w******g
发帖数: 2047 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: kayaker (霜晨の月), 信区: Military
标 题: 黑人学校和黑人世界的真相 - Chris Jackson
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Dec 21 22:28:09 2015, 美东)
What is it Like to Teach Black Students?
by Christopher Jackson
Until recently I taught at a predominantly black high school in a
southeastern state. The mainstream press gives a hint of what conditions are
like in black schools, but only a hint. Expressions journalists use like “
chaotic” or “poor learning environment” or “lack of discipline” do... 阅读全帖 |
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x******t
发帖数: 3911 | 2 It seems like it is not about the language your in-laws speak to your baby.
You don't feel like part of the family when they speak their local dialect.
Ask your husband to speak Putonghua when you're around. If he has to
speak the dialect, then he needs to your translator to include you in the
conversation.
要讲普通话，不想娃学他们那边的土话（和普通话完全不一样，巨土！）而且他们那边
的人n和L，zh和ch的音根本分不清楚。我老公就很多字吐音不清楚，我绝不想娃也这样
。可是他们讲土话讲习惯了，就是改不了。我在的时候还好点，我不在的时候就说土话
，说了很多次也没用！怎么办啊？急死啦。
懂，也融不进去。 搞得我觉得他们和宝宝才是一家，我就是他们家带娃的小保姆！很
郁闷的啊。难道没... 阅读全帖 |
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s*****g
发帖数: 2140 | 3 my dialect and only my dialect only. |
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n***p
发帖数: 7668 | 4 我被唬得一楞一楞的，不得不祭起Google和 wikipedia的神器。根据Wikipedia，
Mandarin跟满洲是一点关系也没有。
The English word "mandarin" (from Portuguese mandarim, from Malay [ˈm&#
601;ntəri] menteri, from Hindi mantri, from Sanskrit mantrin, meaning "
minister or counsellor"), originally meant an official of the Chinese empire
.[2][3] As their home dialects were varied and often mutually unintelligible
, these officials communicated using a koiné based on various northern
dialects. When Jesuit missionaries learned this sta... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******g
发帖数: 9932 | 5 When you start to learn a programming language, you want to start from a
pure language.
Before you read my incomprehensible post, you can think of Ruby as a piano
that is suitable for beginners since it got the purest sound. JavaScript is
more like an electric keyboard or guitar. Funky but hard to get the right
tune. Expert players can play fantastically but beginners will only produce
noise.
=========
Programming languages have many categories and the division is not always
clear.
However, you... 阅读全帖 |
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t***h
发帖数: 2924 | 6 【 以下文字转载自 USANews 讨论区 】
发信人: willhung (黄威廉), 信区: USANews
标 题: 黑人学校和黑人世界的真相 - Chris Jackson (转载)
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Dec 22 04:08:43 2015, 美东)
发信人: kayaker (霜晨の月), 信区: Military
标 题: 黑人学校和黑人世界的真相 - Chris Jackson
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Dec 21 22:28:09 2015, 美东)
What is it Like to Teach Black Students?
by Christopher Jackson
Until recently I taught at a predominantly black high school in a
southeastern state. The mainstream press gives a hint of what conditions are
like in black schools, ... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
G********7
发帖数: 256 | 8
appropriate.
the
I guess the only western language you know is English.
force
Who forced you to abandon traditional Chinese? forced you by what?
Hongkong is still using traditional Chinese after 1997.
few
will
.
party
I speak my dialect at my home town, and everybody does so, and no one
ever forces us to eliminate it. In a typical Chinese university, people
from the same city always use their dialects in conversation.
It is YOU who are blatantly labeling people here. Mainlanders b |
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w**********o
发帖数: 2099 | 9 a part of it is Tianjin dialect, a part of it seems to be Tangshan dialect,
and a part cannot be distinguished.
it is not funny at all |
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P******e
发帖数: 2223 | 10 its a good thing.
my parents and I kept on speaking Shanghai dialect at home.
to my family, Shanghai dialect is mother tongue, cantonese and English maybe
after. Mandarin Chinese comes last and least spoken. That's northerner
language, not the mother tongue of Shanghainese. |
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s******d
发帖数: 9806 | 11 Most of people out of shandong cannot differentiate between qingdao dialect
and yantai dialect.
I'm from Penglai, Yantai. |
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r*******y
发帖数: 7108 | 12 Does Siri work out of the box, or do I have to teach it?
