p********t
发帖数: 3639 | 1 居然真有这个GENOTYPE的ASSAY，看看下周能不能去定一个，给自己测测，版上还有要
测的么~~~~~~~
66328095 |
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b***e
发帖数: 15201 | 2 【 以下文字转载自 WaterWorld 讨论区 】
发信人: Vorlon (伏龙), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: 中国人的一些生理特征
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Jul 21 21:37:50 2011, 美东)
1.干性耳垢。耳垢分干湿两种。干形为东亚人种以及印第安人独有，这也是东亚人发
明独特掏耳朵用小勺的原因。湿性的图见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earwax -
可见棉签比较好用。该变异大致出现于1-2万年前(印第安人的东亚祖先12000年前跨
越白令海峡)第16号染色体位置rs48258198(ABCC11基因)出现C到T的突变。
2.体味少，也是东亚人种特征。为汗腺不发达造成。目前研究认为该特征和1相关，
也就是说源于类似变异(东亚人群祖先长期居住于西伯利亚寒冷的帐篷里，估计重体
味的人生育的后代比较少，慢慢被选择掉了)。早先西方体香剂(deodorant)公司曾
经想打入东亚市场，以失败告终。少数中国人有较重的体味，可能跟后来(比如
五胡)混血有关?
具体见http://en.wikipedia.org/wik... 阅读全帖 |
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l******k
发帖数: 27533 | 3 感谢别人最好的方式就是帮助更多的人
没空写啥走出困境感激流涕的话了，要来就来点实在的！
欢迎版面或者私信咨询
名字叫sofosbuvir. 去年12月刚在美国上市，现今唯一能治愈丙肝的药，等了N年，终
于上市！上来吼一声！
提醒：人要不在美国就别问了，此药非常贵，每个月没保险要3万多美元，至少需要12
周疗程，如果是Hep C genotype 3, 得需要16周
就酱紫，WH要给我算活动呀，哈哈
★ 发自iPhone App: ChineseWeb 8.6 |
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f*****n
发帖数: 12752 | 4 拉马克理论认为“用进废退”，比如长颈鹿的脖子问题，斯氏认为，远古是短脖鹿，后
来在年成不好的时候树叶子比较少，低的叶子很快被吃完了，为了够到高处的叶子，短
脖鹿必须努力伸长脖子，所以其脖子越来越长。这和锻炼使肌肉变强的道理是一样的。
但其理论关键在于性状可遗传观点，即长脖子和强肌肉会遗传给下一代，代代积累，长
颈鹿就出现了。
达尔文进化论则是基因突变加自然被动选择的观点，认为远古短脖鹿会自然产生短脖鹿
和长脖鹿两种后代（或者各种中间状态），后来年景不好的时候短脖鹿和不够长的中脖
鹿都饿死了，只有长脖鹿存活下来，留给现代人一个疑惑。
当前主流观点认为：达尔文是正确的，拉马克是民科。我觉得两者并不完全矛盾，某些
性状应该可以传给下一代，如帅哥美女后代往往也好看，但这种性状是phenotype，由
于和genotype不是绝对映射关系，所以并不能完美遗传，而且一代代也会被逐渐稀释。
从个体看，是获得性遗传加上各种可能的突变，产生千变万化的后代；从自然外界看，
适者生存，只有优势突变或是无害突变才能生存。
觉得dawkins过于强调拉马克理论了 |
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c***x
发帖数: 1826 | 5
老实讲，在读到你的这个详细评论之前，我对《自私的基因》的理解，完全主观臆断在
“对达尔文生物进化论的基因层面的解释”，而且基于基因而非个体的进化论，可以解
释拥有相同基因的不同生物个体之间的利他主义行为，读完后才知道，这里面的机理要
复杂很多。
“基因genotype和性状phenotype的不同”，这个确实是只有专业才能有的洞见。“从
存活的例子里总结规律有以偏概全的嫌疑”，倒是做社会科学里也一直强调的
selection bias，在统计上纠正这个偏差是James Heckman获得诺奖的主要贡献。
有个性，有共性，是为趣味和共鸣。 |
|
|
V****n
发帖数: 651 | 7 1.干性耳垢。耳垢分干湿两种。干形为东亚人种以及印第安人独有，这也是东亚人发
明独特掏耳朵用小勺的原因。湿性的图见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earwax -
可见棉签比较好用。该变异大致出现于1-2万年前(印第安人的东亚祖先12000年前跨
越白令海峡)第16号染色体位置rs48258198(ABCC11基因)出现C到T的突变。
2.体味少，也是东亚人种特征。为汗腺不发达造成。目前研究认为该特征和1相关，
也就是说源于类似变异(东亚人群祖先长期居住于西伯利亚寒冷的帐篷里，估计重体
味的人生育的后代比较少，慢慢被选择掉了)。早先西方体香剂(deodorant)公司曾
经想打入东亚市场，以失败告终。少数中国人有较重的体味，可能跟后来(比如
五胡)混血有关?
