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TrustInJesus版 - 圣经无误之现有资源
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G*******s
发帖数: 4956
1
圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
首贴:索引
关于圣经无误的信息索引
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
15gq7.html
芝加哥圣经无误宣言 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015gq8.html
芝加哥圣经解释宣言 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015gq9.html
芝加哥圣经应用宣言(英文) http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015ops.html
威斯敏斯特信条第一章 论圣经 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m8x.
html
林慈信牧师编著 《主曾晓谕:无误圣经》 (因版权原因目前无法提供全文)
吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会讲课音频视频 (基督仆人更新中心CLRC愿意提供,但是需要
代祷求神开路能够到达各位手上)
本文地址:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
G*******s
发帖数: 4956
2
二楼:
芝加哥圣经无误宣言 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015gq8.html
芝加哥「《聖經》無誤」宣言 (2012-04-25 04:07:42)[编辑][删除]转载▼
标签: 圣经 圣经无误 芝加哥 圣经无误宣言 杂谈 分类: 圣经研经
芝加哥「《聖經》無誤」宣言
[《芝加哥聖經無誤宣言》」源自1978年10月26~28日在美
國芝加哥市所舉行為期三天的國際會議,此會議是由1977年成立
之「國際「《聖經》無誤」協會」(the International Council on
Biblical Inerrancy)負責召開,共有來自基督教各宗各派,將近三百
位教會領袖與神學家參加,大會制訂並發表此宣言。]
序言
無論是今天或是在歷代基督教會中,「《聖經》的權威」一向是
關鍵的議題。舉凡相信耶穌基督是主和救主的人,均蒙召要謙卑而忠
誠地順服神的話成文的道,藉此來表明他們真是主的門徒。人若在信
仰或行為上偏離《聖經》,便是對主不忠。《聖經》所說的全部是真
實的、絕對可信的;承認此基要真理,我們才能徹底了解並正確告白
《聖經》的權威。
以下的宣言重新確認《聖經》的無誤,表明我們對此真理的認
識,並警告絕不可否認之。我們深信:否認《聖經》無誤,就是撇
棄耶穌基督和聖靈的見證,也就是拒絕順從神所宣告的話語而順
從神所宣告的話語正是真基督徒信仰的標記。現今有些基督徒在偏
離《聖經》無誤的真理,而世人又普遍對此教義有所誤解;面對這
種情況,重新確認《聖經》無誤的信仰,實乃我們當務之急。
此篇宣言包括三部分:(一)宣言概要;(二)確認和否認的
條文;(三)解釋說明。這篇宣言是經由在芝加哥召開的三日研討會
後訂出的,參與簽署宣言概要及條文者表明:他們確認自己堅信《聖
經》無誤,彼此勸勉,並激勵所有基督徒,要大家增進對此教義的認
識了解。我們承認要在時間短促緊湊的會議上,制訂出一份文件,難
免有局限之處;我們也不認為這份宣言具有信條的份量。然而,大家
聚集討論加深了我們所懷的信念,為此我們深感喜樂。我們也禱告:
盼望這份我們所簽署的宣言,能使我們的神得著榮耀,促進教會在信
仰、生活和使命上改革更新。
我們不是為著爭辯,而是本著謙卑和愛心將此宣言公諸人前,我
們也願靠著神的恩典,定意在日後任何由此宣言而起的對話中,繼續
持守這種精神。我們樂於承認:許多否認《聖經》無誤的人,在信仰
生活其他方面並未顯出他們否認此真理的後果;而我們也知道:我們
這些口裡承認此教義的人,未能在思想行為和傳統作法上真心遵從神
的話,以致生活中所行的經常與此教義相左。
我們歡迎任何人根據《聖經》本身的亮光,提出本宣言需要增補
之處。我們所宣告的,是以《聖經》絕對無誤的權威為根基。我們不
認為我們的見證是無謬誤的,所以,任何幫助,只要能加強我們此篇
為「神的話」作的見證,我們都無任感激。
宣言概要
1. 神就是真理,凡從祂口所出的皆為真理。神已經默示《聖經》,
為要以此向失喪的人啟示祂自己,藉著基督顯明自己是創造者與
主宰、救贖主和審判者。聖經是神為祂自己所作的見證。
2. 《聖經》是神自己的話,這些話是在聖靈的安排和監督下,由人
執筆寫成的。所以凡聖經所論到的一切事,均具有無誤的神聖權
威:凡它所確認的,皆為神的教訓,我們應當相信;凡它所要求
的,都是神的命令,我們必須順服;凡它所應許的,都是神的保
證,我們應當領受。
3. 聖靈是《聖經》的作者,祂不但在我們裡面見證《聖經》為真
實,祂也開啟我們的心,使我們明白《聖經》的意思。
4. 《聖經》既是神所賜的,又是神逐字默示的,它一切的教導當然
也都沒有錯誤:不但在見證神對個人生命之救恩時,是沒有錯誤
的;在論及《聖經》自身寫成文字是源出於神時,以及論到神在
創造與世界歷史中的作為時,也都是完全沒有錯誤的。
5. 如果「《聖經》是神的話,完全無謬誤」的真理,在任何方面被
人貶低、局限、視為無關緊要、或是讓人用不合《聖經》的理論
來沖淡的話,則《聖經》的權威勢將無可避免地遭損;而此偏差
使得信徒個人和教會整體均蒙受嚴重的損失。
「確認」和「否認」的條文
第一條 我們確認: 《聖經》是神權威的話語。
我們否認: 《聖經》的權威是來自教會、傳統或任何
其他屬人的來源。
第二條 我們確認: 《聖經》是用以管制人類良心的最高成文
標準,教會的權威隸屬於《聖經》的權威
之下。
我們否認: 任何教會的信條、會議、宣言擁有高過或
等同於《聖經》的權威。
第三條 我們確認: 全本《聖經》都是神恩賜的啟示。
我們否認: 《聖經》僅是對「啟示」的見證;《聖
經》只有在神與人交會時,才變成啟示;
《聖經》的有效性是取決於人類的反應。
第四條 我們確認: 那按自己形像造人的神,是用人類的語言
作為祂啟示的工具。
我們否認: 因著人受限於被造的本質,以致人類的語
言不足以作為傳達神啟示的工具。
我們更否認: 人類的文化和語言因受罪惡的敗壞,以致
阻礙了神默示的作為。
第五條 我們確認: 神在《聖經》中的啟示是漸進的。
我們否認: 可應驗先前啟示的後來啟示,是為了修正
前者,或會與前者產生矛盾。
我們更否認: 自《新約聖經》完成之後,還有其他權威
性的啟示出現。
第六條 我們確認: 《聖經》的全部和其中每一部分,包括原