Siri works right out of the box, without any work on your part. And the more
you use Siri, the better it will understand you. It does this by learning
about your accent and other characteristics of your voice. Siri uses voice
recognition algorithms to categorize your voice into one of the dialects or
accents it understands. As more people use Siri and it’s exposed to more
variations of a language, its overall recognition of dialects and ac... 阅读全帖 |
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Y******m
发帖数: 1422 | 13 Friday, 12/3 – Sunday, 12/5
China Underground
VIZ Cinema proudly presents “China Underground” showcasing acclaimed
documentary films directly from China, which were made outside the system.
Unauthorized, uncensored, underground, totally independent, and from a new
generation of filmmakers in China!
Queer China, “Comrade” China
(Directed by Cui Zi’en. China, 2008. Documentary, 60 minutes, Mandarin w/
English subtitles)
12/3 (Fri) @ 7:00pm
$15
Super, Girls!
(Directed by JIAN Yi. China, 2007. Docum... 阅读全帖 |
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f*****8
发帖数: 7581 | 14 sounds strange, but it really happens, I left my hometown when I was 17, and
afterwards speak mandarin all the time, too lazy to change back and forth
from dialect to mandarin. I am from North of China, the dialects and
mandarin are pretty close. |
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a*******r
发帖数: 67 | 15 第一句话“爱德华伯恩斯坦先生把恩格斯的一部关于自然科学内容的手稿交给我。。。”
译者注最后也说的是对自然科学发展的指导意义
我是想说《自然辩证法》里面讨论自然科学的内容占很大部分，恩格斯的辩证唯物主义
思想是通过对自然科学的讨论而展开的，并不是你想象中的纯哲学思辨书籍。
自然辩证法目录
Table of Contents
1. Preface, by J. B. S. Haldane
1. Introduction
2. Dialectics
3. Basic Form of Motion
4. The Measure of Motion - Work
5. Heat
6. Electricity
7. Dialectics of Nature - Notes
8. Tidal Friction, Kant and Thomson-Tait on the Rotation of the Earth and
Lunar Attraction
9. The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man
10. Natural |
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h*****w
发帖数: 244 | 16 to be specific about the Chinese language -- what people
usually refer to as "the Chinese language" is "Han4 Yu3".
"Han4 Yu3" has a lot of different variantions (i.e., called
dialects) especially in terms of accents. in a much lesser
degree are vocabulary and grammar. big accent variantions in
different dialects usually causes total obstruction of
understanding. but vocabuloury and grammar differences are
not as obvious -- there are some variantions, but in the
written form it will not pose as a |
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J*******g
发帖数: 8775 | 17 你说的是这个么？
没必要评论，让大家看好了。
马礼逊
编辑
马礼逊是西方派到中国大陆的第一位基督新教传教士，他在华25年，在许多方面都有首
创之功。他在中国境内首次把《圣经》全译为中文并予以出版，使基督教经典得以完整
地介绍到中国；编纂第一部《华英字典》，成为以后汉英字典编撰之圭臬；他创办《察
世俗每月统纪传》，为第一份中文月刊，在中国报刊发展史上位居首尊；他开办“英华
书院”，开传教士创办教会学校之先河；他又和东印度公司医生在澳门开设眼科医馆，
首创医药传教的方式。他所开创的译经、编字典、办刊物、设学校、开医馆、印刷出版
等事业，使其成为开创近代中西文化交流的先驱。
目录
1生平简历
2出版
3汉学研究
《圣经》中文全译本
辞书编纂及汉语研究
与马礼逊有关的报刊
4学术评价
5大事年表
1生平简历
1782年1月5日，马礼逊（Robert Morrison）出生于大不列颠岛北部的
马礼逊
马礼逊
小镇莫佩思的一个贫雇农家里，在他之前已有七个兄姐，他排行最小，家境极为贫困。
后来，他父亲把全家搬到纽开斯尔谋生，专以制鞋坯为... 阅读全帖 |
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j*******7
发帖数: 6300 | 18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism
Philosophical influences
The close association between Greeks and Buddhism probably led to exchanges
on the philosophical plane as well. Many of the early Mahayana theories of
reality and knowledge can be related to Greek philosophical schools of
thought. Mahayana Buddhism has been described as the "form of Buddhism which
(regardless of how Hinduized its later forms became) seems to have
originated in the Greco-Buddhist communities of India, through a ... 阅读全帖 |
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A*********u
发帖数: 8976 | 19 from wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing
Peking is the name of the city according to Chinese Postal Map Romanization,
and the traditional customary name for Beijing in English. The term Peking
originated with French missionaries four hundred years ago and corresponds
to an older pronunciation predating a subsequent sound change in Mandarin
from [k?] to [t?][13] ([t?] is represented in pinyin as j, as in Beijing).
