E*****m
发帖数: 25615 | 1 http://www.slate.com/blogs/crime/2013/03/08/faith_based_prison_
New Study Suggests Religion May Help Criminals Justify Their Crimes
n 1996, noted criminologist Jewel asked a question that has long haunted
those hoodlums prone to pondering the existential consequences of their
actions: “Who will save your souls after those lies that you told, boy?”
For generations of American crooks, the answer has been “religious do-
gooders.” As a 2006 Federal Bureau of Prisons report put it, “faith groups
have become involved in offering formal programs within prison to bring
about not only the spiritual salvation of the inmates but their
rehabilitation in the profane world as well.” The idea is that spiritual
rebirth may help tame the criminal impulse, and set wild hearts on the
straight and narrow.
Maybe not. A new study in the academic journal Theoretical Criminology (hat
tip to the Vancouver Sun) suggests that, far from causing offenders to
repent of their sins, religious instruction might actually encourage crime.
The authors surveyed 48 “hardcore street offenders” in and around Atlanta,
in hopes of determining what effect, if any, religion has on their behavior
. While the vast majority of those surveyed (45 out of 48 people) claimed to
be religious, the authors found that the interviewees “seemed to go out of
their way to reconcile their belief in God with their serious predatory
offending. They frequently employed elaborate and creative rationalizations
in the process and actively exploit religious doctrine to justify their
crimes.”
First of all, many interviewees had only a vague notion of the central
tenets of their faiths. Take, for example, an 18-year-old robber whose “
street name” was Que:
Que: I believe in God and the Bible and stuff. I believe in Christmas, and
uh, you know the commitments and what not.
Int: You mean the Commandments?
Que: Yeah that. I believe in that.
Int: Can you name any of them?
Que: Ahhh … well, I don’t know … like don’t steal, and uh, don’t cheat
and shit like that. Uhmm … I can’t remember the rest.
Often, the authors found, these knowledge gaps were self-serving. “God has
to forgive everyone, even if they don’t believe in him,” insisted one 33-
year-old enforcer for a drug gang, with a vested interest in avoiding
damnation for the murders he had committed. A 23-year-old robber called
Young Stunna suggested that the circumstances of his upbringing would
absolve him of his crimes: “Jesus knows I ain’t have no choice, you know?
He know I got a decent heart. He know I’m stuck in the hood and just doing
what I gotta do to survive.”
Indeed, many of those surveyed used their understandings of faith to justify
their own criminal behavior. A 25-year-old drug dealer called Cool
suggested that God doesn’t mind when you do bad things to bad people:
Also another thing is this; if you doing some wrong to another bad person,
like if I go rob a dope dealer or a molester or something, then it don’t
count against me because it’s like I’m giving punishment to them for Jesus
. That’s God’s will. Oh you molested some kids? Well now I’m [God]
sending Cool over your house to get your ass.
In the end, the authors found, “there is reason to believe that these
rationalizations and justifications may play a criminogenic role in their
decision making.”
A couple points. First, this is a really small sample size, and it’s
possible that if the authors had surveyed more people over a broader
geographical area, their results would have been different. Second, as the
authors themselves acknowledge, criminals certainly aren’t the only ones
who tend to misunderstand religious teachings, or to contort them for their
own benefit. Granted, there aren’t usually violent consequences when your
Aunt Sue misunderstands something in the Bible; the worst that happens is
that she’s just a little more unbearable at Thanksgiving dinner. But, still
, the Theoretical Criminology study shouldn’t be interpreted as conclusive
evidence that faith-based outreach and rehabilitation programs are worthless.
But the point is, neither is there conclusive evidence that religion on its
own actually helps rehabilitate criminals. This becomes a policy question
when we’re talking about prisons. As that Bureau of Prisons report put it,
while “religious programs in the correctional setting have been the single
most common form of institutional programming for inmates,” nobody really
knows whether those programs are effective. There’s not much good data.
People tend to use tautological arguments to support religion-based
rehabilitation programs. That’s not good enough. If we’re going to talk
about whether religion helps rehabilitate criminals, we need to insist on
data. Don’t just take it on faith. | x*a
发帖数: 4968 | 2 摘要，看这句就够了：
Que: Ahhh … well, I don’t know … like don’t steal, and uh, don’t cheat
and shit like that. Uhmm … I can’t remember the rest.
老Ｅ就靠傍这种资料来反基了。 | E*****m
发帖数: 25615 | 3
cheat
又沒說你是罪犯， 無聊。
【在 x*a 的大作中提到】
: 摘要，看这句就够了：
: Que: Ahhh … well, I don’t know … like don’t steal, and uh, don’t cheat
: and shit like that. Uhmm … I can’t remember the rest.
: 老Ｅ就靠傍这种资料来反基了。
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