h***a
发帖数: 312 | 1 Confounding: A situation in which the effect or association between an
exposure and outcome is distorted by the presence of another variable.
Positive confounding (when the observed association is biased away from the
null) and negative confounding (when the observed association is biased
toward the null) both occur.
* Effect modification : a variable that differentially (positively and
negatively) modifies the observed effect of a risk factor on disease status.
Different groups have diffe... 阅读全帖 |
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w***e
发帖数: 269 | 2 confounding是指一个因素如果和 factor of interest以及effect都有关系，但是又不
是在factor of interest 和 effect 的因果关系上，那么就是confounding factor.
比如说男性肺癌比例高，吸烟可以算作一个confounding factor.因为并不是男性和吸
烟有因果关系，但是两个有关。反而看你的这个问题，OCP和家族病史没有关系，所以
家族病史不是OCP causing breast cancer的confounding factor. |
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b*******s
发帖数: 954 | 3 Wrote讲的挺清楚的，我再举个Confounding factors的例子。
“Does prayer lower blood pressure?”根据一个Observational study, 一周去一次
教会并祷告或者阅读圣经的人，和对照组相比，有高血压的可能性要小30%;那么，我们
能得出结论，"prayer lowers blood pressure"吗？
问题是其他的因素可能影响prayer/blood pressure这对factor of interest和effect
。 比如，a, 经常去教会的人可能更少抽烟或喝酒；b. 常去教会的人可能有一个更好
的social support系统；等等。这里的因素a或者b就是confounding factors。
换句话说，和prayer有关系的因素a(少抽烟喝酒)或b (有好的social support system)
都会影响blood pressure; 所以我们在这里无法建立prayer可以lower blood pressure
这个因果关系。
而对LZ这个题来说， 跟wrote讲的一样，OCP和家族史没有关系。... 阅读全帖 |
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h****8
发帖数: 278 | 4 confounding的因素去掉以后就没有significant区别了。换句话说就是之前观察到的效
果是由于confounding factor带来的。
而effect modification和exposure是有效果上的augment的作用。 |
|
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n***a
发帖数: 1373 | 6 Confounding is a bias.
Effect modification is NOT a bias. It is real. It is an observation. |
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b***i
发帖数: 10018 | 7 貌似这位美女也是有目的的...
http://www.vegsource.
com/news/2010/07/china-study-author-colin-campbell-slaps-down-critic-den
ise-minger.html
Reply to Denise Minger
by Dr. T. Colin Campbell, PhD, author The China Study
Ms. Denise Minger has published a critique of our book, The China Study,
as follows.
The China Study: Fact or Fallacy? by Denise Minger - article found at:
http://bit.ly/9s5pn8
It is both interesting and gratifying that there has been such a huge
response, both on her blog and on those of others... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 8 Experts Confounded: Retail Sales Rise First Time in Four Months, But Weaker
Than Expected
updated on Wed Apr 15, 2015 03:45 by [email protected]
/* */ (Mike Mish Shedlock
)
The Bloomberg retail sales consensus estimate was for a 1.1% gain. Sales did
rise for the first time in four months, but not as much as expected.
Retail sales in March rebounded 0.9 percent after dropping 0.5 percent
in February. The market consensus for March was for a 1.1 percent boost.
Excluding autos, sales gai... 阅读全帖 |
|
a**y
发帖数: 6501 | 9 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
jaff1973 (jaff) 于 (Tue Dec 1 07:53:39 2009, 美东) 提到:
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
jaff1973 (jaff) 于 (Tue Dec 1 07:54:27 2009, 美东) 提到:
Why Did I Laugh Tonight?
Why did I laugh tonight? No voice will tell:
No God, no Demon of severe response,
Deigns to reply from Heaven or from Hell.
Then to my human heart I turn at once.
Heart! Thou and I are here, sad and alone;
I say, why did I laugh? O mortal pain!
O Darkness! Darkness! ever must I ... 阅读全帖 |
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t*******d
发帖数: 2570 | 10 我来说两句吧，这个脑健康网站的数据说的是个相关性的数据，相关性的数据不能用来
证明因果性。就是说不能只用它来说明因为摩门教的教导导致了抑郁症的增加。Sparty
列出的文献是研究摩门教信仰是不是跟抑郁症有关的。但是具体结论好像还不是统一的
结论。比如这篇文章并没有把摩门的信仰跟抑郁症联系起来。
Risk factors and the prevalence of depression in Mormon women
Purchase
David C. Spendlovea, Dee W. Westa and William M. Stanishb
a Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Utah School of
Medicine, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, U.S.A.
b SAS Institute, Inc., Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511, U.S.A.
