also those who were men lusted after
one another, doing unseemly things, and not regarding or respecting their
common nature, and though eager for children, they were convicted by having
only an abortive offspring; but the conviction produced no advantage, since
they were overcome by violent desire; and so by degrees, the men became
accustomed to be treated like women, and in this way engendered among
themselves the disease of females, and intolerable evil; for they not only,
as to effeminacy and delicacy, became like women in their persons, but they
also made their souls most ignoble, corrupting in this way the whole race of
men, as far as depended on them" (133-35; ET Jonge 422-23).[17]
Josephus
The Jewish historian Josephus used the term “Sodomites” in summarizing the
Genesis narrative: “About this time the Sodomites grew proud, on account
of their riches and great wealth; they became unjust towards men, and
impious towards God, in so much that they did not call to mind the
advantages they received from him: they hated strangers, and abused
themselves with Sodomitical practices” "Now when the Sodomites saw the
young men to be of beautiful countenances, and this to an extraordinary
degree, and that they took up their lodgings with Lot, they resolved
themselves to enjoy these beautiful boys by force and violence; and when Lot
exhorted them to sobriety, and not to offer any thing immodest to the
strangers, but to have regard to their lodging in his house; and promised
that if their inclinations could not be governed, he would expose his
daughters to their lust, instead of these strangers; neither thus were they
made ashamed." (Antiquities 1.11.1,3 [3] — circa AD 96). His assessment
goes beyond the Biblical data, though it is seen by conservatives as
defining what manner of fornication (Jude 1:7) Sodom was given to.
Medieval Christendom
Dante and Virgil interview the sodomites, from Guido da Pisa's commentary on
the Commedia, c. 1345
The primarily sexual meaning of the word sodomia for Christians did not
evolve before the 6th century AD. Roman Emperor Justinian I, in his novels
no. 77 (dating 538) and no. 141 (dating 559) amended to his Corpus iuris
civilis, and declared that Sodom's sin had been specifically same-sex
activities and desire for them. He also linked "famines, earthquakes, and
pestilences" upon cities as being due to "such crimes",[18] during a time of
recent earthquakes and other disasters (see Extreme weather events of 535–
536). It is understood by some[who?] that he was able to use the anti-
homosexual laws he enacted upon personal as well as political opponents in
case he could not prove them guilty of anything else.[citation needed]
While adhering to the death penalty by beheading as punishment for
homosexuality or adultery, Justinian's legal novels heralded a change in
Roman legal paradigm[19] in that he introduced a concept of not only secular
but also divine punishment for homosexual behavior. Individuals might
ignore and escape secular laws, but they could not do the same with divine
laws, if Justinian declared his novels to be such.[citation needed]
Christians earlier than Justinian are also seen to denounce same-sex
relations. St. John Chrysostom in the 4th century regarded such as worse
than murder in his fourth homily on Romans 1:26-27 [4], while Paul the
Apostle in the Epistle to the Romans referred to same sex relations as "
shameful lust" and which acts were contrary to nature, with men suffering a
"due penalty" in their bodies. Just like the Jews, early Christians prior to
Justinian I are not known to have used the word sodomia for the carnal sin
they abhorred, though Philo of Alexandria (20 BC - 50 AD)[20] and Methodius
of Olympus (AD 260-312)[21] attributed homosexual relations to Sodom, as may
have Josephus, (AD 37 – c. 100)[22][23] Augustine of Hippo, (AD 354-430)[
24] and certain pseudepigraphacal texts.[25][26][27]
Justinian's interpretation of the story of Sodom may have been forgotten
today (as some hold it had been, along with his law novellizations regarding
homosexual behavior immediately after his death) had it not been made use
of in fake Charlemagnian capitularies, fabricated by a Frankish monk using
the pseudonym Benedictus Levita ("Benedict the Levite") around 850 AD, as
part of the Pseudo-Isidore. Benedict's three capitularies particularly
dealing with Justinian's interpretation of the story of Sodom were:
XXI. De diversis malorum flagitiis. ("No. 21: On manifold disgraceful
wrongs")
CXLIII. De sceleribus nefandis ob quae regna percussa sunt, ut penitus
caveantur. ("No. 143: On sinful vices due to which empires have crumbled, so
that we shall do our best to beware of them")
CLX. De patratoribus diversorum malorum. ("No. 160: On the perpetrators
of manifold evil deeds")
It was in these fake capitularies where Benedictus utilized Justinian's
interpretation as a justification for ecclesiastical supremacy over mundane
institutions, thereby demanding burning at the stake for carnal sins in the
name of Charlemagne himself. Burning had been part of the standard penalty
for homosexual behavior particularly common in Germanic protohistory (as
according to Germanic folklore, sexual deviance and especially same-sex
desire were caused by a form of malevolence or spiritual evil called nith,
rendering those people characterized by it as non-human fiends, as nithings)
, and Benedictus most probably was of the Germanic tribe of the Franks.