It is still used in many languages.
The pronunciation "Peking" is also closer... 阅读全帖 |
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A*********u
发帖数: 8976 | 20 Twice in the city's history, the name of the city was changed
from Beijing (Peking) to Beiping (Peiping) (北平; Pinyin:
Běipíng; Wade-Giles: Pei-p'ing), literally "Northern Peace".
This occurred first under the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty,
and again in 1928 with the Kuomintang (KMT) government of the
Republic of China.[6] On each occasion, the name change removed
the element meaning "capital" (京) to reflect the fact the national
capital had changed to Nanjing, in Jiangsu Province. Such rena... 阅读全帖 |
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a*****c
发帖数: 3525 | 21 从这个词(Hokkien dialect)才知道这个牛妈妈是福建人。
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870411150457605971
* The Wall Street Journal
* THE SATURDAY ESSAY
* JANUARY 8, 2011
Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
Can a regimen of no playdates, no TV, no computer games and hours of music
practice create happy kids? And what happens when they fight back?
By AMY CHUA
A lot of people wonder how Chinese parents raise such stereotypically
successful kids. They wonder what these parents do to produce so ma... 阅读全帖 |
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a****1
发帖数: 15 | 22 Actually Amy Chua is a Singaporean, speaking MingNan dialect(hokkien
dialect). You can tell from her name and her looking. |
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c******e
发帖数: 315 | 23 I known how to speak two dialects in Jiangxi and can understand three of
others.
I feel 南昌话和景德镇话 are closer to mandarins by comparison among those I
know.
There could be some dialect even closer among those I don't know. But I
really doubt it. |
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j**m
发帖数: 116 | 24 上海话剑桥第一证书(The Cambridge First Certificate of
Shanghai Dialect)。该证书是对应试者上海话能力的权威认证，证
书持有人可在上海独立生活而不致被“斩冲头”,其语言能力约相当
于TSE 650+。
上海话剑桥熟练证书(The Cambridge Proficiency Certificate of
Shanghai Dialect)。该证书在剑桥第一证书的基础上，对应试者的
上海话能力作进一步权威的认证，证书持有人可用熟练的上海话轧三
胡、吵相骂、搓女人及进行上海话的书面沟通，其语言能力约相当于
GRE Verbal 750+ plus TOEFL 660+ plus IELTS 6.5+。
现考试报名工作已开始，有意者请到上海俱乐部报名，报名费JYZ
1000。
注：上海话剑桥第一证书所要求的上海话水平显著高于剑桥商务沪语
III级证书。 |
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j**m
发帖数: 116 | 25 为配合上海话剑桥第一证书及上海话剑桥熟练证考试工作的开展，现
上海俱乐部出版社隆重推出配套教材：
新概念上海话 (New Concept Shanghai Dialect)1-4册。
本教材循序渐进的系统讲授上海话，是两证书应试者必备教材。教材
共分四册：
1. 入门必读 (First Things First);
2. 实践与提高 (Practice and Progress);
3. 技巧发展 (Skill Development);
4. 流利沪语 (Fluency in Shanghai Dialect).
另配有词汇手册，教师用书等辅导材料。
本教材由上海俱乐部BM/BF bmouse tasita任主编，组织上海俱乐部
著名水虫jjmm、Protein、nightsh执笔编写，文笔轻松幽默，语言纯
正地道，权威性不容置疑。现各新华书店已有发售，欲购从速。 |
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j****w
发帖数: 104 | 26 partially.
苏州话 an extreme --软
宁波话 another extreme-- 硬
本地话 - in between carying some muddy unclear noice - not suitable for
business talk
宁波上海话 is local dialect, but 硬 enough to be trust-worth business
language.
in old shanghai, if your shanghai dialect is not 硬, they could tell and
they may not to do business with you, according to an old account. |
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q*********u
发帖数: 280 | 27 还是google管用，
4
package gocom.identifier;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;
import net.sf.hibernate.MappingException;
import net.sf.hibernate.dialect.Dialect;
import net.sf.hibernate.engine.SessionImplementor;
import net.sf.hibernate.id.Configurable; |
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d******y
发帖数: 244 | 28 I learn from a tutorial. I try run the example. errors happen.
something about session and hibernate.cfg.xml.