Available online 20 June... 阅读全帖 |
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C****i
发帖数: 1776 | 11 CHAPTER XV
Of Repentance unto Life
I. Repentance unto life is an evangelical grace,[292] the doctrine whereof i
s to be preached by every minister of the gospel, as well as that of faith i
n Christ.[293]
II. By it, a sinner, out of the sight and sense not only of the danger, but
also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, as contrary to the holy n
ature, and righteous law of God; and upon the apprehension of his mercy in C
hrist to such as are penitent, so grieves for, and hates his sins,... 阅读全帖 |
|
o******6
发帖数: 538 | 12 There are some confounding variables in your model. To solve the problem you
can build the initial model where only confounders are analyzed. Then you
can plug confounders effect in the final model with the variables of
interest. |
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z*******2
发帖数: 2643 | 13 A third variable can be confounding Only when it is associated with BOTH the
exposure AND the outcome. Association only with exposure or only with
outcome is not sufficient for a factor to be confounding. In other words,
when the Association between an exposure and an outcome is distorted by a
third variable, you got a confounding bias. |
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k**********4
发帖数: 16092 | 14 恕我直言，你在北美，种族问题对你来说是个confounder，阻碍你看到本质，你回中国
，没有这个confounder，会让你更容易做出正确结论 |
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s********e
发帖数: 601 | 15 Is it this one?
January 25, 2010
[Recipient Name]
[Street Address]
[City, ST ZIP Code]
Sub: Mismanagement Led to Disadvantage of China Employment-Based Second
Preference in FY 2009
Dear Congressman/Congresswoman/Senator XXX:
I am writing to express my grave concerns regarding severe mismanagement of
the crucial visa number allocation process under of the Immigration Visa
Control and Report Divisio... 阅读全帖 |
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G***a
发帖数: 27294 | 16 在你意料之中也没关系，引起思考就是好事。：）
我就是问一个很简单的问题，那就是，为什么一个只消耗10卡的动作，这么多人都认为
有用呢？
你说是跟motivation有关。
有motivation的人站得多，所以干别的有益于减肥的事情也多，所以表观上看，饭后站
着能帮助减肥。
问题是，motivation这个变量，既跟independent variable相关（站不站），也和
dependent variable相关（能不能减肥），于是成了一个完完全全的大confounding .
我只是觉得confuse，这么多高学历的聪明人，面对这么明显的一个大confounding，从
来没有觉得
＂也许站着其实不起作用，起作用的只是motivation吗？＂
这也是一个非常合理的alternative啊！
★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb - 中文网站浏览器 |
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w***s
发帖数: 15642 | 17 把heuristics解释成贝叶斯理论的Prior是不是太理性化了。。。儿童可以理解概率的
概念，儿童也可以不自觉的以经验来指导决策，这两个过程可能是confounded（也应该
是confounded，因为概率是一个对客观现实的描述），但是不能把一个说成是另一个吧。 |
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p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 18 Cruyff’s cardiac problems forced him to give up cigarettes but, sucking furiously on lollipops, he oversaw the emergence of a team that encapsulated his vision. Bar?a won the league in 1990–91 and went on to win it in each of the next three seasons as well. Even more importantly, in 1992 the Dream Team, as it became known, became the first Barcelona side to win the European Cup. Stoichkov happily played wide in that line-up, usually on the left but occasionally on the right; Laudrup by then was ... 阅读全帖 |
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x***x
发帖数: 3401 | 19 hehe, so this is what you are trying to get at?
do you know what regression is? Do you know what a confounder is?
if you have a good explanation on why the divorce rate is higher in
Christian population, then you convince people. So what do you think the
confounder is in this case? |
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R*o
发帖数: 3781 | 20 Calvinists emphasize that their theology rests upon solid biblical exegesis,
being "firmly based ... upon the Word of God." Some have gone so far as to
assert that "this teaching was held to be the truth by the apostles," 2 and
even that "Christ taught the doctrines which have come to be known as the fi
ve points of Calvinism." 3 According to the Bible itself, however, no one sh
ould accept such claims without verifying them from Scripture.