稿的每一個字,都是神所默示的。
我們否認: 人可以只承認《聖經》整體是神的默示,
卻不承認其中每一部分都是神的默示;或
只承認《聖經》某部分是神的默示,而不
承認全部《聖經》都是神的默示。
第七條 我們確認: 默示是神的工作,神藉著聖靈,透過人的
寫作,將祂的話賜給我們。《聖經》的
起源是出於神。神默示的方式,對我們而
言,大體上仍是奧祕。
我們否認: 可以將「默示」視為人的洞見,或人意識
的任何顛峰狀態。
第八條 我們確認: 神在默示時,使用了作者們各自的性格和
不同的文體,而這些作者都是祂所揀選和
預備的。
我們否認: 神在促使這些作者使用祂揀選的字句時,
壓抑了他們的風格。
第九條 我們確認: 聖靈的默示,雖然並未使得作者無所不
知,但卻保證了《聖經》作者們受感所說
所寫的每一件事,都是真確可信的。
我們否認: 這些作者因其有限與有罪,必然或偶然會
將曲解或錯誤帶入神的話中。
第十條 我們確認: 「默示」,嚴格說來,僅是針對《聖經》
原稿說的。在神的護理保守下,從現存許
多抄本可相當準確的確定原稿。我們更確
認:《聖經》的抄本與譯本,如忠實表達
原稿,即是神的話。
我們否認: 原稿的不在,使得基督教信仰的主要內容
受到任何影響。
我們更否認: 原稿的不在,使得「《聖經》無誤」的宣
稱變為無效或無關緊要。
第十一條 我們確認: 《聖經》既是神所默示的,就是絕對正確
的,以致在其所論及的一切事上,都是真
實可靠的,絕不會誤導我們。
我們否認: 《聖經》的陳述,有可能同時是無謬的又
是有誤的。「無謬」與「無誤」表達的重
點也許有別,但二者是密不可分的。
第十二條 我們確認: 全本《聖經》都是無誤的,沒有一點錯
誤、虛偽和欺騙。
我們否認: 《聖經》的無謬和無誤只限於屬靈、宗
教或救贖的論題範圍,而不涉及歷史和
科學的範圍。
我們更否認: 科學對地球歷史的假設, 可用來推翻
《聖經》中對創造及洪水的記載。
第十三條 我們確認: 使用「《聖經》無誤」作為神學名詞來說
明《聖經》之完全確實可信,是適當的。
我們否認: 人可以使用異於《聖經》用法或目的的正
誤標準,來衡量《聖經》。
我們更否認: 人可以《聖經》記錄的現象來否定《聖
經》的無誤,例如:缺乏現代科技的精確
度、文法和拼字上的不一致、自然現象的
觀察式描述、對虛謊事件的報導記載、誇
張語法和約略數字的使用、主題式編排材
料、平行經文不同形式的採用資料、自由
選取引句等。
第十四條 我們確認: 《聖經》是前後合一和內在一致的。
我們否認: 尚未解決所謂的《聖經》難題及不解之
處,會損及《聖經》的真理宣告。
第十五條 我們確認: 《聖經》無誤的教義,是建立在《聖經》
所教導的「默示」教訓上。
我們否認: 人可以訴諸耶穌的人性受到限制或調節,
而不接受祂論及聖經的教導。
第十六條 我們確認: 《聖經》無誤的教義,是教會從古至今的
基要信仰。
我們否認: 《聖經》無誤的教義是更正教經院哲學
派的發明,或是回應否定性的高等批判
學而設定的。
第十七條 我們確認: 聖靈為《聖經》作見證,使信徒確信神成
文的話語是真實的。
我們否認: 聖靈作這見證,是脫離《聖經》或是違反
《聖經》。
第十八條 我們確認: 《聖經》的經文必須根據「文法—歷史」
解經法來解釋,並要顧及其文體類別,並
要用「以經解經」的方式來解釋。
我們否認: 人可以使用處理經文或探究其背景來源的
各種方法,導致將經文沖淡相對化、除去
其歷史性、貶低其教訓、或否定其所宣示
的作者為真。
第十九條 我們確認: 認信《聖經》的完全權威、絕對無謬和完
全無誤,是確實了解基督教全面信仰不可
或缺的。
我們更確認: 如此認信,必會領人越來越效法基督的
模樣。
我們否認: 認信《聖經》無誤是得救的必要條件。
然而,
我們更否認: 拒絕《聖經》無誤,不會為個人和教會帶
來嚴重的後果。
解釋說明
我們對「《聖經》無誤」教義的了解,必須根據《聖經》論及其
本身的整體教訓。篇「解釋說明」列出我們撰寫「宣言概要」和「條
文」時所依據的教義大綱。
創造、啟示和默示
三位一體的真神,用祂的話語創造了萬物,並以祂的聖言統管萬
有;祂按著自己的形像造人,賜人生命與祂自己相交團契,這是依據
神本體內三位格之間永恆相愛交通的模式。人既是神的形像,就理當
聽從神對他說的話,在敬拜順服的喜樂中來回應神。神藉著受造界和
其中發生的事序來顯明祂自己;此外,自亞當以來,人類也一直都從
神領受話語的信息:或是直接從神而來(如《聖經》所記),或是間
接透過部分或全本《聖經》來傳遞。
亞當墮落後,創造主並未棄絕人類在最後審判之下,反而應許救
恩,開始藉連串的歷史事件向人類顯明祂自己是救贖主;這些歷史事
件是以亞伯拉罕家族為中心,發展至最後高潮:耶穌基督的降生、受
死、復活、現今在天上的職事和所應許的再來。在這歷史的架構中,
神多次向罪人曉諭明言審判和憐恤、應許和命令,為要引領人與祂建
立起一種相互委身的聖約關係;在這聖約關係中,祂要向人施百般恩
典,而人則以敬拜之心回應。摩西是神所用的中保,在出埃及時將神
的話傳遞給祂子民;摩西也是眾先知行列之首,神將祂的話擺在眾先
知的口裡與著作中,藉他們向以色列人傳講。神使用此連續不斷傳遞
信息的方式,目的在於堅立祂的聖約,這是藉著使祂的子民知道祂的
聖名(即祂的本性)和祂的旨意(即對現今與未來的命令和目的)達
成的。此「神之代言人」先知行列,到了道成肉身的耶穌基督(祂自
己本身是先知,比先知更大)和第一代基督徒的使徒和先知時,就告
終結。當神說出最後最高潮的信息(即祂向世人所說關於耶穌基督的
話)並經由使徒們闡釋明白之後,系列的啟示信息到此為止。從此之
後,教會要靠「神已說過的、也是為每個時代所說的話」來生活,來
認識祂。
在西乃山,神將祂的聖約條文寫在石版上,作為祂永遠的見證,
長久為人所知曉。在先知和使徒啟示時代的全程中,神促使人寫下祂
所賜給他們與藉他們傳揚的信息,連同神和祂百姓相交的可稱頌的記
錄,加上對聖約生活的道德反省,以及對聖約憐憫所發的讚美禱告各
類記錄,就形成了《聖經》。「《聖經》文獻的寫成是神所默示的」
此一事實,乃是對應「先知口傳的話是神的默示」之事實:雖然作者
的個性會從他們所寫的作品中表現出來,但所寫成的話都是神所立定
的。因此,凡《聖經》所說的,就是神所說的;《聖經》的權威就是
神的權威;因為神是《聖經》的終極作者。神透過祂所揀選與預備的
人,藉著他們的思想和言語賜下《聖經》;使他們在自由與信實裡
「被聖靈感動說出神的話來」(彼後1:21)。根據「《聖經》是源
出於神」此項事實,我們必須認定《聖經》是神的話。
權威:基督與《聖經》
神的兒子耶穌基督,是成為肉身的道,是我們的先知、祭司、
君王;祂也是神與人交通的真正中保,正如祂是神一切恩典賞賜的真
正中保一樣。耶穌基督給人的啟示並不僅是話語而已,祂也藉著祂的
臨在和作為將父神彰顯出來。然而,祂所說的話是至為重要;因祂是
神,祂所說的話都是從父神而來,而且祂的話也將在末日審判世人。
耶穌基督是所預言要來的彌賽亞,祂乃是《聖經》的中心主題。
《舊約聖經》前瞻祂的來臨,《新約聖經》則回顧祂的初臨,並期盼
祂的再來。《聖經》正典既是神所默示的,因此就是基督最權威的
見證。所以,凡不以這位歷史的基督為焦點的釋經法,我們都不能接