具体见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_odor
3.铲形门齿，也是东亚人种特征(包括印第安人)。
4.蒙古斑，不过其实并不是蒙古人种特有，东非中亚有些人种也有。
5.瓣状甲(mongoloid cuticle)，也就是小脚趾头指甲分裂为一大片加一小片。瓣状
甲出现频率在... 阅读全帖 |
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V****n
发帖数: 651 | 8 喝酒脸红和肝癌的关系，希望有兴趣研究的朋友读一下润涛阎的万维博客文章：
为何在美国的中国人也容易得肝癌？
原文在本站也有：
http://www.mitbbs.com/pc/pccon_2289_108233.html
关于蒙古褶，的确是东亚人普遍具有的典型特征。既然提到脸部特征，丹凤眼应该
更据中国人特色。有人提到鼻子，实际上中国人里各种各样的鼻子都有，包括比较
少见的鹰钩鼻，这主要是民族融合的结果。另外一个例子是双眼皮，蒙古人种本身
出现双眼皮的比例很低，但是古代南方少数民族(百越)双眼皮比例则很高，所以一
般而言从北往南中国人双眼皮的比例会增加。古代中国人不认为双眼皮大眼睛好看
的可能性很大(从古代仕女图可知)，但是现代由于受西方审美观影响，长久选择的
结果很可能自然单眼皮的中国人会越来越少。中国人的眉骨成长过程中不象西方人
那样会逐渐突出，而是保留幼儿时期的特征，所以相对而言(有些)中国人容易给人
一种babyface的感觉。
关于不耐乳糖：更准确一点的说目前的统计数字表明95%-99%的中国人不耐乳糖，这
个数字不会因为将来中国人基因图谱的样本变得更大而有什么太大改变。不耐乳... 阅读全帖 |
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a****1
发帖数: 654 | 9 这个图 come from <>
Race Mean I.Q Mean brain size (cc)
East-Asians 105 1416
Europeans 100 1369
South-East Asians 90 1332
Pacific Islanders 85 1317
South Asians and North Africans 84 1293
Africans 67 1282
Indigenous Australians (aborigines) 62 1225
OverviewAs with Lynn's and Tatu Vanhanen's 2... 阅读全帖 |
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a****1
发帖数: 654 | 10 Race Mean I.Q Mean brain size (cc)
East-Asians 105 1416
Europeans 100 1369
South-East Asians 90 1332
Pacific Islanders 85 1317
South Asians and North Africans 84 1293
Africans 67 1282
Indigenous Australians (aborigines) 62 1225
As with Lynn's and Tatu Vanhanen's 2006 book IQ and Global Inequality, the
book was published b... 阅读全帖 |
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C**********r
发帖数: 8189 | 11
赞，貌似是phenotype和genotype的问题嘛。 |
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t******w
发帖数: 499 | 12 from wiki
ABO血型系统的遗传
一般來說ABO血型系统的遗传是单基因决定的。ABO基因位于9号染色体的长臂上（9q34
），有三个主要的等位基因IA（A）、IB（B）和i（O）。IA和IB的产物是具有活性的酶
（酵素），分别催化A抗原和B抗原的合成，而等位基因i 的产物不具有酶活性，无法催
化A、B抗原合成。由于人类染色体是双倍体，一个人通常只能拥有三个等位基因中的两
个，分别来自父母双方。这两个等位基因的类型，即血型的基因型（genotype），决定
了人类血型的表型（phenotype）。
IA和IB对i 均为显性，故而只有基因型是ii 的人才有O型血，基因型是IAIA或IAi 的人
是A血型，基因型是IBIB或IBi的人是B血型。而IA和IB是共显性，因此基因型是IAIB的
人具有A、B两种抗原，即AB血型。
在少數情況，IA基因有時會因上游基因的抑制而不表現，成為O型。
一般情况下，如果父母双方均为O型血，子女必然是O型；如果父母有一方是AB型血，子
女不可能是O型；A型和O型血的父母不可能生育B型或AB型血的子女，B型和O型血的父母
不可能生育A型或AB型血的子女。... 阅读全帖 |
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b*****a
发帖数: 14583 | 13 When used as a biological term, race should not be confused with
subspecies. All modern-day human races belong to the same subspecies of
Homo sapiens sapiens.[8]. Human races represent divergent populations that
can be marked by common phenotypic and genotypic traits
[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The notion of race is widely used by
forensic anthropologists, who analyse skeletal remains, and those involved
in biomedical research and race-based medicine.[17][18][19][20]. However,
the boundaries |
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A*********r
发帖数: 2301 | 14 【 以下文字转载自 Biology 讨论区 】
发信人: Viscount (分成两半的子爵), 信区: Biology
标 题: 生物实验室何时才能实现自动化？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Oct 11 07:03:05 2014, 美东)
如果一个实验室配齐下列仪器 就是天堂了
miniprep质粒 Qiagen的cube 能自动提质粒
western： 自动洗膜换液机
qPCR： 96孔板自动加样机
