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c********1
发帖数: 5269 | 2 学者发现12个抑郁症亚型后，看到更好的治疗方案
They argued the 12 subtypes were induced by:
• Infection, in which sickness behaviour to combat pathogens and
parasites may lead to symptoms such as loss of appetite, sleep disturbances,
anhedonia, impaired concentration.
• Long-term stress which is known to activate the immune system,
causing an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that influence mood.
• Loneliness.
• Traumatic experience.
• Hierarchy conflict where events such as un... 阅读全帖 |
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l*****n
发帖数: 2446 | 3 adjustment disorders are coded based on the subtype.
309.0 with depressed mood
309.24 with anxiety
309.28 with mixed anxiety and depressed mood
309.3 with disturbance of conduct
309.4 with mixed diturbance of emotions and conduct
309.9 unspecified |
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J*******g
发帖数: 8775 | 4 Abusive fallacy – a subtype of "ad hominem" when it turns into verbal abuse
of the opponent rather than arguing about the originally proposed argument.
把我贬低了一下，还是没有回答问题。女娲造了几个人，他们是如何繁衍后代的？
对，请问你对中国人的定义是什么？
顺便问一下，您是中国公民么？我记得你把中国叫“你的祖国”。 |
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F****n
发帖数: 438 | 5 【 以下文字转载自 Medicalpractice 讨论区 】
发信人: FeiLun (Is Horrible), 信区: Medicalpractice
标 题: 几篇期刊文章
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Jul 12 22:36:30 2014, 美东)
那位大侠可以帮组查一下这几篇的全文吗？叩谢。
请发：y******[email protected].
I.
Role of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in atrial
electrophysiology and fibrillation in the dog.
Qi XY1, Diness JG, Brundel BJ, Zhou XB, Naud P, Wu CT, Huang H, Harada M,
Aflaki M, Dobrev D, Grunnet M, Nattel S.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Recent evidence points to functional... 阅读全帖 |
|
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w*******g
发帖数: 9932 | 7 I think the problem is caused by backwards compatability of Java.
SortedSet can be casted back to TreeSet without problem
but if you let Object o = s0, then the runtime type of s0 is erased to
TreeSet to make sure that TreeSet is a subtype of Object.
The warning is fine and you can just ignore it. The warning is there because
Java compiler is not smart enough to tell whether you are doing the right thing
and the runtime check is not sufficient. |
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s***e
发帖数: 122 | 8 why don't you just use the A's compareTo() method? it seems to be your
intention to compare them as A, no matter whether subtype they are.
or if you do care their type, you might override the compareTo() method like:
if (!(a instanceof B)) throws new SomeException();
return super.compareTo(a);
but i do suspect it's not what you want it to do. |
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s******n
发帖数: 876 | 9 well, the language spec has dedicated 50 pages for
this subject alone. we thought java is supposed
to be simpler than c++...
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/expressio
15.12 Method Invocation Expressions
15.12.1 Compile-Time Step 1: Determine Class or Interface to Search
15.12.2 Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature
15.12.2.1 Identify Potentially Applicable Methods
15.12.2.2 Phase 1: Identify Matching Arity Methods Applicable by
Subtyping
... 阅读全帖 |
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s******n
发帖数: 876 | 10
good point, it must be resolved.
a cmd line argument can always be interpreted as a String literal. it may
also be parsed into a primitive literal: int/long, float/double, char, true/
false/null - if that succeeds, there is no ambiguity in which primitive type
it ends up with.
Now we need to resolve method overloading, in the same way a compiler does
it(JLS 15.12.2.5), only in our purpose, a primitive literal is a "subtype"
of a string literal.
This won't confuse a programmer who's not confused |
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b***e
发帖数: 1419 | 11 I question the accuracy of the Haskell developer salary report, well, yes,
depending on how do you classify Haskell developers. Most of the Haskell
developers are truly academic researchers. Those people who worked with me
before are mostly tenure professors at some universities. So far I didn't
find a single case in my list of 4 big cows who's "thousand years of post-
doc". This is not biology (sorry for my candor, biologists). They might
not be making as high as 200k per year as far as ba... 阅读全帖 |
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b***e
发帖数: 1419 | 12 I question the accuracy of the Haskell developer salary report, well, yes,
depending on how do you classify Haskell developers. Most of the Haskell
developers are truly academic researchers. Those people who worked with me
before are mostly tenure professors at some universities. So far I didn't
find a single case in my list of 4 big cows who's "thousand years of post-
doc". This is not biology (sorry for my candor, biologists). They might
not be making as high as 200k per year as far as ba... 阅读全帖 |
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p*****2
发帖数: 21240 | 13 In my experience, Scala's is much more complicated. It has to be, in order
to interoperate with Java, include object-oriented programming, and
therefore use a lot of subtyping and attempt to impose principle on it.
