P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 1 2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(AlGore)赢得普选却输掉
总统大选的可能性。...
In November 2000, as the Florida recount gripped the nation, a newly elected
Democratic senator from New York took a break from an upstate victory tour
to address the possibility that Al Gore could wind up winning the popular
vote but losing the presidential election.
2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(Al Gore)赢得普选却输掉
总统大选的可能性。
She was unequivocal.“I believe strongly that in a democracy, we should
respect the will of the people,” Hillary Clinton said, “and to me that
means it’s time to do away with the Electoral College and move to the
popular election of our president.”
她的主张很明确。“我坚信，在一个民主国家，我们应该尊重人民的意愿，”希拉里&#
8226;克林顿(Hillary Clinton)说，“在我看来，那意味着，是时候取消选举团(
ElectoralCollege)制度，改为总统普选。”
Sixteen years later, the Electoral College is still standing, and Mrs.
Clinton has followed Mr. Gore as the second Democratic presidential
candidate in modern history to be defeated by a Republican who earned fewer
votes, in his case by George W. Bush.
十六年后，选举团依然存在，克林顿夫人成为现代历史上第二位被赢得较少票数的共和
党人击败的民主党总统候选人——她之前是被乔治•W•布什(George W.
Bush)击败的戈尔。
In her concession speech on Wednesday, Mrs. Clinton did not mention the
popular vote, an omission that seemed to signal her desire to encourage a
smooth and civil transition of power after such a divisive election. But her
running mate, Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia, wasted little time
highlighting her higher vote total than Donald J. Trump’s in introducing
her.
在周三的败选演讲中，克林顿没提普选，似乎是想表明，她希望在这场严重分裂的大选
之后，能够实现顺利平稳的权力交接。但她的竞选搭档、弗吉尼亚州参议员蒂姆•
;凯恩(Tim Kaine)在介绍她时，很快就强调她的总得票数高于唐纳德•J•
特朗普(Donald J. Trump)。
And the disparity left a bitter taste in the mouths of many Democrats, whose
party won the country’s national popular vote for the third consecutive
election but no longer controls any branch of government.
这种不一致令很多民主党人感到痛苦，他们的政党连续第三次赢得全国普选，但他们将
不再控制任何一个政府分支。
“If we really subscribe to the notion that ‘majority rules,’ then why do
we deny the majority their chosen candidate?” said Jennifer M. Granholm, a
former governor of Michigan.
“如果我们真的信奉‘多数原则’，那么我们为什么要拒绝多数人选择的候选人？”前
密歇根州州长詹妮弗•M•格兰霍姆(Jennifer M. Granholm)说。
Mr. Trump himself has been critical of the Electoral College in the past. On
the eve of the 2012 election, he called it “a disaster for a democracy”
in a Twitter post. Now, after months of railing against what he called a “
rigged” election, he has become the unlikely beneficiary of an electoral
system that allows a candidate to win the race without winning over the most
voters.
特朗普本人也曾批评过选举团制度。2012年大选前夕，他在Twitter上称它是“民主的
灾难”。现在，在指责大选“被操纵”数月之后，他出人意料地成为了这种选举制度的
受益者，正是这种制度允许一名未能赢得最多选票的候选人赢得大选。
None of Mrs. Clinton’s supporters have gone so far as to suggest that the
popular vote tally should delegitimize Mr. Trump’s victory, and the popular
vote margin in Tuesday’s election was in fact narrower than the one that
separated Mr. Bush and Mr. Gore in 2000.
克林顿的支持者都没有表示，普选票数应该令特朗普的胜选失去合法性，而且，在周二
的选举中，普选票数的差距实际小于布什和戈尔在2000年的差距。
But the results are already renewing calls for electoral reform. “I
personally would like to see the Electoral College eliminated entirely,”
said David Boies, who represented Mr. Gore in the Florida recount in 2000.
“I think it’s a historical anomaly.”
但是，这些结果已经引发对选举改革的新呼吁。“我个人希望看到选举团被彻底取消，
”在2000年佛罗里达州重新计票案中代表戈尔的律师戴维•博伊斯(David Boies)
说，“我认为它是源自历史的异常现象。”
Defenders of the system argue that it reduces the chances of daunting
nationwide recounts in close races, a scenario that Gary L. Gregg II, an
Electoral College expert at the University of Louisville, said would be a “
national nightmare.”
该制度的捍卫者认为，它能减少在票数接近的选举中出现可怕的全国重新计票的可能性
。路易斯维尔大学(University of Louisville)的选举团专家加里•L•格
雷格二世(Gary L.Gregg II)说，那将是一场“举国噩梦”。
A variety of factors informed the creation of the Electoral College, which
apportions a fixed number of votes to different states based on the size of
their populations. The founding fathers sought to ensure that residents in
states with smaller populations were not ignored. And in an era that
predated mass media and even political parties, they were concerned that
average Americans would lack enough information about the candidates to make
intelligent choices. So informed“electors” would stand in for them.