Here are files.
package roseindia.tutorial.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* @author Deepak Kumar
*
* http://www.roseindia.net
* Hibernate example to inset data into Contact table
*/
public class FirstExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = null;
try{
// This ste... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******g
发帖数: 9932 | 29 What is the point of arguing one language is superior than others?
I really hate this kind of discussion.
Each language has its own advantage and none is the best for all situations,
nor is it fair to say users of certain language are more elegant.
Lisp is a dynamically typed functional language.
To use Lips, you have to be comfortable with functional programming style
and be prepared to be surprised by errors that you cannot easily find.
Functional languages are clean and elegant in some ways b... 阅读全帖 |
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d*****u
发帖数: 17243 | 30 That's a rumor some northerner-haters keep spreading.
R-coloring is widely distributed from Harbin to Kunming, from Lanzhou to
Nanjing. It is also observed in Jin family (Shanxi, north Shaanxi, and part of
Inner Mongolia) It is impossible that this process started in Qing. (Some
documents track it back to Song)
Additionally, I don't think Manchus influenced Northern Chinese much. Beijing
dialect is so much similar to Zhongyuan dialect except for surface feature of
tones.
分了
成同
他声 |
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a*****e
发帖数: 1700 | 31 Here I make a claim again:
"All the greatest directors use dialects in their movies."
Ok, that is a bit exaggerating, so I make another claim:
"All the greatest Chinese directors use dialects in their movies!"
比如侯孝贤用台语，贾章柯用山西土话，王小帅用黄皮话加武汉话（扁担姑娘），
王超用河南话（安阳婴儿），朱文用秦皇岛话（海鲜），余力为用广东话（天上
人间），姜文用东北话（鬼子来了），张艺谋用那个什么方言（秋菊打官司，我
忘了是哪里了，是陕北吗？）... 等等等等，就差大连话的了，您得赶紧拍呀！ |
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t*a
发帖数: 117 | 32 I am actually Chao Zhou Ren by my father's side, but I've
never been to that area. I can speak Cantonese, and Hakka
dialect, but I don't understand a word in Chaozhou dialect,
except the word for tea. :-)
And yes, my nickname is my favorite tea. |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 33 Chinese tourists l A new Grand Tour; China’s tourists are carving out a
new European itinerary, with some unexpected stops. Economist, Dec 16, 2010.
http://www.economist.com/node/17722582?story_id=17722582
"Paris shops such as Louis Vuitton are essential stops: witness their
Mandarin-speaking staff.
"It is a standing joke among Chinese travellers that many products snapped
up abroad bear 'Made in China' labels. But there is some sense to this
seeming madness. Thanks to hefty taxes and customs ... 阅读全帖 |
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l******i
发帖数: 4666 | 34 http://dist08.casen.govoffice.com/
幫助制止林博仇恨
加州參議員余胤良等人呼籲林博為他在廣播節目中嘲笑華語和文化而道歉。
余胤良表示：
「今天，林博因為嘲笑華語和中華文化而達到了一個新的低級程度。他的無品的行為是
對三千多年文化歷史的侮辱，也是對數以百萬計在美國奮鬥的華人及佔世界四分之一的
人口賞了一記耳光。他的言論貶低華人社區的貢獻，可悲的偏執使他的評論和內涵受到
困擾。林博先生不得要領及醜惡的侵犯，欠華人社區一個道歉。」
如果您同意，請簽署請願書，譴責林博的言論，並呼籲他的贊助商撤回贊助他節目的廣
告：
告訴林博和他的贊助商停止偏執
請將您的姓名、居住城市、州名和電郵，寄給我的幕僚藍景嚴a********[email protected]
Here is the substance of what RL did:
“During a Jan. 19 radio program, Limbaugh said there was no translation of
the Chinese president's speech during a visit to ... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 35 Louise Lucas, A Market for Local Sourcing; For milk producers in China,
managing the supply chain can mean helping farmers do their job better--or
buying a farm.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/82631ce4
-6086-11e0-9fcb-00144feab49a.html
(1) Excerpt in the window of print: 'Whatever we reduce in input costs is
success for me because it takes pressure off the farmer and he grows faster'
(2) Quote:
"China presents particular logistical challenges. Scale is one: farms mostly
tend to be small, a legacy of ... 阅读全帖 |
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c*********s
发帖数: 85 | 36 If 北方语言 mostly means mandarin chinese, the no brainer explanation is
that it's the dialect of chinese that the Manchu spoke then forced upon the
territory under their control either directly or indirectly. The effect
would naturally radiate out from their power base as fewer Manchu officials
go that far out to maintain control on the territory.