Scala seems to be a bazaar in which concepts from Java and Haskell collide,
and there's even some Erlang thrown in (the actor model). Type-wise, these
sub-languages don't always get along well. For what it must do, Scala does a
good job. The problem is that its mandatory first-class s... 阅读全帖 |
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h*h
发帖数: 27852 | 14 http://www.yinwang.org/blog-cn/2015/04/03/paradigms
编程的宗派
总是有人喜欢争论这类问题，到底是“函数式编程”（FP）好，还是“面向对象编程”
（OOP）好。既然出了两个帮派，就有人积极地做它们的帮众，互相唾骂和鄙视。然后
呢又出了一个“好好先生帮”，这个帮的人喜欢说，管它什么范式呢，能解决问题的工
具就是好工具！我个人其实不属于这三帮人中的任何一个。
面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming）
如果你看透了表面现象就会发现，其实“面向对象编程”本身没有引入很多新东西。所
谓“面向对象语言”，其实就是经典的“过程式语言”（比如Pascal），加上一点抽象
能力。所谓“类”和“对象”，基本是过程式语言里面的记录（record，或者叫结构，
structure），它本质其实是一个从名字到数据的“映射表”（map）。你可以用名字从
这个表里面提取相应的数据。比如point.x，就是用名字x从记录point里面提取相应的
数据。这比起数组来是一件很方便的事情，因为你不需要记住存放数据的下标。即使你
插入了新的数据成... 阅读全帖 |
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p**z
发帖数: 65 | 15 是的，Julia的class叫做Type, 比较像C的struct，可以有constructor，abstract
class可以有inheritance（subtype）。但是，functions不属于class，code写在class
外面，scope缺省是本module。用multiple dispatch来实现polymorphism。
我一开始也非常不习惯，但是这样的设计有一定道理。传统OOP在class里面有method，
不同class有重名的method没关系，根据调用者object的类型调用各自的method，其实
是single-dispatch polymorphism。据我理解（如果有错请懂行的人纠正）在实现
时，其实就是把调用者的object作为第一个参数传进去的（在Python里这一点特别清楚，
因为在class下的function第一个参数都是self）。multiple dispatch就是single
dispatch的generalization，到底调用哪一个版本的函数是所有参数的类型共同决定的，
并不只限于第一个。这个听上去像静态类型语言的fun... 阅读全帖 |
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T*******x
发帖数: 8565 | 16 这个道理我还是没明白：如果C是A的subtype，为什么在Java中，list of C里不能存一
个type A的object，而在haskell里就可以。 |
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f*********p
发帖数: 13 | 17 I do not think you fully understood my answer to your question yet. let me put
it this way.
what kind of BL21 are you using? BL21 has BL21 (DE3), (DE3) pLysS, ...
different subtypes. I assume that you are using DE3 related strains. DE3
strain has a lambda phage lysogenized in BL21 e.coli, on which there is a T7
polymerase gene under the control of lac promoter. when you grow the cells up,
no or very little T7 pol can be expressed. when you add IPTG, it induces the
expression of T7 pol, which the |
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w*y
发帖数: 47 | 18 I got muiptle alignments of say, 50, sequences.
Now, I want to get the subtypes of these sequences.
I used to use hierachical clustering using BLOSSUM matrix pairwise comparasion.
But boss ask me to use a better method using relative entropy.
I searched the papers, but I still do not find how to do?
Would you please recommend a method to do it? |
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y***x
发帖数: 94 | 19 Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 1;16(3):876-87. Epub 2010 Jan 26.
Heterogeneity for stem cell-related markers according to tumor subtype and
histologic stage in breast cancer.
Park SY, Lee HE, Li H, Shipitsin M, Gelman R, Polyak K.
w*****[email protected]
thank you |
|
e******n
发帖数: 193 | 20 【 以下文字转载自 Postdoc 讨论区 】
发信人: estrogen (nonono), 信区: Postdoc
标 题: 求paper一篇
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jun 11 12:42:58 2010, 美东)
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Semi-Automated Repetitive-Sequence-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Compared
to Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Listeria monocytogenes Subtyping.
Roussel S, Félix B, Colanéri C, Vignaud ML, Dao TT, Marault M, Brisabois A.
PMID: 20528463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Email: c***********[email protected]
thanks very muc |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 21 Can you buy collagenase (I am not sure about subtype) and use as trypsin.
a few years ago I used collagen coated dish to culture cells, when I need to
harvest cell, I used a mixture of collagenase and trypsin.
you might need to optimize the system. |
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L******e
发帖数: 679 | 22 I think Cytogenetic Technologists is a subtype of clinical laboratory
technologists. |
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h********n
发帖数: 4079 | 23 I think your point 1,2,3 are targeting the cancer stem cell research field,
not C Kim's work. I think you don't agree the concept of cancer stem cell.
I don't argue against you at this point because more data are required for
the field.
