o**n
发帖数: 2130 | 1 右逼可以对照开头的那个韩裔先自己照照镜子，是不是你想入共党就能入了
During the recent No Labels-hosted Problem Solver Convention in New
Hampshire, things got a little uncomfortable.
When Joseph Choe, an Asian American college student, stood up to ask a
question about South Korea, Donald Trump cut him off and wondered aloud: “
Are you from South Korea?”
Choe responded, “I’m not. I was born in Texas, raised in Colorado.” His
answer prompted laughter from the audience, and nothing more than a shrug
from the GOP presidential candidate.
Media outlets like NPR and the Huffington Post mocked this interaction as a
“Where are you from?” moment.
A fellow conference attendee who walked by Choe subsequently joked, “You’
re gonna have to show him your birth certificate, man!”
Although Trump probably did not intend to offend, this interaction likely
reminded Choe and other Asian American voters that being Asian often
translates to being perceived by fellow Americans as a foreigner.
However innocuous Trump’s question may seem, this is exactly the sort of
exchange that could, in part, be pushing Asian Americans – the highest-
income, most-educated, and fastest-growing segment of the United States –
toward the Democratic Party by landslide margins.
A landslide for Obama
In the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama won 73 percent of the Asian
American vote. That exceeded his support among traditional Democratic Party
constituencies like Hispanics (71 percent) and women (55 percent).
Republicans should be alarmed by this statistic, as Asians weren’t always
so far out of reach for Republicans.
When we examine presidential exit polls, we see that 74 percent of the Asian
American vote went to the Republican presidential candidate just two
decades ago. The Democratic presidential vote share among Asian Americans
has steadily increased from 36 percent in 1992, to 64 percent in the 2008
election to 73 percent in 2012. Asian Americans were also one of the rare
groups that were more favorable to President Obama in the latter election.
This dramatic change in party preference is stunning. No other group has
shifted so dramatically in its party identification within such a short time
period. Some are calling it the “GOP’s Asian erosion.”
Moreover, Asian Americans as a group have a number of attributes that would
usually predict an affinity for the Republican Party.
American Enterprise Institute’s notes:
“If you’re looking for a natural Republican constituency, Asians should
define ‘natural’ … And yet something has happened to define conservatism
in the minds of Asians as deeply unattractive.”
As shown by Andrew Gelman and his coauthors in their book “Red State, Blue
State, Rich State, Poor State: Why Americans Vote the Way They Do,” income
is a powerful driver of political party preferences. Generally, richer
voters are more likely to vote Republican.
Asian Americans’ income is, on average, higher than any other ethnic group
in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009, the
median Asian household had a higher income ($65,469) than the median white
household ($51,863). Median black and Hispanic household incomes were $32,
584 and $38,039, respectively.
So why are Asian Americans leaning left instead of right?
My research with Alexander Kuo and Neil Malhotra offers one explanation. The
feeling of social exclusion stemming from their ethnic background might be
pushing Asian Americans away from the Republican Party.
The hated question
Asian Americans are regularly made to feel like foreigners in their own
country through “innocent” racial microaggressions. Microaggressions are
“everyday insults, indignities and demeaning messages sent to people of
color by well-intentioned white people who are unaware of the hidden
messages being sent.” An example is being asked “Where are you really from
?” – after answering the question “Where are you from?” with a location
within the United States. Another is being complimented on one’s great
English-speaking skills. In both cases, the underlying assumption is that
Asian Americans are outsiders.
According to a 2005 study by Sapna Cheryan and Benoit Monin, Asian Americans
are right to feel excluded. The study shows Asian Americans are seen as
less American than other Americans.
A 2008 study by Thierry Devos and Debbie Ma confirmed this result. The study
found that in the mind of the average American, a white European celebrity
(Kate Winslet) is considered more American than an Asian American celebrity
(Lucy Liu).
But while Asian Americans are perceived as less American by other ethnic
groups, Cheryan and Monin found that Asian Americans are just as likely as
white Americans to self-identify as American and hold patriotic attitudes.
This makes attacks on their identity as Americans hurtful.
The impact of racial microaggressions on exclusionary feelings can be
magnified in political contexts, such as advertisements, political rhetoric,
and policy positions on issues related to Asians like immigration.
How is this politically consequential?
We posit that rhetoric from Republicans insinuating that nonwhite “takers”
are taking away from white “makers,” as well as their strong anti-
immigrant positions, has cultivated a perception that the Republican Party
is less welcoming of minorities. Since the Democratic Party is seen as less
exclusionary, we find that triggering feelings of social exclusion makes
Asian Americans favor Democrats.