受。我們必須依照《聖經》的本質來對待《聖經》—即父神對道成肉
身之聖子所作的見證。
《舊約》正典在耶穌的時代就已告完成。《新約》正典也是已
經完成,因為今天已不會再有新的使徒,為歷史的基督作見證。在基
督再來之前,不會再有新的啟示(此與「聖靈光照我們明白現存的啟
示」不同)。「正典」基本上是由聖靈默示而創作的;教會的責任,
是要辨認出神已經創作的正典,並非由自己另訂安排一套正典。
「正典」一詞,乃準則或標準之意,是「權威」的指標,其意
是指「統治和掌管的權柄」。「權威」在基督教而言,屬於「啟示的
神」,這啟示一方面是指「耶穌基督,那永活的道」;另一方面是指
「《聖經》,那成文的道」。然而,基督的權威和《聖經》的權威是
同一的。基督作為我們的先知,祂見證說:聖經上的話是不能廢去
的;基督作為我們的祭司與君王,祂委身其在世生命來實現成全律法
和先知書上的話,甚至甘心受死,為了順從經上有關彌賽亞的預言。
由此可見,祂既認為《聖經》中是為祂和祂的權威作見證,祂自己就
藉著順服《聖經》來見證《聖經》的權威。祂自己既順從在其《聖
經》(即我們的《舊約聖經》)中父神所賜的指示,祂就要求門徒也
這樣做—然而,不是分開、乃是聯合使徒為祂自己所作的見證;此使
徒見證乃是基督親自執行的:藉著祂所賜的聖靈,默示使徒寫成的。
所以,基督徒若要表明自己是主忠心的僕人,就要順從神在先知與使
徒著作中所賜的教訓,即合在一起的《新舊約聖經》。
基督和《聖經》互相印證彼此的權威為真,因此,基督和《聖
經》合而為一,成為一體同源的權威。據此立場而言,「從《聖經》
來詮釋的基督」與「以基督為中心、宣揚基督的《聖經》」兩者誠屬
一體。既然從「默示的事實」來看,我們可以說:《聖經》說的話,
就是神的話;同樣地,從所啟示的「耶穌基督和聖經之間的關係」來
看,我們也可以宣告:《聖經》說的話,就是基督說的話。
《聖經》無謬、《聖經》無誤、《聖經》解釋
《聖經》既是神默示的話,為基督作權威的見證,理當是絕
對無謬的(infallible)和絕對無誤的(inerrant)。「無謬」和「無
誤」這兩個負面用詞有其特殊的價值,因為它們明確地保障了非常
要緊的正面真理。
「無謬infallible」詞表明「既不誤導人,也不被人誤導」的特
性,所以,此詞在範疇用語上絕對地保證「《聖經》在凡事上都是確
實、穩固、可靠的準則與指引」的真理。
「無誤inerrant」詞亦然,它表明「毫無虛假或錯誤」的特
性,所以,此詞保證「《聖經》所有的聲言敘述,都是全然真實可
信」的真理。
我們確認:解釋《聖經》正典,一定要根據「《聖經》是無謬的
和無誤的」此項真理。然而,我們在詮釋每段經文,判斷這些蒙神指
教的作者在其中所要表明的意思時,必須非常小心注意該段經文的宣
稱及其人類作品的特色。神默示人寫《聖經》時,使用了作者的文化
習俗環境背景,而這些環境背景是在神主權護理的管制之下。若持相
反想法,必是穿鑿附會錯解《聖經》。
所以,歷史必須視之為歷史,詩歌為詩歌,誇張語句與比喻就
是誇張語句與比喻,概括法和約略法皆如其所是……等等。我們也
要注意《聖經》時代的寫作習慣,和我們今日的不同。譬如:不按
時間次序敘事、約略引用文句,這些都是當時所慣用、所接受的,
並不會出人意外。所以,當我們讀到《聖經》作者們這樣做時,決
不能說是作者寫錯了。當所期待的或所定的目標,本來就不是要達
到某種特定的徹底精確,那麼未達到此標準時,當然不能視其為錯
誤。《聖經》是無誤的,並非指按現代標準衡量的絕對精確,乃是
說:《聖經》所聲稱的都是真的,依照其作者們定意的衡量標準,
來表明所要著重的真理。
《聖經》中文法或拼字有不一致的現象、現象式的描述自然界、
報導記載謊言假話(如撒但的謊言)、或兩段記載似乎有出入,這些
都不能用來否定《聖經》的真實。以這些所謂的「現象」作為理由,
來反對《聖經》論其自身的教導,這是不對的。當然,我們不應忽略
《聖經》中表面看來不協調之處。若能獲得可確信的解答,這必能激
勵我們的信心;若目前手邊沒有可確信的答案,雖然這些問題看似存
在,我們也應信靠祂的保證:「祂的話是真實的」,並堅信有一天真
相大白顯明這些問題根本是錯覺。我們要如此信靠與堅信,藉此來大
大榮耀祂尊崇祂。
因為《聖經》的啟示是獨一真神其心意的作品,所以,解釋《聖
經》必須在經文相互參照類比的範圍內,且必須避免各種假設可用某
段經文來糾正另一段經文,不論是假借「漸進性的啟示」之名,或托
詞「受默示的作者,其領受的亮光不完全」。
雖然《聖經》絕不致受文化的限制,以致無法將其教導放諸四海
而皆準,然而有時它是以當時的風俗習慣作為文化背景;所以,我們
今日在應用《聖經》原則時,也因而可能產生不同的作法。
懷疑主義與批判主義
自「文藝復興」以來,尤其在「啟蒙運動」之後所發展的世界
觀,皆對基督教基本信仰抱持懷疑態度。諸如:「不可知論」否認神
是可知的,「理性主義」否認神是無法測透的,「唯心論」否認神是
超越的,「存在主義」否認理性存在於神與我們的關係裡。當這些不
合《聖經》、反對《聖經》的原則,滲透入人們的神學前提觀念中,
人就無法忠實地解釋《聖經》,這正是今天司空見慣的事。
抄傳與翻譯
由於神從未曾應許《聖經》的抄寫傳遞是無誤的,因此我們必須
確認:惟有《聖經》的原稿正本是神所默示的,而並且必須使用
「經文鑑別學」作為工具,以校勘經文在抄寫過程中有無手民之誤。
然而,根據這門學科的研究所得定論是:希伯來文和希臘文的《聖
經》經文,保存完整的程度實在令人驚奇,所以,這使得我們有足夠
的理由,和《威斯敏斯特信仰告白》一樣,確認:經文的抄傳,完全
是出於神的護理保守。這也使得我們有足夠的理由宣告:《聖經》的
權威,絕不會因為我們現有抄本並非完全無誤而受損害。
同樣,《聖經》的譯本也沒有一本會是完全的,因為所有的譯本
皆與「原稿」又隔了一步。然而,語言學的研究得到的定論證實:起
碼在說英語的基督徒,擁有許多優秀的聖經譯本,可毫不猶豫的結論
說他們是得到了神的話。事實上,《聖經》常常複述所強調的主題真
理,和聖靈不斷地為《聖經》、藉《聖經》作見證;根據這兩件事實
來看,任何嚴謹翻譯的《聖經》,絕不會破壞《聖經》原意,使讀者
不能「因信基督耶穌而有得救的智慧」(提後3:15)。
無誤與權威
我們確認《聖經》的權威,包涵其所說的完全都是真理,我們
知道自己是站在基督及其使徒、站在整本《聖經》以及教會歷史主
流(從起初直到最近)的同一立場上。我們關切的是:今天許多人
草率粗心,糊里糊塗地放棄這個影響深遠的重要信仰。
我們也注意到:口說承認《聖經》有權威,但不再堅持《聖經》
是完全真實的,必將導致巨大嚴重的混淆。採取這樣步驟的結果是:
神所賜的《聖經》會失去它的權威,所剩下的不過是一本依從人的
批判辯論來刪減過的《聖經》;而且一旦此例一開,據此原則,《聖
經》可繼續被刪減下去。此即表明:追根究底,是人的獨立理性反成
了權威,用來反對《聖經》的教導。如果此事實未被認明而福音教義
目前仍被持守,則那些否認《聖經》完全無誤的人,可能會自稱是福
音派,然而在方法上他們已經離棄了福音派的認識原則,轉向一不穩
定的主觀主義,並且將越陷越深。
我們確認:《聖經》說的話,就是神說的話。願神得榮耀。阿
們!阿們!