Any doctrine claiming to be based upon the Bible must b... 阅读全帖 |
|
q********g
发帖数: 10694 | 21 刚贴给你的哥林多前书你还是没认真看。认真看看再说这些没根的话。
在贴一遍英文给你。
KJV：
1:18 For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness; but
unto us which are saved it is the power of God.
1:19 For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will
bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent.
1:20 Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of this
world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?
1:21 For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not Go... 阅读全帖 |
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B*M
发帖数: 1418 | 22 希望年轻的PI们都能以此为榜样~~
http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=
-------------------------------------
Twelve Tips for Reviewers
An occasional column by Henry L. Roediger, III
Many critical skills needed for becoming a successful academic are typically
not taught in graduate school, at least not in any formal way. One of these
is how to review journal articles. Few students coming out of graduate
school have much experience reviewing papers, and yet, at least for those
students ... 阅读全帖 |
|
y*****w
发帖数: 1350 | 23 Do you understand what a clinical trial is? SELECT was a randomized, placebo
-controlled, double-blinded, prospective, 2x2 factorial trial, such that
potential confounding factors were well controlled for.
Remember, the trial was designed to compare the effect of Vitamin E on
prostate cancer with that of placebo. In both groups, 癌细胞 could 生长,
but as long as the confounders were congrolled for, you get what you get and
you have to accept the result that the cancer rate in the Vitamin E group
is ... 阅读全帖 |
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r******s
发帖数: 2155 | 24 【 以下文字转载自 Business 讨论区,原文如下 】
发信人: pringle (softbutcrisp), 信区: Business
标 题: A statistic question?
发信站: Unknown Space - 未名空间 (Wed Apr 27 18:59:39 2005) WWW-POST
If simple correlation shows that two variables are not significantly
correlated, could the two variables still be statistically associated?
Especially, could the nonsignificant simple correlation be caused by other
confounding factors?
Is it possible that by controlling for the other potential confounding
factors, we could still find th |
|
a***r
发帖数: 420 | 25 做助教，本来只是想做个教学demo，show一下confounding 和 partial correlation的
概念，结果纠结了。。。
我simulate了三个variable: outcome, var1, var2。其中outcome是binary; var1 有
三个category 1/2/3; var2 continuous。三者之间都有correlation，我的目的是show
var2对var1和outcome之间association的confounding
R code如下：
> table(outcome)
outcome
0 1
52 48
> table(var1)
var1
0 1 2
19 44 37
> summary(var2)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
0.002583 0.053960 0.105000 0.122800 0.184200 0.392700
> cor(outcome,var1)
[1] 0.2854862
> cor(outcome,var... 阅读全帖 |
|
b*****o
发帖数: 715 | 26 开眼界了，marketing领域原来是这么做A/B test的。
你这个情况其实是完全没有control。设计control的目的是可能的减少confounder
factor。而正如你自己描述的，你现在的设定可以说充满着confounder。 |
|
w**m
发帖数: 4061 | 27 From Preface of Jane Eyre
前几天吆喝着要看英文书，拿来简爱，一直忙，只翻了作者简介和前言。结果就
Charlotte Bronte小震了一下。在前言里
读了下面一段话，感觉很棒，就象吃着什么好吃的似的。
Conventionality is not morality. Self-righteousness is not religion. To
attack the first is not to assail the
last. To pluck the mask from the face of the Pharisee, is not to lift an
impious hand to the Crown of
Thorns.These things and deeds are diametrically opposed: they are as
distinct as is vice from virtue. Men too
often confound them: they should not be confounded: appearance |
|
p**********d
发帖数: 7918 | 28 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/03/world/asia/03chinglish.html?hpw=&pagewanted=all