Benedict broadened the meaning for sodomy to all sexual acts not related to
procreation that were therefore deemed counter nature (so for instance, even
solitary masturbation and anal intercourse between a male and a female were
covered), while among these he still emphasized all interpersonal acts not
taking place between human men and women, especially homosexuality.
Benedict's rationale was that the punishment of such acts was in order to
protect all Christianity from divine punishments such as natural disasters
for carnal sins committed by individuals, but also for heresy, superstition
and heathenry. According to Benedictus, this was why all mundane
institutions had to be subjected to ecclesiastical power in order to prevent
moral as well as religious laxity causing divine wrath.[citation needed]
For delaying reasons described in the article Pseudo-Isidore, but also
because his crucial demands for capital punishment had been so unheard of in
ecclesiastical history priorly based upon the humane Christian concept of
forgiveness and mercy, it took several centuries before Benedict's demands
for legal reform began to take tangible shape within larger ecclesiastical
initiatives.
This came about with the Medieval Inquisition in 1184. The sects of Cathars
and Waldensians were a common target, and these heretics were not only
persecuted for alleged satanism but were increasingly accused of fornication
and sodomy. In 1307, accusations of sodomy and homosexuality were major
charges levelled during the Trial of the Knights Templar. Some of these
charges were specifically directed at the Grand Master of the order, Jacques
de Molay.[28] It is this event, which led into the medieval and early-
modern witch hunts that were also largely connoted with sodomy.[29]
Persecution of Cathars and the Bogomiles sect in Bulgaria led to the use of
a term closely related to sodomy: buggery derives from French bouggerie,
meaning "of Bulgaria".[30]
The association of sodomy with hereticism, satanism, and witchcraft was
supported by the Inquisition trials. The resulting infamy of sodomy
motivated a continuing discrimination and persecution of homosexuals and
sexual deviants in general long after the Medieval period had ended.[
citation needed]
The Book of Wisdom, which is included in the Biblical canon by Orthodox and
Roman Catholics, but excluded by modern Jews, Protestants, and other
Christian denominations, makes reference to the story of Sodom, further
emphasizing that their sin had been failing to practice hospitality:
"And punishments came upon the sinners not without former signs by the
force of thunders: for they suffered justly according to their own
wickedness, insomuch as they used a more hard and hateful behavior toward
strangers."
"For the Sodomites did not receive those, whom they knew not when they
came: but these brought friends into bondage, that had well deserved of them
." (KJV, Wisdom 19:13-14)
Sodomy laws in 18th-century Europe
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2010)
A wanted poster, published in the city of Amsterdam in 1730, accusing ten
men of "the abominable crime of sodomy" (de verfoeyelyke Crimen van Sodomie)
An examination of trials for rape and sodomy during the 18th century at the
Old Bailey in London shows that the treatment of rape was often lenient,
while the treatment of sodomy was often severe. However, the difficulty of
proving that penetration and ejaculation had occurred meant that men were
often convicted of the lesser charge of 'assault with sodomitical intent',
which was not a capital offence.[31]
In France in the 18th century, sodomy was still theoretically a capital
crime, and there are a handful of cases where sodomites were executed.
However, in several of these, other crimes were involved as well. Records
from the Bastille and the police lieutenant d'Argenson, as well as other
sources, show that many who were arrested were exiled, sent to a regiment,
or imprisoned in places (generally the Hospital) associated with moral
crimes such as prostitution. Of these, a number were involved in
prostitution or had approached children, or otherwise gone beyond merely
having homosexual relations. Ravaisson (a 19th century writer who edited the
Bastille records) suggested that the authorities preferred to handle these
cases discreetly, lest public punishments in effect publicize "this vice".[
citation needed]
EXECUTION OUTSIDE NEWGATE
Periodicals of the time sometimes casually named known sodomites, and at one
point even suggested that sodomy was increasingly popular. This does not
imply that sodomites necessarily lived in security - specific police agents,
for instance, watched the Tuileries, even then a known cruising area. But,
as with much sexual behaviour under the Old Regime, discretion was a key
concern on all sides (especially since members of prominent families were
sometimes implicated) - the law seemed most concerned with those who were
the least discreet.[citation needed]
In 1730, there was a wave of sodomy trials in the Netherlands; some 250 men
were summoned before the authorities; 91 faced decrees of exile for not
appearing. At least 60 men were sentenced to death.[32]
The last two Englishmen that were hanged for sodomy were executed in 1835.