细胞计数：细胞自动计数仪
co－IP：自动加抗体洗beads仪
除了分细胞传代好像还不能自动化吧？
电动连续加样枪 电动排枪
然后所有sds gel都买预制的， 养细菌的agar plate、LB， 各种running buffer都有
技术员配好
老鼠genotyping有技术员做
各种buffer都买商用的
省下来的时间喝咖啡灌水逛街，当个千老也不是那么难过的事情了吧
各位说说，实验室还有哪些自动化仪器？ |
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d******g
发帖数: 5484 | 15 嗯～ lab的毛色基因也很有趣。说黄lab要是有红鼻子（猪肝色）很可能会生下咖啡宝宝。 A lab carries one of nine possible color genotypes.生下来的宝宝可能一窝有好多颜色。 |
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b******a
发帖数: 12216 | 16 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
dunhuang (Hello PawPaw) 于 (Thu Sep 24 16:20:16 2009, 美东) 提到:
昨天看一本关于狗狗的书，讲到金毛的时候说他们on average比别种的狗狗更多
possessive aggression over food and toys。
好像记得Afu咬你的裤腿，大概就是这个解释了。不过书上没说怎么Train.
☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
dunhuang (Hello PawPaw) 于 (Thu Sep 24 16:24:35 2009, 美东) 提到:
不知柴鱼在不～这条信息是给你的，就不另外开贴了。
Breeders report that while yellow lab is superbly easy to obedience train
and is reliable with strangers, they are not quite as tractable as t... 阅读全帖 |
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B********e
发帖数: 19317 | 17 http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_23
Development
Development is the process through which an embryo becomes an adult organism
and eventually dies. Through development, an organism's genotype is
expressed as a phenotype, exposing genes to the action of natural selection.
Studies of development are important to evolutionary biology for several
reasons:
Explaining major evolutionary change
Changes in the genes controlling development can have major effects on the
morphology |
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l**********t
发帖数: 5754 | 18 "In that respect, the past and continuing occurrence of evolution is a
scientific fact" --
the word "evolution" is overloaded in this statement.
the similarity /gradual change of genotype/phenotype among species is an
observable & testable scientific fact. These scientific facts are consistent
with either "evoluion theory" or creationism.
The cause of those changes (which evolution theory assumes spontaneousness)
is untestable, can not be proven, and can only be disproven. you have to
accept it ... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
发帖数: 1 | 20 ◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(newxys.com)(xys10.dxiong.com)◇◇
举报南京大学生命学院院长华子春学术不端
方先生您好！
我们反映南京大学生命学院院长、长江、杰青、 国家科技进步奖获得者、
国重主任华子春长期存在学术不端问题。 附件是我们发现的第一批四组共9篇文
章。
1. 2000-C和2000-E两篇文章皆为英文稿， 分布发表于南京大学学报和
Protein Expression and Purification。华教授是通讯作者。 南京大学学报的
内容系于后者的文字上做了删掉，无文字改写。 例如：
前者的第一、二段：
Human cardiac-specific homeobox protein (hCsx2 or Nkx2.5) encodes
a homeobox transcription factor of 323 amino acids containing six
cysteines and is composed of three domains: the TN-domain, the
homeobox- domain, and t... 阅读全帖 |
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d****n
发帖数: 2507 | 21 我认识的一个老师在招博士后，至少能工作两年，待遇还不错，希望是
生物方面的博士且有一定的编程经验。想要更多信息可以到下面网页跟
Dr. Grene 联系。
A postdoctoral fellow is sought (PDF) for the development of
visualization tools for the integration of data associated
with elucidating the relationship between plant genotypes and
the resultant phenotypes (G2P) in non-constant environments.