May 2, 2010
Shanghai Is Trying to Untangle the Mangled English of Chinglish
By ANDREW JACOBS
SHANGHAI — For English speakers with subpar Chinese skills, daily life in
China offers a confounding array of choices. At banks, there are machines
for “cash withdrawing” and “cash recycling.” The menus of local
restaurants might present such delectables as “fried enema,” “monolithic
tree mushroom stem squid” and a mysterio |
|
k*****t
发帖数: 375 | 29 你又逃到这里啊？我继续指正你的sample有confounding，恩 |
|
d******r
发帖数: 4 | 30 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: docluver (docluver), 信区: Military
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Jan 5 11:02:40 2011, 美东)
发信人: docluver (docluver), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Jan 5 11:02:10 2011, 美东)
UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
中国的兴与衰
（这是网上找到的最全的集合，欲下从速，删除后不再重新上传）
更多纪录片、教学视频请访问：http://www.docwiki.org
Course No. 8370 (48 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture)
Taught by Richard Baum
University of California, L... 阅读全帖 |
|
w******3
发帖数: 3 | 31 【 以下文字转载自 WaterWorld 讨论区 】
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:38:40 2011, 美东)
UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
中国的兴与衰
（这是网上找到的最全的集合，欲下从速，删除后不再重新上传）
更多纪录片、教学视频请访问：http://www.docwiki.org
Course No. 8370 (48 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture)
Taught by Richard Baum
University of California, Los Angeles
Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
下载链接：
http://www.fileserve.com/file/yYZSm8c/01- The Splendor That Was China... 阅读全帖 |
|
I********l
发帖数: 8702 | 32 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: Irrational (Herzog), 信区: Military
标 题: 讨论一下实验设计，及其在人体科学研究的应用
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Aug 1 00:07:49 2013, 美东)
这里把气功，特异功能，都笼统称为人体科学的研究范畴。经历了八九十年代的气功热
之后，90年代之后严打邪教，所以气功（以及特异功能）基本被打入冷宫，虽然至今卫
生部依然承认“医疗气功”，但是总体而言，主流看法是，气功（特异功能）属于伪科
学。
比如说，包括方舟子等id就指出，气功现象缺乏符合科学标准的实验结果，如双盲实验
。我没有研究过80年代气功热时国内到底做没做双盲试验，本帖只是换一个思路，从实
验设计的原理，来提出一个假说：那就是，双盲试验也好，或者现有的其他实验方法，
有可能无法测量到引起气功的隐含变量，这也导致了目前气功研究一直在误区里徘徊。
下面就简单说说我这么讲的道理。
从实验设计的原理来说，就是要测量自变量和因变量的关联，也就是说，自变量的单位
变化，引起因变量相应的单位变化，而且二者之间的关联存在统... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
w******3
发帖数: 3 | 34 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: Military
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China (转载)
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:41:36 2011, 美东)
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: ChinaNews
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:40:11 2011, 美东)
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:38:40 2011, 美东)
UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
中国的兴与衰
（这是网上找到的最全的集合，欲下从速，删除后不再重新上传）
更... 阅读全帖 |
|
e****i
发帖数: 2152 | 35 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: erkuai (三天不上bbs,赶得上刘少奇), 信区: Military
标 题: On the Jews and Their Lies, 1543
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Jan 12 23:21:23 2011, 美东)
by Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Translated by Martin H. Bertram
copyright © 1971 Fortress Press & Augsburg Fortress - On the Jews and
Their Lies is from Luther’s Works Volume 47. Augsburg Fortress is the
publishing ministry of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
Funded through sales revenue, Augsburg Fortress is called to provide
produ... 阅读全帖 |
|
H****g
发帖数: 14447 | 36 也就是跟做实验没有什么差别。
区别就是，实验是相对可以控制各项参数，消除那些confounding variables的干扰。
历史不一样，是社会产物，是人。人会说谎，人有虚荣心，人有各种动机来篡改信息，
所以科学的方法论在研究历史问题上就显得尤其重要。
比如说，一个被当前舆论机器所大为传播的历史究竟是不是真的发生，就需要我们去首
先判断，当前的制度力量，和历史那个时代有没有利益冲突。