Going farther back in time, the power base of the preceding dynasties has
centered on beijing for a LOT of years (even the center like 陕西 was pretty
"nor... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 37 (1)
(a) William Wan, China’s Anti-Smoking Activists Try a New Argument: That It
’s Bad for the Economy. Washington Post, June 26, 2011
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/chinas-anti-
smoking-activists-try-a-new-argument-that-its-bad-for-the-
economy/2011/06/22/AGR0UgmH_story.html?sub=AR
("A month later [after ban on public smoking], the ban has had little, if
any, effect. * * * The main reason so few take China’s campaign against
cigarettes seriously: The very government promising ... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 38 Andrew Higgins, China, Rich with Coal, Seeks More Next Door in Mongolia to
Meet its Energy Needs. Washington Post, July 17, 2011.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/china-rich-wit
coal-seeks-more-next-door-in-mongolia-to-meet-its-energy-needs/2011/07/01/
gIQADIncII_story.html
Quote:
"But there is a problem: The new track [from Tavan Tolgoi] will not go to
China. Instead, it will head hundreds of miles in the opposite direction
toward Russia — and carry a heavy freight of suspicion ... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 39 Jack Ewing and Judy Dempsey, Germany and Its Exporters Look East;
Opportunities beckon outside the Euro Zone. New York Times, July 19, 2011
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/19/business/global/Germany
-Europes-Powerhouse-Drifts-East.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Ewing
%20and%20Judy%20Dempsey,%20Germany%20and%20Its%20
Exporters%20Look%20East&st=cse
Excerpt in the window of print: Now less dependent on its neighbors, Germany
is less forgiving of some.
Quote:
"'Italy used to produce a lot of goods that would fee... 阅读全帖 |
|
c*c
发帖数: 2397 | 40 【 以下文字转载自 LeisureTime 讨论区 】
发信人: cxc (宁鸣而死不默而生), 信区: LeisureTime
标 题: 余英时：反智论与中国政治传统
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Aug 19 14:29:57 2011, 美东)
http://www.historykingdom.com/read-htm-tid-107849.html
反智论与中国政治传统
——论儒、道、法三家政治思想的分野与汇流
一 引 言
中国的政治传统中一向弥漫着一层反智的气氛；我们如果用“自古已然，于今为烈
”这句成语来形容它，真是再恰当不过了。但是首先我们要说明什么叫做“反智”。
“反智论”是译自英文的anti-intellectualism，也可以译做“反智识主义”。“
反智论”并非一种学说、一套理论，而是一种态度；这种态度在文化的各方面都有痕迹
可寻，并不限于政治的领域。中国虽然没有“反智论”这个名词，但“反智”的现象则
一直是存在的。因为这个现象可以说普遍地存在于一切文化之中，中国自然不是例外。
研究这一现象的学者都感到不易给“反智论”下一个清晰的定义... 阅读全帖 |
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a******m
发帖数: 29 | 41 Who cares? I care. I don't want people from other provinces to assume that
fucking Fuzhou (Hockchew) dialect to be 闽南语。
The difference of these two languages is as good as that for Vietnames and
Cantonese. |
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H****g
发帖数: 14447 | 42 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: Herzog (singularity), 信区: Military
标 题: Re: 说两句意识形态
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Nov 15 19:14:07 2012, 美东)
这个说起来也有点意思。正统马克思主义的确是强调经济决定论的，但是从四十年代起
，法兰克福学派就已经将文化研究融入了马克思主义，比如说阿多诺和霍本海默1944年
写的那本Dialectic of Enlightenment，就阐释了Culture Industry在操纵大众意识上
所起的作用。后结构主义理论家的很多著作，都是在揭露和批判资本主义的文化欺诈，
典型有Baudrillard在1981年出版的Simulacra and Simulation，符号和象征取代了现
实。电影《黑客帝国》所反映的也就是这种资本主义制度统治下的自由幻象，里面那位
反制度的革命战士Neo手里拿的就是这本书。
事实上，如今搞经济决定论的，反而不是马克思主义了，是新自由经济主义。比如说拿
了1995年诺贝尔奖的芝加哥大学经济学家R.E. Lucas, Jr... 阅读全帖 |
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g****t
发帖数: 31659 | 43 【 以下文字转载自 Complain 讨论区 】
发信人: hsh (三胡), 信区: Complain
标 题: [合集] 【bssd】我学的是60年代的乒乓球技术 (转载)
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Aug 29 22:24:43 2011, 美东)
发信人: Drake (六脉神剑), 信区: Pingpong
标 题: [合集] 【bssd】我学的是60年代的乒乓球技术
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Aug 28 23:43:53 2011, 美东)
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
caspiee (caspiee) 于 (Sun Aug 28 14:01:11 2011, 美东) 提到:
我只跟我爸爸一人学的乒乓球，跟我妈学的排球，跟我爸学的游泳，跟我哥学的羽毛球。
我爸是大学乒乓球校队队员，我没看过任何理论书，完全是照着他的指导进行每一步动
作。他是从手指握拍开始教起的，这就是为何前几天晚上提到了手指怎么握都是有说道
的，我技术分析过一些名ID的打法和姿势。总之，我现在说的每句话，都不是我... 阅读全帖 |
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j******w
发帖数: 4429 | 45 have not see a chinese can speak more than 2 dialects.