(节自:林慈信《无误圣经》附录)
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【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
3
三楼:
芝加哥圣经解释宣言 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015gq9.html
芝加哥「聖經解釋」宣言 (2012-04-25 04:11:38)[编辑][删除]转载▼
标签: 杂谈 分类: 圣经研经
芝加哥「聖經解釋」宣言
「《聖經》無誤」國際協會於1978年10月26至28日,在芝加哥
召開「第一次高峰會議」,為要重新確認「《聖經》無誤」教義:清
楚宣示對此真理的認識,警告否認此教義的危險。神賜福與「第一次
高峰會議」,在往後數年裡,我們看見其成果超過所求所想。有關
「聖經無誤」教義的好書佳作,泉湧而來;對此真理的委身見證,日
益增多。這都使我們感恩不已,將頌讚歸於我們偉大的真神。
「第一次高峰會議」的工作,尚未全部終了;事實顯明,還有一
項主要任務必須完成。我們承認:相信「《聖經》無誤」是維護《聖
經》權威的根基;然而如此的承諾,與我們對《聖經》意義的認識解
釋,是等量齊觀的。因此需要有「第二次高峰會議」,主題集中在
「解釋《聖經》的原則與作法」。經過兩年的計畫籌備與寫作報告,
最後,我們終於在1982年11月10-13日於芝加哥召開此會議。
我們在此表明下列「確認與否認」的條文(與1978年的「芝加哥
宣言」所採的方式相同),作為我們表白「釋經」議題與原則的努力
成果。此次會議約有百位學者專家與教牧人員參加,我們並未宣稱對
此主題作了全備完善的處理,但是這些「確認與否認」條文,實在是
與會者共同一致的結論。我們的交流對話,增廣了彼此的見聞。我們
的禱告乃是:求神使用我們辛勞所結的果子,來幫助我們與他人,使
大家能更按正意來分解真理的道(提後二15)。
「確認與否認」條文
第一條 我們確認: 《聖經》的權威是準則規範的權威,是神
本身的權威,由耶穌基督(即教會的主)
所證實。
我們否認: 區分基督的權威與《聖經》的權威是合理
的,或將二者視為對立相抗。
第二條 我們確認: 正如基督是同一位格具神人二性,所以,
《聖經》是神的話以人類語言說出,二者
無法分開。
我們否認: 《聖經》的屈尊(使用人類語言)必使之
犯錯誤;正如我們否認:基督的人性(在
其降卑狀態)必使他犯罪。
第三條 我們確認: 耶穌基督的位格與工作,是整本《聖經》
的中心焦點。
我們否認: 任何拒絕或遮蔽「《聖經》是以基督為中
心」的解經方法是對的。
第四條 我們確認: 默示《聖經》的聖靈,今日藉著《聖經》
作工,藉其信息使人得著信心。
我們否認: 聖靈會教導人任何違反聖經的教訓。
第五條 我們確認: 聖靈使信徒能正確使用聖經,將之應用於
生活中。
我們否認: 若無聖靈的幫助,屬血氣的人能在屬靈方
面分辨《聖經》的信息。
第六條 我們確認: 《聖經》以「命題敘述」來表明神的真
理,我們宣告《聖經》真理是既客觀又絕
對的。我們更確認:任一敘述,若依照事
實真相表白實情,就是真實的;若錯誤表
達不符事實,即是錯謬的。
我們否認: 因《聖經》能使人有得救的智慧,就說
《聖經》真理應依照此「使人得救的功
用」來界定。
我們更否認: 「錯誤」只應界定為「蓄意欺騙」。
第七條 我們確認: 《聖經》每一經文所表達的意義,皆是單
一的、確定的、固定不變的。
我們否認: 承認此單一意義,就排除其應用的多次
多方。
第八條 我們確認: 《聖經》包含一些教訓與命令,是放諸四
海皆準、適用所有文化與生活處境;《聖
經》也包含另一些命令,《聖經》本身顯
明它們只適用於特殊處境。
我們否認: 《聖經》的普遍命令與特殊命令,其區分
是由文化與處境因素來決定的。
我們更否認: 將「普遍命令」視為文化或處境上的相對
作法。
第九條 我們確認: 「釋經」( 歷史上用來指「解經的規
則」)此詞,可適切的用來包括所有與
「解釋《聖經》」有關的認知過程,即
《聖經》啟示的意義,以及其對我們生
活的影響。
我們否認: 《聖經》的信息,是由解經者的看法來衍
生或獨斷。因此,我們否認:《聖經》作
者與解經者的「視野」會「融合」至一地
步,竟使經文所傳達給解經者的,最終不
是由《聖經》本身表明的意義所掌控。
第十條 我們確認: 《聖經》以文字傳達神的真理給我們,使
用了許多不同的文學體裁。
我們否認: 人類語言的任何有限之處,使得《聖經》
無法適切的傳達神的信息。
第十一條 我們確認: 《聖經》經文的翻譯,能跨越一切時空與
文化的界限,傳達對神的認識。
我們否認: 《聖經》經文的意義與其寫作背景的文
化,緊密連結到一地步,使其他文化中的
人無法明白同一意義。
第十二條 我們確認: 在每一文化處境中翻譯與教導《聖經》,
只能使用那些忠於《聖經》教訓內容的
「功能對等」用詞。
我們否認: 在翻譯與教導時,可使用不合乎「跨文化
傳播」需求的途徑,或在過程中歪曲《聖
經》意義的方法。
第十三條 我們確認: 認知《聖經》各部分的文學分類(形式與
體裁),是正確解經的基本要素;因此,
我們重視「文體分析」,視其為《聖經》
研究的學科之一。
我們否認: 在研究《聖經》敘事記錄(講述歷史事
實)時,可將否認其歷史性的「文體類
型」強加於其上。
第十四條 我們確認: 《聖經》記載的事件、談話、言論,雖是
以適切的文體形式多樣表達,然而都是根
據歷史事實。
我們否認: 《聖經》所記錄的事件、談話、言論,有
任何地方是《聖經》作者自己猜想杜撰,
或沿用人云亦云的傳統資料。
第十五條 我們確認: 解釋《聖經》必須按照其文字(即正常)
意義。文字意義是指「文法與歷史」的意
義,即作者所表白的意思。根據「文字意
義」的解釋,必會周全考慮在經文中出現
的所有「話語喻像」與「文體型式」。
我們否認: 在處理《聖經》經文時,可將經文本身「文
字意義」所不支持的意思加添於其上。
第十六條 我們確認: 應使用正當的鑑別方法,來決定正典經文
及其意義。
我們否認: 可將《聖經》批判學的任何方法,用來質
疑《聖經》作者所表白的意義或其他的聖
經教訓,懷疑其真實性或整全性。
第十七條 我們確認: 《聖經》是合一的、和諧的、前後一
致的;並且宣告:《聖經》本身是其最
佳解釋者。
我們否認: 解釋《聖經》時,可用一段經文來修正或
反駁另一段經文。
我們也否認: 《聖經》後期書卷的作者,引用或參照前
期書卷經文時,會錯誤解釋之。
第十八條 我們確認: 《聖經》對其自身的解釋,每次都是正確
的;對於自身經文(都是經由默示寫成
的)的解釋,從未偏離其單一意義,乃是
解明之。先知的話,其單一意義包括(但
不侷限於)先知本人對這些話語的瞭解,
也必定包含了神所要啟示的,即這些話應
驗成全時所見證的。
我們否認: 《聖經》作者們,每次都瞭解其所寫話語
的全部涵義關連。
第十九條 我們確認: 解經者在解釋《聖經》時,其原有先存的
看法,應符合聖經教訓,並且要接受《聖
經》的改正。
我們否認: 應要求《聖經》配合解經者先入為主、
不符合《聖經》本身的看法,例如:自
然主義、進化論、科學主義、世俗人文
主義、相對主義。
第二十條 我們確認: 既然神是一切真理的作者,所以一切真
理( 《聖經》所記載的, 與沒有記載
的)都是一致與統合的;《聖經》論到
自然、歷史或任何其他領域時,所說的
都是真實的。我們也確認:《聖經》之
外的資料,有時是有價值的,可幫助我
們更清楚明白《聖經》所教導的,以改
正我們錯誤的解釋。
我們否認: 《聖經》之外的看法,可用來推翻《聖
經》的教訓,或優先於《聖經》之上。
第二十一條 我們確認: 特殊啟示與普遍啟示的合一,因此,我們
確認:《聖經》教訓與自然界的事實證據
是和諧的。
我們否認: 任何真實的科學證據,可能與《聖經》經
文任何段落的真義有不符之處。
第二十二條 我們確認: 創世記一至十一章是事實,正如《聖經》
其他部分是事實一樣。
我們否認: 創世記一至十一章是神話;
我們也否認: 有關地球歷史或人類起源的科學假說,可
用來推翻《聖經》關於「創造」的教導。
第二十三條 我們確認: 《聖經》是清晰自明的,特別是其論到
「從罪中得拯救」的信息。
我們否認: 關於救贖信息,《聖經》所有的經文都是
同樣清晰或具同樣分量。
第二十四條 我們確認: 人們對《聖經》的瞭解,並非需要仰賴
《聖經》學者專家的意見。
我們否認: 人們應忽略《聖經》學者專業研究《聖
經》的成果。
第二十五條 我們確認: 要充分傳講神的啟示,與其對生活的適切
應用,唯一的方法是視《聖經》為「神的
話」,忠實講解其經文。
我們否認: 傳道人可在《聖經》經文之外,從神得
著信息。
(节自:林慈信《无误圣经》附录)

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
4
四楼:
芝加哥第三那个宣言
国际圣经无误协会最后一次会议,第三次峰会,与1986年12月10-13日在芝加哥举行。
与会者采纳了芝加哥圣经应用宣言(Chicago Statement on Biblical Application),
包括六点和各自的引言。论文发表。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015ops.html
原文在这里:http://library.dts.edu/Pages/TL/Special/ICBI_3.pdf
The final ICBI conference, Summit III, met on December 10–13, 1986 in Chica
go. The participants adopted the Chicago Statement on Biblical Application,
composed of sixteen articles with a separate introduction. Papers read at th
e conference were published as Kenneth S. Kantzer, ed., Applying The Scriptu
res (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987).