其次，我们就需要提出一个可以证伪的假说，可以用数据（包括定性定量）加以验证的
假说。
这里说的假说，就是一个科学的态度。那就是，我们必须假定自己是不知道，而不是知
道。
这里说的数据，必须是经过检验的数据，数据本身必须具有可靠性和可重复性。
也就是说，在历史问题上，不能先自己设定一个结论，然后去选择性接受符合自己先入
之见的数据，甚至是不加选择的将任何似乎支持自己定论的都视为可靠数据。
换而言之，任何历史研究，都可以视为开放式的过程，可以经受得起源源不断的各种数
据的冲击，而不是一个静态的结果，只能存活于自己想象中的世界。 |
|
d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 37 这种研究在美国和中国大概都批不了
他们研究了欧洲常见的Y-chromosome halogroups与智商的统计关系
然后得出A组（包含R，N，I等）比B组（J,E,T,L）智商高
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/haprinderm.pdf
5. Discussion
Based on our model, it appears that national cognitive
ability is confounded with the general development of
society. This is shown by the high correlations with HDI and
the observation that in three analyses HDI accounted for the
largest mean share of the variance in national cognitive
ability. The mean across two regres... 阅读全帖 |
|
v*****s
发帖数: 20290 | 38 【 以下文字转载自 WebRadio 讨论区 】
发信人: windking (熊起端楞起睡), 信区: WebRadio
标 题: Science新发文章：你的祖先播下的种子塑造了你
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri May 9 09:28:59 2014, 美东)
弗吉尼亚大学联合北京师范大学在一项评估小麦相对于稻米种植的研究显示，你的祖先
在田地里种植的农作物会影响你的个人主义倾向及分析能力的多寡。相关文章发表于
2014年5月9日的《science》杂志上。
Science:中美合作表明你的祖先播下的种子塑造了你
在近几十年中，心理学家对东西方文化的差异进行了归类;即，他们说，西方文化更具
个人主义及分析性思维，而东方文化则较为相互依赖及具有整体意识。造成这些差异的
原因仍不清楚，尽管研究人员提出了有关的理论--其中包括现代化理论，该理论提出，
社会会在其获得更多的财富及教育时而变得更具个人主义色彩;而病原体流行理论则提
出，在某些国家(如中国)的传染病的高发生率使得应对陌生人变得较为危险，从而让这
些文化更加封闭且具有集体主义色彩。
T. Talhelm及其同事对第... 阅读全帖 |
|
d******r
发帖数: 4 | 39 【 以下文字转载自 WaterWorld 讨论区 】
发信人: docluver (docluver), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Jan 5 11:02:10 2011, 美东)
UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
中国的兴与衰
（这是网上找到的最全的集合，欲下从速，删除后不再重新上传）
更多纪录片、教学视频请访问：http://www.docwiki.org
Course No. 8370 (48 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture)
Taught by Richard Baum
University of California, Los Angeles
Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
下载链接：
http://www.fileserve.com/file/yYZSm8c/01- The Splendor That Was China... 阅读全帖 |
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w******3
发帖数: 3 | 40 【 以下文字转载自 ChinaNews 讨论区 】
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: ChinaNews
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:40:11 2011, 美东)
发信人: wmz55123 (wmz55123), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jan 7 08:38:40 2011, 美东)
UCLA开放课程：中国的兴与衰 Fall and Rise of China
中国的兴与衰
（这是网上找到的最全的集合，欲下从速，删除后不再重新上传）
更多纪录片、教学视频请访问：http://www.docwiki.org
Course No. 8370 (48 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture)
Taught by Richard Baum
University of California,... 阅读全帖 |
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e****i
发帖数: 2152 | 41 by Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Translated by Martin H. Bertram
copyright © 1971 Fortress Press & Augsburg Fortress - On the Jews and
Their Lies is from Luther’s Works Volume 47. Augsburg Fortress is the
publishing ministry of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
Funded through sales revenue, Augsburg Fortress is called to provide
products and services that communicate the Gospel, enhance faith, and
enrich the life of the Christian community from a Lutheran perspective.
Part I
I had mad... 阅读全帖 |
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u***r
发帖数: 4825 | 42 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870340730457615419
Groupon Gears Up to Expand Into China
By LORETTA CHAO
BEIJING—Deals website Groupon Inc. appears to be making preparations to
start operations in China, a move that could shake up the market for group
buying, even though challenges lie ahead for the young U.S. company.