John Pratt and John Smith died in front of the Newgate Prison in London on
the 27th of November of that year.[33][34]They had been prosecuted under the
1533 Buggery Act.
Modern sodomy laws
Main article: Sodomy law
United States
Main article: Sodomy laws in the United States
In the 1950s, all states had some form of law criminalizing sodomy, and in
1986 the United States Supreme Court ruled that nothing in the United States
Constitution bars a state from prohibiting sodomy. However, state
legislators and state courts had started to repeal or overturn their sodomy
laws, beginning with Illinois in 1961, and thus in 2003, only 10 states had
laws prohibiting all sodomy, with penalties ranging from 1 to 15 years
imprisonment. Additionally, four other states had laws that specifically
prohibited same-sex sodomy.
On June 26, 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court in a 6-3 decision in Lawrence v.
Texas struck down the Texas same-sex sodomy law, ruling that this private
sexual conduct is protected by the liberty rights implicit in the due
process clause of the United States Constitution, with Sandra Day O'Connor's
concurring opinion arguing that they violated equal protection. See Sodomy
law.. This decision invalidated all state sodomy laws insofar as they
applied to noncommercial conduct in private between consenting civilians and
overruled its 1986 ruling in Bowers v. Hardwick which upheld Georgia's
sodomy law.
In the U.S. military, the United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals has
ruled that the Lawrence v. Texas decision applies to Article 125 of the
Uniform Code of Military Justice, the statute banning sodomy. In both United
States v. Stirewalt and United States v. Marcum, the court ruled that the "
conduct falls within the liberty interest identified by the Supreme Court."[
35] However, the court went on to say that despite Lawrence's application to
the military, Article 125 can still be upheld in cases where there are "
factors unique to the military environment" which would place the conduct "
outside any protected liberty interest recognized in Lawrence."[36] Examples
of such factors could be fraternization, public sexual behavior, or any
other factors that would adversely affect good order and discipline. United
States v. Meno and United States v. Bullock are two known cases in which
consensual sodomy convictions have been overturned in military courts under
the Lawrence precedent.[37]
World religions
Views on sodomy in contemporary world religions.
Christianity
The traditional interpretation sees the primary sin of Sodom as being
homoerotic sexual acts,[38][39] connecting the Sodom narrative with
Leviticus 18, which lists various sexual crimes, which, according to verses
27 and 28, would result in the land being “defiled”:
for the inhabitants of the land, who were before you, committed all of
these abominations, and the land became defiled; otherwise the land will
vomit you out for defiling it, as it vomited out the nation that was before
you.
Some scholars, such as Per-Axel Sverker, align this passage with the
traditional interpretation, claiming that the word abomination refers to
sexual misconduct, and that while homoerotic acts were not the only reason
Sodom and Gomorrah were condemned, it was a significant part of the picture.
Others, the earliest of whom was Derrick Sherwin Bailey, claim that this
passage contradicts the traditional interpretation altogether. In their view
the sins of Sodom were related more to violation of hospitality laws than
sexual sins.[40]
The primary word in contention is the Hebrew word yâda‛ used for
know in the Old Testament. Biblical scholars disagree on what "know" in this
instance refers to, but most of conservative Christianity interprets it to
mean "sexual intercourse",[41][42] while the opposing position interprets it
to mean "interrogate."[43] Lot's offering of his two virgins has been
interpreted to mean that Lot is offering a compromise to assure the crowd
that the two men have no untoward intentions in town, or that he is offering
his virgins as a substitute for the men to "know" by sexual intercourse.
Those who oppose the interpretation of sexual intent toward Lot's guests
point out that there are over 930 occurrences of the Hebrew word (yâda&
#8219;) for "know" in the Old Testament, and its use to denote sexual
intercourse only occurs about a dozen times, and in the Septuagint it is not
rendered sexually. Countering this is the argument that most of the uses of
yâda‛ denoting sex is in Genesis,[44] (including once for
premarital sex: Genesis 38:26), and in verse 8 sex the obvious meaning. Its
use in the parallel story in Judges 19 is also invoked in support of this
meaning,[45][46] with it otherwise providing the only instance of "knowing"
someone by violence.
Judaism
"Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fullness of
bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither
did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. 50And they were haughty,
and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw
good." (KJV, Ezekiel 16:49-50).