How the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy Began
By Dr. Jay Grimstead
We see the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy (ICBI) Statement on I
nerrancy as being a landmark church document, which was created in 1978 by t
he then largest, broadest, group of evangelical protestant scholars that eve
r came together to create a common, theological document in the 20th century
. It is probably the first systematically comprehensive, broadly based, scho
larly, creed-like statement on the inspiration and authority of Scripture in
the history of the church.
Modernism Challenges the Historic View on Inerrancy
Just as the church's understanding of the full deity of Christ and the Trini
ty awaited the Arian controversy and the Council of Nicea in 325 AD; and jus
t as the full understanding of Justification by Faith and the Priesthood of
every Believer awaited the 1500s when it was clarified by Luther and Calvin,
so the doctrine of the Inspiration of Scripture awaited the 20th century fo
r its full debate and delineation. Up until the 20th century, all branches o
f Christianity worldwide accepted the basic inerrancy view of inspiration ex
cept for the secular philosophers and the liberal theologians, so a full-sca
le debate was unnecessary until then.
But, at the end of the liberal-fundamentalist doctrinal battles of the 20s a
nd 30s, large portions of the previously sound major denominations were infe
cted with a liberal view of the Bible. The evangelicals and fundamentalists
within those denominations generally pulled out and started their own new de
nominations, seminaries, and mission societies and stood firm on the histori
cal view of the Bible taught by Moses, Jesus, Paul and the heros of the fait
h the past 2000 years. By that time, almost all the theological schools and
theologians of Europe had gone liberal. America and Canada, which are usuall
y from 25 to 100 years behind Europe in their philosophical disintegration,
were just starting to "catch up" with Europe theologically.
As Francis Schaeffer stated so eloquently, courage for confrontation over ma
tters of truth and righteousness in the hearts of Christian leaders in North
America was replaced by a kind of "knee-jerk" response committed to accommo
dation and "peace at any price" which sadly still reigns supreme within most
evangelical circles today. This is one major reason things have disintegrat
ed so far and so fast. At the same time, the relativistic view of truth and
a dichotomy worldview (that segregates the spiritual world from the material
world into two separate air-tight compartments) that came from philosophers
such as Hume, Kant, and Hegel had all but completely captured the universit
y intellectuals of the entire world.
Neo-Orthodoxy infects the Evangelical Ranks
This was the kind of academic atmosphere that prevailed during the 20 years
from 1947 to 1967 when many evangelical seminaries and colleges sent their b
right young scholars to European universities to get their doctorates. A lar
ge percentage of these young scholars were infected with liberal and neo-ort
hodox views of the Bible; and then they returned to their evangelical school
s to teach a neo-orthodox view of the Bible (what they sincerely believed we
re the "latest, most scholarly" views) to their students.
These partially "corrupted" young professors did not openly challenge their
denomination's or institution's historic view of inspiration of the Bible. I
t was more subtle than that and less obvious than the open battle over the B
ible of the 1920s and 1930s. Most of these young professors were infected wi
th neo-orthodoxy; the then fashionable "reformed" liberalism of Swiss theolo
gian Karl Barth. Neo-orthodoxy claims that the human words of the Bible are
not the very words of God, but rather are a fallible human "witness" to the
words of God and are therefore in a sense, the "Word" of God to man. In some
cases they claim that the words of the Bible "become" the Word of God to ma
n at a particular existential moment when that man senses God speaking to hi
m. Others have spoken of the Bible "containing" the Word of God.
Neo-Orthodoxy Undermines the Reliability of Scripture
Since most neo-orthodox theologians attempt to honor God's word in some sens
e, their presentation to their students of their existential and relativisti
c re-interpretation of the Bible does not appear to be, nor is it intended t
o be, an attack upon the Bible. But, since most neo-orthodox men accept most
of the higher critical theories of theological liberalism and since they us
ually believe (with Kant and Barth) that human language is incapable of comm
unicating absolute, unchanging, and inerrant truth from God to man, therefor
e they are essentially liberals in their view of scripture.
In addition, most neo-orthodox "evangelicals" believe they cannot count on t
he Bible being absolutely true in matters of time and space, science and his
tory, or ethics and anthropology (that is, areas that are open to scientific
verification or falsification), but they do comfort themselves by saying th
ey believe the Bible may be capable of communicating undistorted truth in "s
piritual" matters such as eternity and heaven, faith and salvation, or piety
and theology (areas that are not open to objective empirical verification).
Thus they ask us to subjectively believe the Bible in those areas of "faith
and practice" that we cannot, by the nature of the case, "prove" and then e
xpect us to understand that the Bible is not totally reliable in matters of
history and science.
In a nutshell, a liberal and neo-orthodox view of Scripture considers the or
iginal Greek and Hebrew manuscripts of the Bible to be part true and part fa
lse and that their theological experts must help us to determine what parts
of the Bible are true and what parts of it are false. That is the essence of
theological liberalism under whatever name it travels even if it goes by th
e name of "evangelicalism." Thus, a professor infected with a neo-orthodox v
iew of Scripture will tend to not believe that Moses wrote all five books of
the Pentateuch; that Isaiah wrote the whole book of Isaiah; that Daniel was
written in Daniel's time; that the flood of Noah was a universal flood cove
ring the whole earth; that all of present mankind came from Noah's family; e
tc., etc. They will also tend to teach students that neither Jesus nor the C
hurch Fathers believed the inerrancy of view of Scripture that was taught by
the Jesus, Paul, Augustine, Calvin, Wesley, Spurgeon, Hodge, Warfield, Mach
en, and Schaeffer. They teach that the inerrancy view is a late development
in church history.
Neo-Orthodoxy Entrenches Itself in Evangelical Institutions
Since the 1960s, many evangelical seminaries and colleges, denominations and
organizations have been infected by the prevailing fog of neo-orthodoxy. Ma
ny sincere evangelicals, including many pastors and professors, are neo-orth
odox liberals in regard to Scripture and don't even know there is anything w
rong with their view. In light of all this, we felt we had to launch the Int
ernational Council on Biblical Inerrancy in 1977.
By 1976, a neo-orthodox and liberal view of Scripture and therefore a relati
vistic view of doctrine and morals had permeated all levels of evangelicalis
m in every denomination and organization. The prevailing mood among educated
people was openness to the liberalized view of scripture and a general fear
of being labeled a "narrow inerrantist" who still believed the old, "unscho
larly and medieval" view of Scripture. If a Christian in many evangelical ci
rcles really believed in the inerrancy of the Bible, they tended to remain "
in the closet."
Furthermore, we, who felt God wanted us to stand up for the traditional, ine
rrancy view of Scripture and call our churches and organizations to be consi
stent with the statement on scripture in that organization's founding docume
nts, were often attacked as troublemakers and told to be quiet or to go away
. Almost no one wanted to face up to an honest, open evaluation of how far a
church or organization had slid down the slippery slope towards increasing
liberalization. Christian leaders then, who believed in the inerrancy of the
Bible, found themselves becoming lonely warriors who were misunderstood, fe
ared, and sometimes gently persecuted. And almost no one seemed to be willin
g to make it a national Christian issue and get it settled if it meant losin
g friends or a position in their organization.