you may speak Shang hai language + Cantoon
some star in hong kong can , but just plus Shan dong or shaan xi,
then it is a problem...
or Min Nan + Cantoon, some Taiwanness can ,
but add another He bei ( such Tang shan...) he he..
game over...
denpolarbear 于 2010-04-19 01:49:21 的留言：
我的个人意见是，欧洲国家小，一天能转好几个国家了，他们的语言又是同一来源的。
基本上法文、意大利语和西班牙语的差别和中国各种方言的差别差不多。据说英语受法
语的影响也比较大。所以欧洲人会几国语言没什么了不起的。 一个中国人，如果会闽
南话，粤语，再来点东北话，河南话也和这水平差不多了吧。 |
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u***n
发帖数: 10554 | 46 i would like to hear this teen talk his story in Shanghai dialect. |
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N****y
发帖数: 45 | 47 不能这么比.汉藏语是和阿尔泰语对应的大语系.汉语族倒是可以
和突厥语族对应起来.其实如果不从语言上联系而只依照史书上的
记载,我们史书上说的突厥人跟现在的TURKS根本就是两个不对应的
概念,我们北魏隋唐史书上的突厥最初形成时,是个以阿史那氏为领导
(最狭义的突厥就是他们,但他们早就给灭了),以漠北丁零-铁勒为
主体的游牧民族群体,人种以蒙古种为主,语言文化也主要
是丁零-铁勒的语言文化(受些塞人的影响是可能的).而回纥则是铁
勒一支.回纥人风俗上也有搞狼崇拜,葬礼时以刀割面,"血泪俱下"什么的.
在后来的扩张及西迁的过程中又不断有其他游牧民族被突厥化.
后来出现在阿拉伯,波斯世界里的TURKS主要是大量的已被突厥
化的原塞人(这里广义指从中亚向西的草原上原各印欧语的游牧民族),
因此人种上以高加索人为主. 土耳其人也是属於后来被同化的TURKS
血统上他们多少杆子才打得着最初的突厥人谁也不知道.然而泛突的
基地在土耳其,所以他们的理论有一大部分都是要证明:突厥语和突厥文
化很早就在西方产生了,由游牧的吐火罗人(TURKIC)和塞卡人(TURKIC)带
到中亚,再向东带到蒙古草原的.至... 阅读全帖 |
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c******n
发帖数: 16403 | 48 【 以下文字转载自 SanDiego 讨论区 】
发信人: crazyman (嘉天之锡), 信区: SanDiego
标 题: 欧美犹太人常见姓氏
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Oct 1 20:21:10 2008), 转信
http://jeune.blogbus.com/logs/3574170.html
欧美犹太人常见姓氏
兔王 收集整理
在很多情况下，通过姓氏就可以判断一个人是不是犹太人。譬如Albert Einstein，一个
熟悉犹太人的人，即便不知道谁是爱因斯坦，也能第一眼就从姓氏判断出他是犹太人。
以下是我收集的常见欧洲犹太人使用的姓氏。这里所说的欧洲犹太人，其实是指阿诗肯
纳吉(Ashkenazi)犹太人：原指在欧洲、波兰、奥地利一带居住的犹太人。Ashkenazi，
是古希伯来语中“日耳曼”的意思。阿诗肯纳吉犹太人使用的语言主要是意第绪语(Yid
dish)。这种语言受日尔曼/德语影响极大，甚至被认为是一个日耳曼语分支，甚至是德
语方言(dialect)。实际上， 意第绪语是一个具有一定独立性的混杂语言，受德语影响
很大，但也受斯拉夫语、阿拉姆语和 |
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