Classical Jewish texts are seen by many as not stressing the homosexual
aspect of the attitude of the inhabitants of Sodom as much as their cruelty
and lack of hospitality to the "stranger." [47] The 13th-century Jewish
scholar Nachmanides wrote, “According to our sages, they were notorious for
every evil, but their fate was sealed for their persistence in not
supporting the poor and the needy.” His contemporary Rabbenu Yonah
expresses the same view: “Scripture attributes their annihilation to their
failure to practice tzedakah [charity or justice].” [48] Prohibitions on
same-sex activities among men (#157) and bestiality (#155-156) are among the
613 commandments as listed by Maimonides in the 12th century; however,
their source in Leviticus 18 does not contain the word sodomy. The idea that
homosexual intercourse was involved as at least a part of the evil of Sodom
arises from the story in Genesis 19
Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of
Sodom - both young and old - surrounded the house. They called to Lot, "
Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we
can have sex with them."
That is the NIV translation. (Gen.19:4–7 compare) The Hebrew verb used is
to know, which can have a sexual meaning in the Bible, but doesn't always,
and might have a sexual meaning here, judging from Lot's shocked reaction:
"No, my friends. Don't do this wicked thing..."
Islam
While the Quran clearly disapproves of the sexual practices of the "people
of Lot," ("What, of all creatures do ye come unto the males, and leave the
wives your Lord created for you?"),[49] only one passage can be interpreted
as taking a particular legal position towards such activities: "As for the
two of you who are guilty thereof, punish them both; and if they repent and
improve, then let them be. Lo, God is relenting, merciful."[50] Hadith (
reports of Muhammad's sayings and deeds from those close to him in his
lifetime) on the subject are inconsistent, with different writers
interpreting the Prophet in different ways.[51] Shariah (Islamic law)
defines sodomy outside marriage as adultery or fornication or both, and it
thus attracts the same penalties as those crimes (flogging or death),
although the exact punishment varies with schools and scholars.[52] In
practice, few modern Muslim countries have legal systems based fully on
shariah, and an increasing number of Muslims do not look to shariah but to
the Quran itself for moral guidance.[52] For sodomy within marriage the
majority of Shiite interpreters hold that (l) anal intercourse, while
strongly disliked, is not haram (forbidden) provided the wife agrees, and (2
), if the wife does not agree, then it is preferable to refrain.[53]
Despite the formal disapproval of religious authority, the segregation of
women in Muslim societies and the strong emphasis on virility leads
adolescents and unmarried young men to seek sexual outlets with males
younger than themselves.[54] Not all sodomy is homosexual, but for many
young men heterosexual sodomy is considered better than vaginal penetration,
and female prostitutes report the demand for anal penetration from their (
male) clients.[55]
See also
Anal sex
The Bible and homosexuality
Buggery
Homosexuality and Christianity
Human sexual behavior
Prison rape
Religion and sexuality
Sodom and Gomorrah
References
Notes
^ a b Concise Oxford Dictionary[page needed]
^ myetymology.com, Sodomy
^ sodomy laws
^ e.g. New York State Penal Law, Article 130, "Deviant Sexual
Intercourse". The definition in this particular instance is as follows- "
Deviant sexual intercourse means sexual conduct between persons not married
to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, the
mouth and the penis or the mouth and the vulva".[1]
^ Lawrence v. Texas in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that
sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003
^ [Sodomy Laws around the World]
^ Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Main Entry: sod[3,noun]. "
Etymology: short for sodomite. Date: 1818."]
^ sod2 Compact Oxford English Dictionary, "ORIGIN abbreviation of
SODOMITE." June 23, 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-861022-9
^ Anderson, Ray Sherman (2001), The shape of practical theology:
empowering ministry with theological praxis, InterVarsity Press, p. 267,
ISBN 978-0-8308-1559-3
^ Jewett, Paul; Shuster, Marguerite (1996), Who we are: our dignity as
human : a neo-evangelical theology, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 296, ISBN
978-0-8028-4075-2
^ Boswell, p. 97
^ Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
^ Vincent's Word Studies
^ Commentary on the Old and New Testaments by Robert Jamieson, A. R.
Fausset and David Brown
^ Word pictures in the New Testament, Archibald Thomas Robertson
^ Gill, Gn. 19
^ The works of Philo a contemporary of Josephius Page 528
^ trans. in Derrick Sherwin Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western
Christian Tradition, (London: Longmans, Green, 1955), 73-74
^ For the legal and cultural background in Republican and Imperial Rome
prior to Christian rule, see Sexuality in ancient Rome and Lex Scantinia.