The Battle for the Bible Explodes
In 1976, Dr. Harold Lindsell came out with his bombshell book, The Battle fo
r the Bible, which exposed the massive infiltration of liberalism and neo-or
thodoxy into nearly every denomination and seminary that considered itself e
vangelical. Lindsell's book was very accurate in exposing the deterioration
and it was scholarly in its presentation. As far as we can tell, none of Lin
dsell's charges were ever refuted in any substantive manner by the instituti
ons in question. The accused schools merely fumed and spoke harsh things aga
inst Dr. Lindsell. At that time, few leaders beside Dr. Lindsell, Francis Sc
haeffer, and Bill Gothard were attempting to make the inerrancy of the Bible
an issue, though many were still faithfully teaching inerrancy.
The general response to The Battle for the Bible among the evangelical leade
rship of America was that it was "divisive" and that Lindsell was too "harsh
" and "unloving" in exposing the factual situation within evangelical instit
utions. Thus, the church was not at all ready nor willing to go to battle ov
er the watershed issue of inerrancy. Many of the inerrantists were in the "c
loset" and the anti-inerrantist, neo-orthodox theologians were having a fiel
d day making fun of the old-fashioned view in the various evangelical period
icals and journals. (I want to make it clear at this point that the Fundamen
talists and most Pentecostals stood firmly for inerrancy during this period)
. It was in this context that the ICBI was born. The following is a short ex
planation of how several of us gave birth to the ICBI.
A Call to Unite and Plan Strategies for the Battle
In 1976, God was leading me to create a night school and training center for
laymen in the San Francisco Bay Area called the Reformation Study Center. R
.C. Sproul suggested to our little staff that it would be wise to launch the
study center with a conference. We took Sproul's advice and organized a con
ference on the Authority of Scripture at Mt. Hermon, California for February
1977. Our five speakers were to be R.C. Sproul, J.I. Packer, Norman Geisler
, John Gerstner, and Greg Bahnsen, each dealing with two major topics on the
authority of Scripture.
In September 1976, prior to the Mt. Hermon conference, I wrote to Sproul and
to Harold Lindsell suggesting somebody should attempt to organize a nationa
l theological conference to deal with this battle for the inerrancy of the B
ible and to expose the fallacies of the neo-orthodox false assumptions belie
ved by so many evangelicals at that time. What I visualized was something of
a theological "army" of scholars who would take this thing into battle as a
united team.
I invited the five speakers, plus Miss Weatheral Johnson (of Bible Study Fel
lowship), Karen Hoyt and a few others to come early to the conference so we
could pray in our living room about what to do regarding the inerrancy battl
e in the church. We had that prayer meeting then launched the conference and
our little study center that February evening in Mt. Hermon with about 300
people in attendance. During the weekend conference, I gathered the speakers
, Miss Johnson, and a few others together to discuss what strategy we might
use to organize a frontal attack on this problem of a Barthian/liberal view
of Scripture having infiltrated most of evangelicalism in North America and
beyond.
The Vision for a United "Army" Unfolds
By the end of the Mt. Hermon conference, on Sunday afternoon, we had decided
that God was leading us to launch a new organization, what we would later c
all ICBI, to do the following three things:
Create together a list of world famous or nationally recognized inerrancy th
eologians, Bible scholars, and Christian leaders who would be asked to form
a theological "army" to clarify the theological issues involved and attempt
to turn the situation around so the liberal evangelicals would have to hide
in the closet and the inerrantists, the world over, would be able to lift th
eir heads high and proudly proclaim they believed in the full inerrancy of t
he Bible.
Come to agreement on a list of theological sub-topics on which our scholar t
eam would have to write white papers dealing with all the sub-points involve
d in a comprehensive attack on this problem. (Philosophically there are some
14 separate debates that must be faced when dealing with the matter of iner
rancy.)
Launch a major national conference on inerrancy for 200 to 300 biblical sch
olars and Christian leaders and sound forth the trumpet call that it was tim
e to face the issue and turn the situation around. At that conference we wou
ld also work through and release a set of affirmations and denials on the in
errancy of Scripture and claim that there is no real biblical authority with
out biblical inerrancy and that the church was bound to deteriorate to the d
egree it rejected the inerrancy of the Bible.
With Jeffersonian language of dignity offered by J.I. Packer, we created a s
hort statement of purpose for our new movement then set a date for the follo
wing month to meet at Pittsburgh airport and spend a full day making a list
of fellow warriors and launching our strategy in earnest. I was asked to ser
ve as the Executive Director and keep this process going until it was well l
aunched. I asked Karen Hoyt to handle the details as my Executive Secretary
which she did very efficiently and eventually set up our ICBI office in Oakl
and.
By the end of that series of meetings at Mt. Hermon, every one of the theolo
gians and myself were positively excited about our prospects for a new inerr
ancy movement and we all felt a sense of release and a lifted burden of sorr
ow, loneliness and frustration we had carried over the theological deteriora
tion of evangelicalism. I had felt this prophetic, Jeremiah type burden over
the church the previous five years as an actual pain and heaviness within m
y stomach almost constantly. From that conference on it was gone. What we se
nsed is that, having decided together with like-minded, courageous, fellow w
arriors that we should indeed attack this problem together, whatever the cos
t, our mutual sense of loneliness (within all our various circles) and our n
ear hopelessness over the situation was exchanged for camaraderie in battle
and great optimism. It was a great breakthrough for all of us and we were gr
ateful to be together.
The Vision Gives Birth to the ICBI
In March 1977, we met in Pittsburgh and created a list of some 50 theologian
s and Christian leaders to invite onto the new ICBI Council and Advisory Boa
rd. We set a date for a Council/Board meeting for September at the Chicago O
'Hare airport and decided to ask James Boice to join us and function as chai
rman of the Council. I was asked to call most of the 50 men and explain the
vision to them and recruit them onto our team. Nearly every one I called was
quite enthusiastic, ready to join immediately and was grateful that we were
going to form an "army" to attack this problem since they too had been frus
trated and grieved to see the shift away from inerrancy in their own circles
.
In September 1977, at the O'Hare Hilton, Boice and I led the meeting of enth
usiastic Christian theologians and leaders and worked our game plan. We woul
d together first create a book to answer, chapter for chapter, the neo-ortho
dox oriented book edited by Jack Rogers of Fuller Seminary, Biblical Authori
ty, that gave the basic neo-orthodox arguments against inerrancy (the major
point expressed was that the church could have biblical authority without an
inerrant Bible). We made the chapter assignments with plans to have the boo
k ready to be sold at our launching conference to be held October 1978 at th
e Hyatt Regency near O'Hare airport. We also made assignments for the schola
rly white papers which were to be written and distributed to those attending
the conference. These white papers formed the scholarly foundation for our
work the following 10 years as well as the foundation for the Chicago Statem
ent on Biblical Inerrancy, which was created by the ICBI in 1978.
The initial set of ICBI white papers now appear in the ICBI book, Inerrancy,
edited by Norman Geisler and published by Zondervan Press. Another ICBI boo
k, The Foundation for Biblical Authority, edited by James Boice and also pub
lished by Zondervan, answered the Roger's book and is an excellent survey fo
r the pastor and academic layperson to come to a solid understanding of the
debate and the historical arguments of the church for the Bible's inerrancy.
Many Christian colleges now use The Foundation for Biblical Authority along
with Roger's Biblical Authority to show the contrast within evangelicalism
between the historic, orthodox inerrancy view and the neo-orthodox view (som
etimes disingenuously called the "enlightened evangelical view" by liberal-o
riented evangelical professors). We also made other assignments for books on
hermeneutics, short booklets explaining the problem, and what came to be Gl
eason Archer's monumental work, Encyclopedia of Biblical Difficulties.
The ICBI Launches its Theological "D-Day"
Prior to the October 1978 conference, I wrote to Billy Graham and asked him
to contribute to our cause. The Billy Graham Evangelism Association then don
ated $10,000 to help launch the ICBI. With this start-up money Karen Hoyt an
d I started on salary, so we could proceed with our plans.