各种因素促成了选举团的设立。它根据人口规模给各州分配固定数量的选票。开国元勋
们希望努力确保人口较少的州的居民不被忽视。在那个大众媒体甚至政党尚未出现的年
代，他们担心普通的美国人对候选人的情况不够了解，无法做出明智的选择。所以让了
解情况的“选举团成员”代表他们。
Above all, some historians point to the critical role that slavery played in
the formation of the system. Southern delegates to the 1787 Constitutional
Convention, most prominently James Madison of Virginia, were concerned that
their constituents would be outnumbered by Northerners. The Three-Fifths
Compromise, however, allowed states to count each slave as three-fifths of a
person — enough, at the time, to ensure a Southern majority in
presidential races.
有些史学家指出，最重要的是，奴隶制在这种选举制度的形成中发挥了关键作用。1787
年制宪会议(Constitutional Convention)上的南方代表，尤其是弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯&
#8226;麦迪逊(James Madison)，担心北方州的选民人数超过南方州。但是，五分之三
妥协(Three-Fifths Compromise)允许各州将每个奴隶算作五分之三个人，在当时，这
足以确保南方州的选民在总统大选中占多数。
On social media Wednesday, some drew connections between that history and
what they perceived as an imbalance in the Electoral College that favors
Republicans.
周三，在社交媒体上，有些人将那段历史与他们眼中的有利于共和党的选举团不平衡状
况联系了起来。
“Electoral college will forever tip balance to rural/conservative/“white”
/older voters — a concessionto slave-holders originally,” the author Joyce
Carol Oates wrote on Twitter.
作家乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨(Joyce Carol Oates)在Twitter上写道：“选举
团将永远倾向于农村/保守派/“白人”/老年选民——这源于对奴隶主的让步。”
To its critics, the Electoral College is a relic that violates the
democratic principle of one person, one vote, and distorts the presidential
campaign by encouraging candidates to campaign only in the relatively small
number of contested states.
选举团的批评者认为，这一遗留制度违背一人一票的民主原则，鼓励候选人仅在数量相
对较少的几个摇摆州进行游说，从而扭曲了总统竞选。
“I think it is intolerable for democracy,” said George C. Edwards III, a
political-science professor at Texas A&M University and the author of a book
on the Electoral College. “I can’t think of any justification for it, and
any justification that is offered doesn’t bear scrutiny.”
“我认为，这是民主所不能容忍的，”德州农工大学(Texas A&M University)政治学教
授乔治•C•爱德华兹三世(George C. Edwards III)说。他写过一本关于选
举团的书。“我想不出任何正当理由可以支持其存在，所有给出的理由都经不起推敲。”
But calls to change the system, which would require a constitutional
amendment, are likely to fall on deaf ears with Republicans in control of
both houses of Congress.
但是，改革这一制度需要通过一项宪法修正案，而控制国会两院的共和党人很可能会对
这些呼吁充耳不闻。
And though there was some momentum for reform after Mr. Gore’s defeat, it
dissipated after Mr. Bush and Barack Obama won both the popular and
electoral votes in 2004, 2008 and 2012.
虽然戈尔败选后出现过一些改革动力，但是布什和贝拉克•奥巴马在2004年、
2008年及2012年同时在普选票和选举人票上获胜后，这些动力又消失了。
Some states have discussed a possibility that would not necessarily require
amending the Constitution: jettisoning the winner-takes-all system, in which
a single candidate is awarded all of a state’s electoral votes —
regardless of the popular vote — and instead apportioning them to reflect
the breakdown of each state’s popular vote. Two states, Maine and Nebraska,
already do this. But even that approach could face challenges, said
Laurence H. Tribe, a professor at Harvard Law School.
有些州讨论过一种无需修改宪法的解决方案：抛弃赢家通吃的制度——在这种制度下，
不管普选票数，一名候选人获得该州的所有选举人票——而是按照每个州的普选票数分
配选举人票数。缅因州和内布拉斯加州已经这样做了。但是，哈佛大学法学院(Harvard
Law School)教授劳伦斯•H•特赖布(Laurence H. Tribe)说，就连那种方
法也可能面临挑战。
For reformers, the best hope may lie in the so-called National Popular Vote
Interstate Compact, an agreement among states to award all of their
respective electoral votes to the candidate who wins the popular vote in a
given election. So far, 10 states and the District of Columbia have joined
the agreement. But it will only go into effect when enough states have
signed on to guarantee that the winner of the popular vote will win the
election.
对改革者来说，最大的希望可能在于所谓的《全国普选票州际协定》(National
Popular Vote Interstate Compact)。它是各州之间的协定，把它们各自的所有选举人
票投给在普选中获胜的候选人。到目前为止，有10个州和哥伦比亚特区加入了该协定。
但是，只有在足够多的州签订该协议以确保普选获胜者赢得大选之后，它才能生效。
For now, it seems, any change still remains a far-off notion.