^ Jewish philosopher, Writing on the life of Abraham
^ Commentary on the sin of Sodom
^ Antiquities 1.11.1
^ 33-34; ET Jonge 422-23; The Sodom tradition in Romans Biblical
Theology Bulletin, Spring, 2004 by Philip F. Esler
^ Confessions. Commenting on the story of Sodom from Genesis 19
^ Testament of Benjamin; Concerning a Pure Mind, 9:1
^ Testament of Naphtali, 3.5
^ Book of the Secrets of Enoch (Slavonic Apocalypse of) 10:4; in J
recension Ch. I.118 (late 1st cent. AD)
^ G. Legman "The Guilt of the Templars" (New York: Basic Books, 1966):
11.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed. "Knights Templar"
^ Oxford English Dictionary
^ Crimes tried at the Old Bailey, Proceedings of the Old Bailey online
^ Rictor Norton, The Dutch Purge of Homosexuals 1730
^ See
^ Alternative date April 8, 1835, See [2] seen 2012
^ U.S. v. Stirewalt
^ U.S. v. Marcum
^ United States v. Meno, United States Court of Criminal Appeals
^ Robert A. J. Gagnon, The Bible and Homosexual Practice, pp. 73-74
^ Gagnon, Why the Disagreement over the Biblical Witness on Homosexual
Practice, pp. 46-50
^ Derrick Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition (
Hamden: Conn.: Archon, 1975 reprint from 1955), 4-5
^ Greg Bahnsen, Homosexuality: A Biblical View (Phillipsburg:
Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1978), p. 32.
^ A Reformed Response to Daniel Helminiak's Gay Theology, by Derrick K.
Olliff and Dewey H. Hodges
^ John J. McNeil, the Church and the Homosexual, p. 50
^ Homosexuality and the Old Testament, P. Michael Ukleja
^ Sodom—Inhospitality or Homosexuality?, by Dave Miller, Ph.D.,
Apologetics Press
^ Dr. James B. DeYoung, Homosexuality, pp. 118-122
^ The Inhospitable Sodomites
^ Tzedakah Activists vs. Sodomites, Shema Yisrael Torah Network
^ Sura 26:165-167, quoted in Wafer, p.88
^ Sura 4:16, quoted in Wafer, p.88
^ Wafer, p.89
^ a b Jivraj&de Jong, p.2
^ Al-Islam.org
^ Schmitt&Sofer, p.36
^ Dialmy, pp.32 and 35, footnote 34
Bibliography
Boswell, John, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (
University Of Chicago Press; 8th Edition. edition, 2005).
Crompton, Louis, Homosexuality and Civilization (Belknap Press, 2003)
Dialmy, Abdessamad (2010). Which Sex Education for Young Muslims?. World
Congress of Muslim Philanthropists.
Hays, Richard B. (2004), The Moral Vision of the New Testament (London:
Continuum). pg. 381
Jahangir, Junaid bin (2010). "Implied Cases for Muslim Same-Sex Unions".
In Samar Habib. Islam and homosexuality, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO.
Jordan, Mark D., The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1998).
Maccubbin, Robert Purks (ed.), 'Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized
Sexuality During the Enlightenment (Cambridge University Press, 1988)
Schmitt, Arno; Sofer, Jehoeda (1992). Sexuality and Eroticism among
Males in Muslim Societies. Haworth Press.
Schmitt, Arno (Volume IV, 2001-2002). Liwat im Fiqh: Männliche
Homosexualität?. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies.
Van Jivraj, Suhraiya; de Jong, Anisa (2001). Muslim Moral Instruction on
Homosexuality. Yoesuf Foundation Conference on Islam in the West and
Homosexuality – Strategies for Action.
Wafer, Jim (1997). "Mohammad and Male Homosexuality". In Stephen O.
Murray & Will Roscoe. Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History and
Literature. New York University Press.
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 看不懂。。。
| L**W
发帖数: 2277 | | d*********e
发帖数: 1114 | 19 坑王果然学识渊博。。。
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: SODOMY
: SOOOOO～～～DOOOOOO～～～MY
: 满意啦？
| d*********e
发帖数: 1114 | 20 新SK应该仍然是女的吧？
【在 S*********g 的大作中提到】
: 男的
| | | M****r
发帖数: 6153 | | B****o
发帖数: 8307 | 22 哈哈哈
怕被爆太阳花？
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 怕被爆太阳花？
| u*******m
发帖数: 3395 | 23 爱卿平身……
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 跪了。。。
| M****r
发帖数: 6153 | 24 你。。。你。。。谢大爷。。。
【在 u*******m 的大作中提到】
: 爱卿平身……
| u*******m
发帖数: 3395 | 25 总算赚回来了。鳖了一下午。 ^o^
【在 M****r 的大作中提到】
: 你。。。你。。。谢大爷。。。
| c****a
发帖数: 482 | |
|
