l**n
发帖数: 7272 | 1 今天纽约时报文章“研究表明：移民是创新的关键”
crucial：essential for resolving crisis，这里我译成关键不是因为达信雅，而是
为了赚眼球。
这是文章的唯一插图
Wenyuan Shi, a native of China, earned a patent in 2011 for the active
ingredient in a lollipop that can help prevent tooth decay.
Wenyuan Shi的网页
http://www.mimg.ucla.edu/faculty/shi/index.html
Beida101认不认识他？
纽约时报文章链接：
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/26/business/immigrants-played-ro | l**n
发帖数: 7272 | 2 全文
Immigrants Are Crucial to Innovation, Study Says
By ANDREW MARTIN
Arguing against immigration policies that force foreign-born innovators to
leave the United States, a new study to be released on Tuesday shows that
immigrants played a role in more than three out of four patents at the
nation’s top research universities.
Conducted by the Partnership for a New American Economy, a nonprofit group
co-founded by Mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York, the study notes that
nearly all the patents were in science, technology, engineering and math,
the so-called STEM fields that are a crucial driver of job growth.
The report points out that while many of the world’s top foreign-born
innovators are trained at United States universities, after graduation they
face “daunting or insurmountable immigration hurdles that force them to
leave and bring their talents elsewhere.”
The Partnership for a New American Economy released a paper in May saying
that other nations were aggressively courting highly skilled citizens who
had settled in the United States, urging them to return to their home
countries. The partnership supports legislation that would make it easier
for foreign-born STEM graduates and entrepreneurs to stay in the United
States.
“Now that we know immigrants are behind more than three of every four
patents from leading universities, the federal laws that send so many of
them back to their home countries look even more patently wrong,” Mayor
Bloomberg said in a statement.
But some worry that the partnership’s ideas for immigration reform would
undermine similarly skilled American workers while failing to address
broader problems with immigration policy.
“No one is asking what is in their best interest, the American worker,”
said Eric Ruark, director of research for the Federal for American
Immigration Reform, an advocacy group that is pushing for reduced
immigration. “It’s what is best for the employers. What is best for the
foreign workers. It’s not as if the foreign workers aren’t skilled. What’
s being ignored is we already have a domestic work force that has the same
skills.”
The most recent study seeks to quantify the potential costs of immigration
policies by reviewing 1,469 patents from the 10 universities and university
systems that had obtained the most in 2011. The schools include the
University of California system, Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Patents, the study maintains, are a gauge for a nation’s level of
innovation and an important way for the United States to maintain an edge in
STEM fields.
In one illustration of the issue, the study notes that nine out of 10
patents at the University of Illinois system in 2011 had at least one
foreign-born inventor. Of those, 64 percent had a foreign inventor who was
not yet a professor but rather a student, researcher or postdoctoral fellow,
a group more likely to face immigration problems.
Some of the patents that were reviewed for the report have become business
ventures. Wenyuan Shi, a professor at the University of California, Los
Angeles, earned a patent for an ingredient in a lollipop he developed that
works as a dental treatment for children. A native of China, Mr. Shi has
created a company to commercialize his inventions.
But current immigration laws can make it difficult for foreign-born students
to remain in the United States after graduation. And employers may be wary
of hiring them because green cards, allowing for permanent residency status,
are limited and the process of obtaining one is cumbersome and expensive.
Under the current system, foreign-born students are allowed to stay in the
United States for 12 to 29 months after graduation, provided they find a job
or internship in their field.
After that, more permanent visas are difficult to obtain, restricted by
factors like country quotas. The study notes that China is entitled to the
same number of visas as Iceland.
Dr. Ashlesh Murthy came to the United States from India in 2001 to pursue a
master’s degree in molecular biology at the University of Texas at San
Antonio. Working with his professors there, he developed a vaccine for the
sexually transmitted disease chlamydia, which obtained patents in 2011 and
2012.
Nonetheless, Dr. Murthy had to negotiate a bureaucratic maze to remain in
the United States, and at one point was stuck in India for an extra month
because American officials in India doubted a previously approved visa.