The position, which is part of a multi-team effort, is sponsored
by the iPlant Collaborative http://iplantcollaborative.org,
which implements cyberinfrastructure support for the |
|
N****g
发帖数: 5246 | 22 【 以下文字转载自 Fujian 讨论区 】
发信人: darwin (darwin), 信区: Fujian
标 题: 博士后位置 @ VT
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Sep 1 20:28:47 2009, 美东)
我认识的一个老师在招博士后，至少能工作两年，待遇还不错，希望是
生物方面的博士且有一定的编程经验。想要更多信息可以到下面网页跟
Dr. Grene 联系。
A postdoctoral fellow is sought (PDF) for the development of
visualization tools for the integration of data associated
with elucidating the relationship between plant genotypes and
the resultant phenotypes (G2P) in non-constant environments.
The position, which is part of a multi-team effort, is spons |
|
d****n
发帖数: 2507 | 23 我认识的一个老师在招博士后，至少能工作两年，待遇还不错，希望是
生物方面的博士且有一定的编程经验。想要更多信息可以到下面网页跟
Dr. Grene 联系。
A postdoctoral fellow is sought (PDF) for the development of
visualization tools for the integration of data associated
with elucidating the relationship between plant genotypes and
the resultant phenotypes (G2P) in non-constant environments.
The position, which is part of a multi-team effort, is sponsored
by the iPlant Collaborative http://iplantcollaborative.org,
which implements cyberinfrastructure support for the |
|
v*****0
发帖数: 1405 | 24 Correlation between genetic heritage and stomach cancer in upper midwest?...
hmmmm --- make sense...but would require a well-designed large-scale
genotype&phenotype study to confirm it ：-） |
|
i*e
发帖数: 859 | 25 来自主题: AnthroLing版 - 请专家赐教 it's both natural science and social science.
each branch emphasize its own point.
in terms of natural science, phenotype reflects genotype.
different races do have bigger differences than within
their own race if you look at the DNA polymorphysm. |
|
b*****y
发帖数: 163 | 26
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
What is the value of this subject? I know, from the biology point of view,
you could investigate the human physical evolution by studing the evolution
tree at molecular level, and you can study different phenotypes induced by
genotypes at macroscopic level under physiology. What is the particularity
of the anthropology perspective? (race comparison?) |
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M****e
发帖数: 70 | 27 refer to the URL and you may find it useful to your research,
particularly when you use PCR frequently for cloning, genotyping,
characterization, etc.
http://www.pcrlinks.com/index.html |
|
b*********t
发帖数: 877 | 28
depending on the sizes of the bands (usually two). if they are both big and
close in size, then you will have to run it really slow for a long time (i
have one 11kb/9kb southern that i run at 40V for 10 hrs!); otherwise, you
can run it much faster (70V, 3 hrs.)
this should have been determined BEFORE you make your transgenic mice.
you should be able to predict the sizes/conditions based on your original
constructs.
depending on your probe. usually two bands: one endogenous, one transgenic.
good |
|
M****e
发帖数: 70 | 29 refer to NAR 1991 19:42 P.W.Laird et al
i have tried to optimize the condition and it works pretty
well for me. basically, cut ~5mm tail when the mickeys are
about 14-d-old (do not forget ear tag), if you worry about
cross-contamination, clean scissors with 70% ethanol and
flame, otherwise, i typically clean it after collecting 5
samples. digest the tail in a tightly sealed epp. with 500ul
lysis buffer, 5ul proteinase K (10mg/ml). rotate O/N at 55C,
though 6hrs is pretty much sufficient. spin 10 |
|
H****N
发帖数: 997 | 30 It should work. Just be aware that you will have two possible recombination
events: in one event, the middle fragment is used and therefore you
insertion will not be introduced; in another, the fragment on the side is
used and you will have the desired allele with you insertion. You have
to have a genotyping strategy that can distinguish these two events. You may
also increase the length of the homologous fragment on the side to maximize
your chance of success. This is actually very similary to |
|
H****N
发帖数: 997 | 31 Sorry I did not see this earlier. You don't need a selection marker for the
insertion, but you need a genotyping strategy to distinguish the two HR
events. |
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s*****e
发帖数: 291 | 32 我有国内非生物专业的master学历，在一个干细胞实验室做了半年的培训和实习，具备
technician的基本技能。现在寻找technician的职位。
我的技能如下：
DNA and RNA extraction, PCR and RT-PCR, electrophoresis, cloning and plasmid
-prep;
Stem cell culture and differentiation, siRNA and plasmid transfection;
Chromatin-IP, western-blot, histology and immunostaining;
Mouse breeding, genotyping and animal experiments.