We conducted an experiment in which Asian Americans were brought into a
university laboratory. Half were randomly subjected to a seemingly benign
racial microaggression like Trump’s clueless remarks to Choe before being
asked to fill out a political survey. The white assistant was instructed to
tell half of the study participants, “I’m sorry. I forgot that this study
is only for US citizens. Are you a US citizen? I cannot tell.”
Asian Americans who were exposed to this race-based presumption of “not
belonging” were more likely to identify strongly as a Democrat. They were
also more likely to view Republicans generally as close-minded and ignorant,
less likely to represent people like them, and to have more negative
feelings toward them.
Our finding is remarkable given that the racial microaggression was
mentioned only once, and was of the most benign nature. Our experiment
confirms that Asian Americans associate feelings of social exclusion based
on their ethnic background with the Republican Party.
Social exclusion based on race is common
When we examined the 2008 National Asian American Survey (NAAS), a
nationally representative sample of over 5,000 Asian Americans and Pacific
Islanders, we found that self-reported racial discrimination, a proxy for
feelings of social exclusion, was positively correlated with identification
with the Democratic Party over the Republican Party.
Analyzing the NAAS data, we find that racial discrimination is not rare.
Nearly 40 percent of Asian Americans suffered at least one of the following
forms of racial discrimination in their lifetime:
being unfairly denied a job or fired
being unfairly denied a promotion at work
being unfairly treated by the police
being unfairly prevented from renting or buying a home
treated unfairly at a restaurant or other place of service
being a victim of a hate crime.
It is important to note that our findings do not mean that social exclusion
is the only reason why Asian Americans are Democrats. However, they do
provide some insight on why Asian Americans are leaning left today.
Significance of the Asian American vote
Understanding Asian American political behavior has important electoral
ramifications. According to a 2013 US Census report, while Asian Americans
are only 5 percent of the U.S. population and about 4 percent of voters, in
some states they make up a considerably higher proportion of the electorate.
Asian Americans make of 12 percent of likely voters in California. They are
projected to become 9 percent of the overall U.S. population by 2015.
Since 1996, the number of Asian Americans who cast votes has increased by
105 percent, in contrast to a 13 percent increase among white voters.
Additionally, while the lion’s share of Asian American votes are going to
Democratic candidates, according to Zoltan Hajnal and Taeku Lee, the
majority of Asian Americans are not officially affiliated with any party.
That means they’re “gettable” by either party.
So what can the GOP do to win the Asian American vote?
The short answer is, not what they are currently doing.
As long as Republicans appear unwelcoming of minorities, our findings
suggest, they will struggle to get Asian Americans’ electoral support.
Recent rhetoric around immigration reform from leading Republican
presidential candidates goes beyond subtle racial microaggressions. The
current Republican candidates are being explicitly exclusionary. Donald
Trump and Ben Carson are doubling down on anti-immigrant sentiments, stating
sweeping and offensive stereotypes of immigrants.
Jeb Bush, rather than apologizing for the use of the offensive term “anchor
babies,” defended the use of the term by redirecting the conversation away
from Latino immigrants to Asian immigrants.
Our study suggests that the increasing salience of issues like immigration
that implicitly or explicitly offend minority groups coupled with
exclusionary rhetoric from prominent leaders of the Republican Party will
continue to push Asian Americans to the Democratic Party. | c**********r
发帖数: 891 | | c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 3 看到个熟悉的名字andrew gelman,他真是什么都懂啊
a
【在 o**n 的大作中提到】
: 右逼可以对照开头的那个韩裔先自己照照镜子，是不是你想入共党就能入了
: During the recent No Labels-hosted Problem Solver Convention in New
: Hampshire, things got a little uncomfortable.
: When Joseph Choe, an Asian American college student, stood up to ask a
: question about South Korea, Donald Trump cut him off and wondered aloud: “
: Are you from South Korea?”
: Choe responded, “I’m not. I was born in Texas, raised in Colorado.” His
: answer prompted laughter from the audience, and nothing more than a shrug
: from the GOP presidential candidate.