目前，似乎任何改变都仍是遥远的概念。
“I am very mad at James Madison,” said former Representative Barney Frank,
a Massachusetts Democrat.“But I don’t think there’s anything I can do
about it.”
“我很生詹姆斯•麦迪逊的气，”马萨诸塞州民主党人、前众议员巴尼•弗
兰克(Barney Frank)说，“但是，对此我无能为力。” | P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 2 原来选举团人票制度同奴隶制有关。
每个奴隶算作五分之三个人，而且其投票由奴隶主代表。 | P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 3 Mr. Trump himself has been critical of the Electoral College in the past. On
the eve of the 2012 election, he called it “a disaster for a democracy”
in a Twitter post. Now, after months of railing against what he called a “
rigged” election, he has become the unlikely beneficiary of an electoral
system that allows a candidate to win the race without winning over the most
voters.
特朗普本人也曾批评过选举团制度。2012年大选前夕，他在Twitter上称它是“民主的
灾难”。现在，在指责大选“被操纵”数月之后，他出人意料地成为了这种选举制度的
受益者，正是这种制度允许一名未能赢得最多选票的候选人赢得大选。 | t*****n
发帖数: 2578 | 4 关我屁事
反正希啦痢不是总统
猪党国会，法院，总统，州全面大败 | d****n
发帖数: 10034 | 5 什么制度都可以。只要事先说好，大家按规则玩。别弄个Hillary won popular vote来
斯鬓。saying that is like saying Falcon should win super bowl since they
lead Patriot in 3 out of 4 quarters.
elected
tour
【在 P****R 的大作中提到】
: 2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
: 议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(AlGore)赢得普选却输掉
: 总统大选的可能性。...
: In November 2000, as the Florida recount gripped the nation, a newly elected
: Democratic senator from New York took a break from an upstate victory tour
: to address the possibility that Al Gore could wind up winning the popular
: vote but losing the presidential election.
: 2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
: 议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(Al Gore)赢得普选却输掉
: 总统大选的可能性。
| P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 6 就是，罗姆尼输了本人都无所谓，但有人就要赖皮了，要普选制了。
【在 d****n 的大作中提到】
: 什么制度都可以。只要事先说好，大家按规则玩。别弄个Hillary won popular vote来
: 斯鬓。saying that is like saying Falcon should win super bowl since they
: lead Patriot in 3 out of 4 quarters.
:
: elected
: tour
| P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 7 这就是小人的典型特征：对自己有利的就认，对自己不利的就闹。缺乏基本的契约精神
。自己落后，就说Rigged，自己赢了，就再也不说了。如果输了，谁知道会耍什么样的
赖，满地打滚，死不认输，煽动全国大乱？？！！这点，老希做得漂亮，尽管很多人说
她是片子，但这次一旦看到输了，立即说到做到，推盘认输。这一点，值得老川学习。
过去信口开河，现在当了总统，应该认真改改。红的蓝的，都在见证。现在双方要做的
，不是谩骂攻击，而是看着老川为大家制定的菜单，等着享受大餐的美味佳肴。
【在 t*****n 的大作中提到】
: 关我屁事
: 反正希啦痢不是总统
: 猪党国会，法院，总统，州全面大败
| l*****g
发帖数: 685 | 8 普川现在说：因为我觉得选举团制不合理，所以我现在把总统让给希拉蕊，你们左弊们
真的好意思接受吗？
输了就输了，整天发些莫明其妙的东西，有病！
elected
tour
【在 P****R 的大作中提到】
: 2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
: 议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(AlGore)赢得普选却输掉
: 总统大选的可能性。...
: In November 2000, as the Florida recount gripped the nation, a newly elected
: Democratic senator from New York took a break from an upstate victory tour
: to address the possibility that Al Gore could wind up winning the popular
: vote but losing the presidential election.
: 2000年11月，在佛罗里达州的重新计票吸引全国关注时，一位新当选的纽约州民主党参
: 议员在州北部的胜选之旅中抽出时间，讲述阿尔•戈尔(Al Gore)赢得普选却输掉
: 总统大选的可能性。
| P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 9 “总统选举团对于一个民主国家来说就是一场灾难。”
【在 l*****g 的大作中提到】
: 普川现在说：因为我觉得选举团制不合理，所以我现在把总统让给希拉蕊，你们左弊们
: 真的好意思接受吗？
: 输了就输了，整天发些莫明其妙的东西，有病！
:
: elected
: tour
| P****R
发帖数: 22479 | 10
【在 l*****g 的大作中提到】
: 普川现在说：因为我觉得选举团制不合理，所以我现在把总统让给希拉蕊，你们左弊们
: 真的好意思接受吗？
: 输了就输了，整天发些莫明其妙的东西，有病！
:
: elected
: tour
| c*n
发帖数: 36 | 11
【在 P****R 的大作中提到】
| c******e
发帖数: 2503 | 12 你家罗玲已久打算去法庭申诉取消选举人制度了，你还不赶紧跳上去 | g****n
发帖数: 7494 | |
|