Other Skills:
Excellent English communication and writing skills;
Proficient with Word, Excel, PowerPoint and searching references and
protocols using |
|
f**********e
发帖数: 1994 | 33 因为 non-small cell 的大家还有一点辙，small cell 的极其恶性，
基本没辙。
Iressa 我老爸用过。如果 genotype 对的话，第一年你会以为那是
灵丹妙药 -- solid tumor 会缩小。但是副作用很严重，会全身起皮，
皮肤一下会完全坏掉。一年过后抗药性出现基本就是废物了，别期望它根
治。再者，这破药不可能是这么用的，一般是 chemo 反应不良才开的。
什么医生这是。 |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 34 谢谢上面各位的意见.
我要用beta-actin-Cre mice, 准备用female Cre mice (homo) 和 LoxP geen A (homo
)杂交, 生下来的小老鼠挑出完全应该是 Cre+/- A+/-, 然后兄弟姐妹交配, 看A-/-的
胚胎发育的情况. 已知A-/-胚胎致死.
现在的问题是, 在比较A-/- 和 A +/+ 胚胎的时候, 我能不能把不同的Cre genotype合
并比较?
谢谢. |
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a***e
发帖数: 1010 | 35 If knocking-out of gene A induces a LOF phenotype in a certain mouse
strain
and adding back A rescues that LOF phenotype, we argue that gene A is
involved in generating this phenotype.
However, if there are no LOF phenotype when gene A is similarly knocked
out
in other mice strains, it is very possible that there are additional
molecular events involved in this phenotype generation.
|
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c*t
发帖数: 1063 | 36 Thanks for the reply.
How to rescue the LOF phenotype in the knockout mice? |
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a***e
发帖数: 1010 | 37 you can create a transgene that overexpresses the gene A which you are
interested, integrate this transgene into your konck-out mice by
conventional techniques, and examine whether this transgene rescues the
LOF phenotype.
BTW, nearly all of the publications don't have this rescue assay, hinting rescue is an unnecessary experiment. |
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D*a
发帖数: 6830 | 38 貌似有不少的knockout mice 都有strain特异性的。。。
具体例子不知。。。
对了，好像agouti这个基因就跟obesity有点儿关系。。。 |
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l**********n
发帖数: 201 | 39 there are some literatures using the strategy you described to solidify the
claim of geno-pheno correlation. it's not so usual in mouse genetics field
simply because of technical challenging - you need years to generate a KO
line, and another year or so to generate transgene, another year to breed
mice ... so reviewers usually would not demand this kind of rescue exp.
rescue is an unnecessary experiment. |
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w*e
发帖数: 740 | 40 我们是至少同样GENOTYPING的老鼠，
重复1次不同的LITTERMATES，特别是老鼠是混合背景的时候，
这样不同的CAGE生出的小老鼠背景都不一样，即使基因型一样/
如果表型最后还是一样，就很放心了
should |
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c******d
发帖数: 306 | 41 one more question. Can the sequencing results be used for QTL mapping? we
could know the SNPs then the genotype of certain area of chromosome. it
could be used for mapping. the only issue should be all the snps come from
coding region. |
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T*G
发帖数: 600 | 42 HHMI lab at top biomedical school in bayarea, need to fill in a tech
position no later than the end of June. Boss
is super nice established field leader, academia member, typical work hour 9
-5. The candidate need to have
working experience on animal models, genotyping, help fellow and student to
set up breeding plans, collaborate with other's for their experimental plan.
If interested, send an internal mail for details. |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 43 比如有很多交配设置, 每只老鼠的genotype, 每只老鼠的实验,
各位用专门的软件吗? 还是用excel?
谢谢. |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 44 这个用来做基于笼子的管理不错.
但是还得具体到每只老鼠(genotype, breeding, exp). 要是能在每只老鼠身上都印上
条形码就好了. |
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j*****d
发帖数: 787 | 45 excel (for breeding and genotyping) + a 7x10 tables (for each cage)
go to mouse room every single day as I need embryos
I manage 7x5x10=350 clonies, not a huge number. |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 46 你是说你手上管5000多只老鼠? 太猛了.
我最多的时候手上大概有500-600只老鼠, 4种genotype. 现在到了新地方, 又开始老鼠实验, 决定好好管理一下. |
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i*********0
发帖数: 915 | 47 if your gene is not haploinsufficiency, both genotypes you listed are ok for
control group. You can also use +/+ cre+ or -. no need for another wt
congenic. |
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x*********a
发帖数: 906 | 48 or any lamda- genotype E. coli strain expresses T7 promoter-driven genes? |
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