: Media outlets like NPR and the Huffington Post mocked this interaction as a
| c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 4 说实话trump讲话我也听了不少，倒不觉得他有特别针对华人的，他有言必称中国都是
针对贸易，属于fair game.倒是JEB说了anchor baby遭到latino社区反弹，就无耻地辩
解说他指的是亚裔，被trump揪了出来
【在 c**********r 的大作中提到】
: 右逼说疮噗夸我聪明，封我做高大上的马公。
| j*****v
发帖数: 7717 | 5 Why 左婢喜歡bring up偽命題。
是不是vote Republican的Asian American在左婢眼裡不是人 | t***t
发帖数: 6066 | | s*******1
发帖数: 16479 | 7 所以之后我对结布一直没好感
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: 说实话trump讲话我也听了不少，倒不觉得他有特别针对华人的，他有言必称中国都是
: 针对贸易，属于fair game.倒是JEB说了anchor baby遭到latino社区反弹，就无耻地辩
: 解说他指的是亚裔，被trump揪了出来
| r**********f
发帖数: 2808 | 8 80-20 就对“Are you from South Korea?"大做文章。我不知道怎么进入了80-20的电
邮distribution list。 看了80-20 对这句话吹毛求疵的批评后，我立马unsubscribe
了。就这麽一句话，让80-20（80-20认为自己代表全美亚裔）很受伤。
吸啦痢说，hunting down Chinese， 80-20一声不吭。
I think for myself. I don't want to be represented.
【在 t***t 的大作中提到】
: 吸啦痢说，hunt down Chinese
| c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 9 你以为左派liberal就不种族歧视了，不排外了？ gimme a break, 我在Boston，看到
的听到的多了。
a
【在 o**n 的大作中提到】
: 右逼可以对照开头的那个韩裔先自己照照镜子，是不是你想入共党就能入了
: During the recent No Labels-hosted Problem Solver Convention in New
: Hampshire, things got a little uncomfortable.
: When Joseph Choe, an Asian American college student, stood up to ask a
: question about South Korea, Donald Trump cut him off and wondered aloud: “
: Are you from South Korea?”
: Choe responded, “I’m not. I was born in Texas, raised in Colorado.” His
: answer prompted laughter from the audience, and nothing more than a shrug
: from the GOP presidential candidate.
: Media outlets like NPR and the Huffington Post mocked this interaction as a
| c**********r
发帖数: 891 | 10 他的主页直接说Chinese theft. 知识产权和贸易都是极其复杂的问题，他的脑残红脖
教徒肯定搞不懂，就记住了中国人是小偷。
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: 说实话trump讲话我也听了不少，倒不觉得他有特别针对华人的，他有言必称中国都是
: 针对贸易，属于fair game.倒是JEB说了anchor baby遭到latino社区反弹，就无耻地辩
: 解说他指的是亚裔，被trump揪了出来
| | | c**********r
发帖数: 891 | 11 所以你就支持同样歧视你的右派？
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: 你以为左派liberal就不种族歧视了，不排外了？ gimme a break, 我在Boston，看到
: 的听到的多了。
:
: a
| f**********n
发帖数: 29853 | 12 讲到歧视，本版仅次于毛毛虫的的伟大思想家老王就得发言了。
歧视只是人的观点，属于人的第一修正案权利，本身是受保护和尊重的。就如我认为
chest笨如猪，凶如狼。这个chest兄可以说我是歧视。
把歧视定在制度里就不对了，哪怕你有大量的统计数字证明这种歧视是合理的，因为一
个群体里面的总有特殊的个体。这种歧视的制度就侵犯了这些个体的利益。
譬如，本版大部分左派都和chest差不多，笨如猪，凶如狼，但是我们也不能把他们都
禁了，就因为他们是左派。这里头总有个吧笨如阿朱，凶如萧郎的，还可以挽救。 | c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 13 那倒要看一看。
【在 c**********r 的大作中提到】
: 他的主页直接说Chinese theft. 知识产权和贸易都是极其复杂的问题，他的脑残红脖
: 教徒肯定搞不懂，就记住了中国人是小偷。
| f**********n
发帖数: 29853 | 14 就这句话来反驳的话，你觉得是红脖看主页的可能性高，还是大家听希拉里说猎杀中国
人的可能性高？
【在 c**********r 的大作中提到】
: 他的主页直接说Chinese theft. 知识产权和贸易都是极其复杂的问题，他的脑残红脖
: 教徒肯定搞不懂，就记住了中国人是小偷。
| c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 15 左右都有，如rush limbaugh 和jimmy kimmel,印象中
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: 你以为左派liberal就不种族歧视了，不排外了？ gimme a break, 我在Boston，看到
: 的听到的多了。
:
: a
| c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 16 not the point.
歧视是人性最基本的trait, everyone has it, nothing wrong.
但不是说你在被歧视的环境里就不能survivie or thrive, you still can.