[CGROUPON] Top: Loretta Chao for The Wall Street Journal. Bottom: Getty
Images
Groupon may face a crowded race for Web group discounts. Groupon's Beijing
office, top,... 阅读全帖 |
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a********6
发帖数: 14468 | 43 哪个第一不好说，同样的经济水平，百姓愿意选择什么样的制度，这样才能比较。
你们不断掺合经济这个confounding factor, 目的就是混淆概念，使本来一目了然的比
较变得更难吧。 |
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H****g
发帖数: 14447 | 44 你可以先google一下什么是confounding variable，因为和我接下来谈的有点关系。
你的结论是，大多数人感觉生活比30年前好了。我们首先需要定义什么是生活。
如果是指物质生活，比如说可以看上大彩电这样的，那么的确是比30年前好了。吃肉也
的确是比以前吃多了，像某id自述的那样，也不用一家10口人分一听可乐了。。
但是请问，这个生活改善，到底有多少成分是由于邓改革制度带来的？有多少成分是科
技进步带来的呢？要回答这个问题，就要做横向比较，比如说，同期世界上可比国家是
不是也从看黑白电视变成看彩电？这样的可比国家有巴西印度墨西哥。如果这些国家都
经历了类似的变化，那显然你就不能将生活改善的功劳归功于邓改，而是世界大气候使
然。
那么，再来进一步谈物质生活改善的具体细节。比如说喝可乐，这种改善真的有益身心
？喝可乐一定比30年前喝大碗茶喝小香槟汽水好很多？这个是可以讨论的。吃肉是吃多
了，结果出来那么多毒食品，以至于王岐山这样的高官买食品都不放心，这个算是生活
改善还是不算呢？
另外生活既包括物质层面，还包括其他非物质层面。比如说心情，比如说精神生活，安
全感。那么，如今大... 阅读全帖 |
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g*********n
发帖数: 808 | 45 本·拉登一生回顾
小编摘要：2011年国际劳动节最大的劳模当属美国军队，他们终于击毙了梦魇般的本·
拉登。看看本·拉登的生平大事，感受一世枭雄的精彩与无奈。
拉登
1957 (exact date never confirmed) Born Osama bin Mohammad bin Awad bin Laden
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the seventh son among dozens of children of a
wealthy businessman.
1957年（具体日期不详）生于沙特阿拉伯，全名奥萨玛·本·穆罕默德·本·阿瓦德·
本·拉登，在富商父亲众多孩子中排行第七。
1970 Father dies.
1970年，丧父。
1974 Marries distant relative.
1974年，与一位远房亲戚成婚
1976 Studies economics and man。agement at King Abdul-Aziz University in
Jeddah.
1976年，就读于吉达阿布都尔阿济兹国王大学，学习经济学和管理学... 阅读全帖 |
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O*******d
发帖数: 20343 | 46 THE GALAXY, December 1870
MEMORANDA.
BY MARK TWAIN.
RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR.
A few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great State of New York
, to run against Stewart L. Woodford and John T. Hoffman, on an independent
ticket. I somehow felt that I had one prominent advantage over these
gentlemen, and that was, good character. It was easy to see by the
newspapers, that if ever they had known what it was to bear a good name,
that time had gone by. It was plain that in these latter years t... 阅读全帖 |
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C****g
发帖数: 2220 | 47 从流体力学来说
并不是体能越大，游得越快
因为体能大，体型也大，阻力也大
——阻力和面积的平方成正比——
所以不一定最有利速度
而且女人的身体滑、圆
男人的身体凹凸很多
这些都是不定的confounding因素 |
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S*********y
发帖数: 481 | 48 Will the US Really Experience a Violent Upheaval in 2020?
By Natalie Wolchover | LiveScience.com
Circa 1870, the North fought the South in the Civil War. Half a century
later, around 1920, worker unrest, racial tensions and anti-Communist
sentiment caused another nationwide upsurge of violence. Then, 50 years
later, the Vietnam War and Civil Rights Movement triggered a third peak in
violent political, social and racial conflict. Fifty years after that will
be 2020. If history continues to repeat... 阅读全帖 |
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d*******i
发帖数: 472 | 49 "All over the world, every day, America’s diplomats and development experts
risk their lives in the service of our country and our values, because they
believe that the United States must be a force for peace and progress in
the world（真够不要脸的，在伊拉克阿富汗杀的人超过三百万，三个奥斯维辛，还他
妈的peace，progress）, that these aspirations are worth striving and
sacrificing for. Alongside our men and women in uniform, they represent the
best traditions of a bold and generous nation（果然是有传统）.
"The mission that drew Chris and Se... 阅读全帖 |
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a**********2
发帖数: 3726 | 50 if your only aim is to blame doctors, you can always make associations. it
is not doctors' fault that the lifespan of american people is shorter than
that of french people on average. As a doctor, they treat diseases and
advocate healthy lifestyles, but ultimately it's the people who choose
whether they want to live a healthy lifestyle. However, if you talk with
healthy professionals, you will know many patients will continue their
lifestyle, smoking, drinking, using drugs, regardless of how the... 阅读全帖 |
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