Just prior to Reformation Sunday in October 1978, we staged our first ICBI c
onference for about 300 Christian leaders, theologians and pastors at the O'
Hare Hyatt Regency to launch the movement publicly. During that conference,
amidst much intense discussion and several all-night editorial sessions, we
created together 19 articles on Biblical Inerrancy based upon a consensus ag
reement on the scholarly points made in the many white papers our team had w
ritten. These 19 articles were published as the historic Chicago Statement o
n Biblical Inerrancy.
The ICBI Wins a Decisive Victory
And it worked! The net result was that there was an immediate reversal of wh
o was in the "closet." Even though not many liberal evangelical scholars rea
lly changed their position theologically, they knew that under this new theo
logical climate we had created they would not be able to be as bold about th
eir departure from inerrancy. The week prior to our 1978 conference there we
re many articles in major Christian magazines belittling the inerrancy viewp
oint. From that conference on, with a few exceptions, there was deathly sile
nce from the liberal side for several years. Inerrancy was once again popula
r and respected as the historic, orthodox, and scholarly viewpoint.
Because of the visibility and success of the ICBI in its united and scholarl
y defense of inerrancy, many schools, churches, mission organizations, and s
ome denominations began rethinking their doctrinal statements on Scripture.
They realized that, because of the prevailing liberal theological "smog" mos
t of their members had been breathing and because of the great confusion tha
t reigned and the deliberate efforts of the liberalized evangelicals within
most ranks, they had to tighten up on their official statements on Scripture
and require adherence to the orthodox view by their leadership and members.
With the wealth of new scholarship that was produced by the ICBI to buttress
the doctrine of inerrancy, many evangelical colleges and seminaries were c
ompelled to engage in intramural discussions and debates within their facult
y over the issue of inerrancy. With the united front of the ICBI behind them
, adherents of inerrancy came out of the "closet" and more often than not sa
w that they were in the majority. Thus, the tide of accommodation to neo-ort
hodox views of scripture, which had seemed unstoppable in the 1960s and 1970
s, was turned back at many evangelical colleges and seminaries.
But the War Isn't Over
The proponents of inerrancy have not always been victorious against the prop
onents of neo-orthodox. At Fuller Seminary, a primary target of Lindsell's B
attle for the Bible, the professors and scholars of the School of World Miss
ion faculty signed the ICBI Statement enthusiastically and then sent it acr
oss the hall and invited the Fuller School of Theology professors to sign it
also. The Fuller Theology professors rejected it outright and, as far as we
know, it remains unsigned by those Fuller theology professors to this day.
Alas, the battle for for the Bible is far from over. In the years since the
ICBI, the neo-orthodox liberals have developed new tactics and have made new
inroads into evangelical institutions. The biblical doctrine of Inerrancy r
emains a crucial watershed issue for the church today. May God raise up a ne
w generation of gifted theologians and scholars to carry on the good fight.
See more comments on the ICBI by Dr. Grimstead.
For a short explanation of the ICBI & COR history, click here.
Editors note: The ICBI was formally disbanded in September 1987 and the his
toric ICBI documents were turned over to the Dallas Theological Seminary arc
hives. Biblical inerrancy is one of the theological issues that is being dea
lt with by the International Church Council, which is in many respects the s
piritual successor to the now defunct ICBI.

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
5
五楼:
威斯敏斯特信条第一章 论圣经 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m8x.
html
《威斯敏斯特信仰告白》第一章论圣经 (2012-04-29 11:46:17)[编辑][删除]转载▼
标签: 杂谈 分类: 基督徒百科
第一章 论圣经
一、本性之光与创造护理之工,虽彰显神的善良、智慧和权能,叫人无可推诿1;但
都不足以将得救所必须的,有关神及其旨意的知识赐予人2。所以神愿意多次多方将自己
启示给他的教会,并向教会宣布□的旨意3;以后,为了更加保守并传扬真理的缘故,而
且为了更坚立教会,安慰教会,抵挡肉体的败坏,并撒但与世界的恶意起见,遂将全部
启示笔之于书4。于是,神先前向他百姓启示自己旨意的方法已经停止5,故圣经成为我
们最必要的6。
二、在圣经,或笔之于书的神言的名义下,包括旧新约全书,即旧约三十九卷,新
约二十七卷(书名于此从略)。这些书都是出于神的默示7,为信仰与生活的准则。
三、一般称为伪经(Apocrypha)的各卷,既非出于神的默感,所以不属圣经正典,
因此(伪经)在神的教会中没有权威,只能当作其他属人的著作看待或使用之8。
四、应受信服的圣经权威,不在乎任何人或教会的见证,乃完全在乎神(他是真理
的本身)是圣经的著者。因为圣经是神的话,所以当为我们接受9。
五、我们可能受教会所作之见证的感动与影响,因而对圣经有高度敬畏的尊重10。
圣经主题属天的性质,教义的效力,文体的庄严,各部的符合,全体的目的(将一切的
荣耀都归给神),人类唯一得救之道充份的显示,和其他许多无比的优秀点,以及全体
的完整,都足以证明圣经本身为神言的证据。虽然如此,我们所以十分接纳并确实相信
圣经之无谬的真理性与属神的权威,乃是由于圣灵内在之工,借着并同着神的话在我们
心中所作的见证11。
六、凡神关于他自己的荣耀,人的得救,信仰与生活一切所必须之事的全备旨意,
都明明记载在圣经内,或从圣经中推出正当的与必然的结论;所以无论何时,不可借着
圣灵的新启示,或凭人的遗传,给圣经再加上什么12。虽然如此,但我们承认为了明了
圣经中所启示的得救知识,圣灵的内在光照是必须的13;并且承认有些关于敬拜神,和
教会行政的某些详情,因与人类行为和人类社会是相关的,故亦可凭人的经验和基督徒
的智慧来规定,但必须时常遵照圣经的一般规则14。
七、圣经中所有的事本不都一样清楚,对各人也不都同样明 了15;但为得救所必须
知道,必须相信,必须遵守的那些事,在圣 经的各处都有清楚的提示与论列,不但是学
者,就是不学无术的 人,只要正当使用普通方法,都能得到适当的理解16。
八、用希伯来文(是古时神选民的国语)所写的旧约,和用希利尼文(是新约时代
各国最通行的文字)所写的新约,都是受神直接的灵感,并且由于神特别的照顾与护理
,历经世代,保守纯正,所以是可靠的17;因此一切有关宗教的争辩,教会终当以圣经
为最高裁判者18。但因神的众百姓并不都通晓这些圣经原文,而且他们对圣经有权利与
兴味,并以敬畏神的心,听神吩咐去诵读和考查圣经19;所以凡圣经所到之地,都应译
成各国的通行语20,使神的话丰丰富富地存在各人心里,令他们可以用讨神喜悦的方式
去敬拜21,并借着圣经的忍耐和安慰可以得着盼望22。
九、解释圣经的无谬规则就是圣经本身(以经解经)。所以对圣经哪一部份的真正
和圆满意义发生疑问时(该意义不能有多种,只有一个),就当用他处较为更明了的经
文,借以查究和明了其真义23。
十、决定宗教上的一切争论,审查教会会议的一切决议,古代著者的意见,世人的
教训和私人的灵感,都当以在圣经中说话的圣灵为最高裁判者,而且对其判决拳拳服膺
24。
1. 罗二14-15,一19-20,一32,二1,诗十九1-3。
2. 林前一21,二13-14。
3. 来一1。
4. 箴廿二19-21;路一3-4;罗十五4;太四4、7、10;赛八19-20。
5. 来一1-2。
6. 提后三15;彼后一19。
7. 路十六29、31;弗二20;启廿二18-19;提后三16。
8. 路廿四27、44;罗三2;彼后一21。
9. 彼后一 19、21;提后三16;约壹五9;帖前二13。
10. 提前三15。
11. 约壹二20、27;约十六13-14;林前二10-12;赛五十九21。
12. 提后三15-17;加一8-9;帖后二2。
13. 约六45;林前二9-12。
14. 林前十一13-14,十四26、40。
15. 彼后三16。
16. 诗一一九105、130。
17. 太五18。
18. 赛八20;徒十五15;约五39、46。
19. 约五39。
20. 林前十四6、9、11-12、24、27-28。
21. 西三16。
22. 罗十五4。
23. 彼后一20-21;徒十五15-16。
24. 太廿二29、31;弗二20;徒廿八25
CHAPTER 1 OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURE
1. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence do
so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men une
xcusable; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of
his will, which is necessary unto salvation. Therefore it pleased the Lord,
at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare th
at his will unto his church; and afterwards, for the better preserving and p
ropagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of
the church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and
of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing: which maketh the Holy
Scripture to be most necessary; those former ways of God's revealing his wil
l unto his people being now ceased.
2. Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now con
tained all the books of the Old and New Testaments, which are these:
Of the Old Testament:
Genesis II Chronicles Daniel Exodus Ezra Hosea Leviticus Nehemiah Joel Numbe
rs Esther Amos Deuteronomy Job Obadiah Joshua Psalms Jonah Judges Proverbs M
icah Ruth Ecclesiastes Nahum I Samuel The Song of Songs Habakkuk II Samuel I
saiah Zephaniah I Kings Jeremiah Haggai II Kings Lamentations Zechariah I Ch
ronicles Ezekiel Malachi Of the New Testament:
The Gospels Galatians The Epistle
according to Ephesians of James Matthew Philippians The first and Mark Colos
sians second Epistles Luke Thessalonians I of Peter John Thessalonians II Th
e first, second,
The Acts of the to Timothy I and third Epistles
Apostles to Timothy II of John
Paul's Epistles to Titus The Epistle
to the Romans to Philemon of Jude Corinthians I The Epistle to The Revelatio
n Corinthians II the Hebrews of John
All which are given by inspiration of God to be the rule of faith and life.
3. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are
no part of the canon of the Scripture, and therefore are of no authority in
the church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than o
ther human writings.
4. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed, a
nd obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or church; but wholl
y upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to
be received, because it is the Word of God.
5. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the church to an high and
reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture. And the heavenliness of the matter,
the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all t
he parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the f
ull discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other in
comparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments wh
ereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwiths
tanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divin
e authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witn
ess by and with the Word in our hearts.
6. The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own glor
y, man's salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down in Scriptur
e, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto
which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the
Spirit, or traditions of men. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumi
nation of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of
such things as are revealed in the Word: and that there are some circumstanc
es concerning the worship of God, and government of the church, common to hu
man actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature, a
nd Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are
always to be observed.
7. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clea
r unto all: yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and
observed for salvation, are so clearly propounded, and opened in some place
of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a du
e use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of t
hem.
8. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people
of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which, at the time of the wr
iting of it, was most generally known to the nations), being immediately ins
pired by God, and, by his singular care and providence, kept pure in all age
s, are therefore authentical; so as, in all controversies of religion, the c
hurch is finally to appeal unto them. But, because these original tongues ar
e not known to all the people of God, who have right unto, and interest in t
he Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search the
m, therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nat
ion unto which they come, that, the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all,
they may worship him in an acceptable manner; and, through patience and com
fort of the Scriptures, may have hope.
9. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itsel
f: and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of
any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and know
n by other places that speak more clearly.
10. The supreme judge by which all controversies of religion are to be deter
mined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines o
f men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are
to rest, can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.
http://godwithus.cn/wiki/西敏斯特信仰告白#.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E7
.BA.E5.9C.A3.E7.BB.8F

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
6
六楼:其他音频视频信息索引
吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会讲课音频视频 (基督仆人更新中心CLRC愿意提供,但是需要
代祷求神开路能够到达各位手上)
常见信息索引

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
7
谈谈为什么会出现这个芝加哥圣经无误宣言和国际圣经无误协会
英文原文在这里:
http://65.175.91.69/Reformation_net/Pages/ICBI_Background.htm
主要问题就是因为自由派和新派的影响,很多神学院也是,大家不再相信圣经无误
于是神学院变成了传道人的坟墓
主具有代表性的是富勒神学院Fuller,而代表性人物就是卡尔巴特Karl Barth
日光之下并无新事,他们希望通过解决以前的问题来拯救“基督教”于是引进了新的问题
历史上很多异端就是因为要反对以前的异端,而走向了另外一个极端。
因为富勒神学院的影响,目前很多华人教会牧者都是富勒神学院出来的,都很有潜在问题
后来北美保守福音派的回应才有了这个国际圣经无误协会
开了三次会议,分别有三个宣言,然后历史使命完成,协会解散。
真的是感谢神的看顾和保守啊。

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

G*******s
发帖数: 4956
8
Records of the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy
The International Council on Biblical Inerrancy (ICBI) was founded in 1977 t
o clarify and defend the doctrine of biblical inerrancy. The Council sponsor
ed three major "summits," each producing an important statement.
Summit I met in Chicago on October 26–28, 1978. Over 300 Christian leaders,
theologians and pastors attended and adopted the Chicago Statement on Bibli
cal Inerrancy, consisting of nineteen articles with brief exposition. (See s
ignatures and typed list of signatories.) Papers delivered at the conference
were published as Norman L. Geisler, ed., Inerrancy (Grand Rapids: Zonderva
n, 1980). Dr. Jay Grimstead, one of the organizers of the ICBI, describes th
e statement as "a landmark church document" created "by the then largest, br
oadest, group of evangelical protestant scholars that ever came together to
create a common, theological document in the 20th century. It is probably th
e first systematically comprehensive, broadly based, scholarly, creed–like
statement on the inspiration and authority of Scripture in the history of th
e church."
The ICBI convened Summit II on November 10–13, 1982, in Chicago to discuss
guidelines for principles of interpreting the Bible. Approximately one hundr
ed people attended and adopted the Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutic
s, comprising twenty–five articles and a brief exposition. Papers read at t
he conference were published as Earl D. Radmacher and Robert D. Preus, eds.,
Hermeneutics, Inerrancy, and the Bible (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984).
The final ICBI conference, Summit III, met on December 10–13, 1986 in Chica
go. The participants adopted the Chicago Statement on Biblical Application,
composed of sixteen articles with a separate introduction. Papers read at th
e conference were published as Kenneth S. Kantzer, ed., Applying The Scriptu
res (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987).
One of the last actions of the ICBI was to transfer records of the organizat
ion to the archives at Dallas Theological Seminary to preserve them for futu
re research. The ICBI files date from about 1978 to 1989 and fill sixty-nine
linear feet. The records include correspondence, files regarding publicatio
ns, documents about seminars and lay congresses, financial records, and copi
es of the statements adopted at the three conferences. The collection also h
as some scrapbooks and preservation copies of books published by the ICBI.
http://library.dts.edu/Pages/TL/Special/ICBI.shtml

问题
问题

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 谈谈为什么会出现这个芝加哥圣经无误宣言和国际圣经无误协会
: 英文原文在这里:
: http://65.175.91.69/Reformation_net/Pages/ICBI_Background.htm
: 主要问题就是因为自由派和新派的影响,很多神学院也是,大家不再相信圣经无误
: 于是神学院变成了传道人的坟墓
: 主具有代表性的是富勒神学院Fuller,而代表性人物就是卡尔巴特Karl Barth
: 日光之下并无新事,他们希望通过解决以前的问题来拯救“基督教”于是引进了新的问题
: 历史上很多异端就是因为要反对以前的异端,而走向了另外一个极端。
: 因为富勒神学院的影响,目前很多华人教会牧者都是富勒神学院出来的,都很有潜在问题
: 后来北美保守福音派的回应才有了这个国际圣经无误协会

N**B
发帖数: 134
9
复习一下,现在有的是
三个芝加哥圣经无误宣言
一个西敏斯特信仰宣言
还有林慈信牧师编著的《无误圣经》小册子
以及吕沛渊牧师的讲课资源。

【在 G*******s 的大作中提到】
: 圣经无误是一个非常好的且是必不可少的话题,感谢神这次退修会有幸学习了这个话题
: 准备开一些列主题讨论“圣经无误”。
: 准备每日或者几日一个话题,话题累加
: 这个主题主要讨论现有的资源,我已经做了一个总结,在这里:
: 首贴:索引
: 关于圣经无误的信息索引
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd01015m91.html
: 如果各位有补充或者讨论欢迎跟帖,我会及时将有益内容补充进去
: 吕沛渊牧师圣经无误退修会培训大纲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_622134fd010
: 15gq7.html

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