不要把歧视和政党之争混起来
【在 c**********r 的大作中提到】
: 所以你就支持同样歧视你的右派？
| c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 17 那么你在被歧视的时候是fight还是笑笑走开？
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: not the point.
: 歧视是人性最基本的trait, everyone has it, nothing wrong.
: 但不是说你在被歧视的环境里就不能survivie or thrive, you still can.
: 不要把歧视和政党之争混起来
| c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 18 没人说右派不歧视，实际上右派的歧视（媒体里主要是talk radio show啦，正如你提
到的Rush Limbaugh）更是赤裸裸的，但又怎么样呢？左派藏着掖着的不更虚伪么？
again,歧视是人与生俱来的本性，we should learn how to work with it, not how
to avoid it because you just can't.
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: 左右都有，如rush limbaugh 和jimmy kimmel,印象中
| f**********n
发帖数: 29853 | 19 说的很好。补充一点，
在美国所有政策里，有歧视的，只有AA。
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: 没人说右派不歧视，实际上右派的歧视（媒体里主要是talk radio show啦，正如你提
: 到的Rush Limbaugh）更是赤裸裸的，但又怎么样呢？左派藏着掖着的不更虚伪么？
: again,歧视是人与生俱来的本性，we should learn how to work with it, not how
: to avoid it because you just can't.
| c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 20 OK, let's not turn this into personal, you are not better than me in many
ways I am sure of that.
all I am saying is that, racial/(or none-racial) discrimination is so
prevalent that you cannot just put a liberal or conservative hat on it.
We talk about politics, we talk about their issues, don't bring in racial
because it's just not really relevant.
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: 那么你在被歧视的时候是fight还是笑笑走开？
| | | c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 21 同意。只是在如何教下一代handle这种情形真地很不容易。
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: 没人说右派不歧视，实际上右派的歧视（媒体里主要是talk radio show啦，正如你提
: 到的Rush Limbaugh）更是赤裸裸的，但又怎么样呢？左派藏着掖着的不更虚伪么？
: again,歧视是人与生俱来的本性，we should learn how to work with it, not how
: to avoid it because you just can't.
| c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 22 AA现在成了ratio quota了，确实已经过时。但是不知道你是否同意income based的AA。
在美国所有政策里，有歧视的，只有AA。
【在 f**********n 的大作中提到】
: 说的很好。补充一点，
: 在美国所有政策里，有歧视的，只有AA。
| c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 23 当然不容易，我有两个孩子，老大已经开始懂事了，当然知道不容易。
老大在学校里（preschool）有印度小朋友，回来说起印度小朋友的肤色是brown的，他
为什么要这么说呢？就是因为他觉得印度小朋友的肤色很深和他的不一样。他现在还小
不知道他在说什么，但至少反映了他发觉了别人身上不一样的东西。你说他是在赞叹别
人的肤色么？I don't think so, 他是在歧视么？I don't think so either.
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: 同意。只是在如何教下一代handle这种情形真地很不容易。
| f**********n
发帖数: 29853 | 24 我的AA政治立场就是，我反对一切基于种族的特殊优待政策。
AA。
【在 c*******o 的大作中提到】
: AA现在成了ratio quota了，确实已经过时。但是不知道你是否同意income based的AA。
:
: 在美国所有政策里，有歧视的，只有AA。
| f**********n
发帖数: 29853 | 25 老兄这个敏感了，这个不就是简单的，人有很多种。
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: 当然不容易，我有两个孩子，老大已经开始懂事了，当然知道不容易。
: 老大在学校里（preschool）有印度小朋友，回来说起印度小朋友的肤色是brown的，他
: 为什么要这么说呢？就是因为他觉得印度小朋友的肤色很深和他的不一样。他现在还小
: 不知道他在说什么，但至少反映了他发觉了别人身上不一样的东西。你说他是在赞叹别
: 人的肤色么？I don't think so, 他是在歧视么？I don't think so either.
| c*******o
发帖数: 8869 | 26 NONO，老兄误会了，绝无personal的意思。我是说作为被歧视的一方，如果fight back
,人家也许说你hyper sensitive，政治正确。如果集体抗争，就成了黑人生命重要了，
这个度很难把握啊。
【在 c********e 的大作中提到】
: OK, let's not turn this into personal, you are not better than me in many
: ways I am sure of that.
: all I am saying is that, racial/(or none-racial) discrimination is so
: prevalent that you cannot just put a liberal or conservative hat on it.
: We talk about politics, we talk about their issues, don't bring in racial
: because it's just not really relevant.
|
|