Noting that university officials petitioned a congressman to intervene on
his behalf, Dr. Murthy, said, “If I was not in a position where they really
wanted me, I seriously doubt I would have gotten back.” | l**n
发帖数: 7272 | 3 谷歌中文翻译：
================================
移民是至关重要的创新，研究说
由安德鲁·马丁
反对移民政策，迫使外国出生的创新
离开美国，将在周二公布的一项新的研究表明，
移民发挥的作用，在三年多的四项专利
全国最大的研究型大学。
一个新的美国经济，一个非营利性组织进行伙伴关系
由纽约市长迈克尔·布隆伯格共同创立，研究指出，
几乎所有的专利是在科学，技术，工程和数学，
所谓干的领域，是就业增长的关键驱动力。
该报告指出，虽然许多世界顶级的外国出生
创新训练在美国的大学，毕业后，他们
面对“艰巨的或无法克服的移民的障碍，迫使他们
离开其他地方，使他们的聪明才智。“
新美国经济伙伴关系5月发布的一份文件说，
其他国家积极拉拢高技能的公民
已在美国定居，敦促他们回到自己的家乡
国家。伙伴关系，支持立法会更容易
留在美国的外国出生的干毕业生和企业家
国。
“现在我们知道移民的背后是超过三个，每四个
从一流大学的专利，送这么多的联邦法律
他们回到自己的国家显得更加明显错误，“市长
彭博在一份声明中说。
但有人担心，移民改革的合作伙伴关系的想法
同样熟练的美国工人破坏而未能解决
移民政策的更广泛的问题。
“没有人问什么是他们的最佳利益，美国工人，”
Ruark埃里克说，美国联邦研究主任
移民改革，宣传组，为减少
移民。 “这是最好的雇主。什么是最好的
外国工人。这不，如果外国工人还不熟练。什么
被忽略的是，我们已经拥有了国内的劳动大军，他们具有相同的
技能。“
最近的研究，旨在量化移民的潜在成本
从10所大学和大学的1469项专利审查政策
在2011年取得的最系统。这些学校包括：
加利福尼亚系统的大学，斯坦福大学和麻省理工学院
技术。
研究认为，专利是衡量一个国家的水平
创新和美国的重要途径，以保持在边缘
STEM领域。
在问题的一个例证，该研究指出，90％的
在伊利诺伊州大学系统在2011年的专利至少有一
外国出生的发明家。其中，64％的外国发明者谁是
不是教授，而是一个学生，研究员或博士后研究员，
一组更可能面临的移民问题。
的审查报告的专利，有的已成为业务
企业。施文元教授在加州大学洛杉矶
洛杉矶，赢得了一个棒棒糖成分专利，他开发
作为一个儿童的牙科治疗。土生土长的中国人，石先生
公司创建了一个以他的发明商品化。
但是，现行的移民法，可以使外国出生的学生难以
毕业后留在美国。和雇主可能担忧
雇用他们，因为绿卡，允许永久居民身份，
是有限的，并获得1的过程是繁琐和昂贵。
在现行制度下，允许外国出生的学生留在
美国毕业后，12至29个月，他们找到一份工作
在各自的领域或实习。
在这之后，更多的永久签证是很难获得，限制
因素，如国家配额。这项研究，中国有权对
冰岛签证相同数量。
Ashlesh穆尔蒂博士来到美国，2001年从印度追求
在旧金山的美国德克萨斯大学分子生物学硕士学位
安东尼奥。他与他的教授有工作，制定了疫苗
性病性衣原体病，这在2011年获得专利，并
2012年。
尽管如此，博士穆尔蒂谈判留在一个官僚迷宫
美国，并在一个点上被滞留在印度的一个额外的一个月
因为在印度的美国官员怀疑以前批准的签证。
他指出，大学官员请愿国会议员干预
墨菲博士，他的代表，说：“如果我不是他们真的是在一个位置
想我，我严重怀疑我会得到。“ |
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