j***y
发帖数: 2074 | 1 Even before the Perry mission, during the years of
mounting fear of the west the Tokugawa and other clans
had tried to equip themselves with modern weapons to
meet the foreign threat. In the 1840s, after the
Opium War in China, the Shogunate had embarked on a
programme of reforms under the slogan 'Be frugal and
love arms'. Guns were bought in increasing quantities
from the Dutch, and students of 'foreign learning' now
concentrated on military technology rather than medicine,
astronomy or languag |
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