4. most lung cancer mouse models yield adenocarcinoma, including Kras and
EGFR model, which largely due to the promoter. And mechanistic study of
adenocarcinoma is much better then other subtype of lung cancers.
5. I have not read her recent work, but I was in h... 阅读全帖 |
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m*******e
发帖数: 1280 | 24 Two other points, after finally took a look at her research description as
pasted below:
1) She AIN't doing GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study). The array-based
GWAS has been concluded and announced as a big failure,she would have been
dumb for focusing on that.Sequencing is the way and it IS her approach.
2) Neurologic/psychatric disease is a great direction. Latest data on US
School Age Children says the Autism rate is 10 times higher over 10 years
ago to a stunning 1%. Sure, there are arguem... 阅读全帖 |
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e*******e
发帖数: 1837 | 25 Thanks for the info.
Are there any well-defined extreme ASD subtypes/categories that are more
suitable for genetic studies?
stereotyped
individuals |
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e*****t
发帖数: 642 | 26 现在癌症的研究成果，特别是cancer genome的，主要贡献在早期诊断和预测上了，比
如某些特定的cancer gene的突变，表达和epigenetic的修饰。完全治愈还是很难的。
癌症太复杂，很多subtype，机理都不一样。 |
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l******a
发帖数: 3339 | 27 这个我同意，“它不是一种疾病, 而是好多好多种疾病的总称”。确实，很多subtype
就像是一个
special的疾病。 |
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a********k
发帖数: 2273 | 28 花了一个小时，深深的鄙视一下自己的无聊行径！！
125 蔡亮 男 1980年11月 复旦大学 生命
科学 2007年12月毕业于[美国]北卡大学 [美国]加州大学旧金山分校 博士后
Cai L, Mostov K. Polarity is destiny. Cell. 2009 Nov 13;139(4):660-2. PubMed
PMID: 19914162; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2900917.
Cai L, Makhov AM, Schafer DA, Bear JE. Coronin 1B antagonizes cortactin and
remodels Arp2/3-containing actin branches in lamellipodia. Cell. 2008 Sep
5;134(5):828-42. PubMed PMID: 18775315; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2570342.
Cai L, Makhov AM, Bear JE. F-actin... 阅读全帖 |
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B*****e
发帖数: 1005 | 29 140后的几个也不是美国AP啊，文章比跟前几个有距离
140 黄亿华 男 1971年10月 中国科学院生物物理研究所 生命
科学 2004年02月毕业于[美国]康奈尔大学 [美国]休斯医学研究所/西南医学中
心 讲师
1: Huang Y, Smith BS, Chen LX, Baxter RH, Deisenhofer J. Insights into pilus
assembly and secretion from the structure and functional characterization of
usher PapC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 5;106(18):7403-7. Epub 2009
Apr
20. PubMed PMID: 19380723; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2670885.
2: Lin SC, Huang Y, Lo YC, Lu M, Wu H. Crystal structure of the BIR1 doma... 阅读全帖 |
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W*****o
发帖数: 1780 | 30 去查了一下，张旭总共发表了90多篇英文文章（不算中文）。回国之后作为联系作者也
有快20篇了。其中有cell, neuron, Journal of neuroscience, PNAS 好多篇。而且他
1995年就回国了，那个时候国内的环境有多差不用说了吧。这也快20年了。比饶益2007
年才全职回去多了12年。比起培养的中国学生也多多了，算国内贡献肯定不会小。如果
他一直留在国外，成就未必就比饶差。谁把饶益的文章列一列。国内多少篇，总共多少
篇，培养了多少中国学生？
1. Li KC, Wang F, Zhong YQ, Lu YJ, Wang Q, Zhang FX, Xiao HS, Bao L, Zhang X
. (2011) Reduction of follistatin-like 1 in primary afferent neurons
contributes to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Cell Res, 21: 697-699.
2. Li KC, Zhang FX, Li CL, Wang F, Yu MY, Z... 阅读全帖 |
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s**u
发帖数: 9035 | 31 Dr. Samuel M Cohen(Chairman of Department of Pathology, UNMC) wrote a letter to "Toxicological Science" to criticize a misleading from Chengfeng Yang(Michigan State University)lab's a recent paper published in this journal, see below:
Reply to “Reversal and Prevention of Arsenic-Induced Human Bronchial
Epithelial Cell Malignant Transformation by MicroRNA-200b”
1. Samuel M. Cohen1
+ Author Affiliations
1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska
Medical Center, Omaha... 阅读全帖 |
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n********k
发帖数: 2818 | 32 This is a smart, very focused and productive one I have heard from people
working with him...XD Wang's first student was even more impressive if I am not too old:) and several from HJ Song's lab also have impressive records, A and P from this board both have impressive records in pretty shoret time too...
BTW, to upbeat/Q a bit for those (including myself) who may feel depressed now)....Nothing particularly/unusually, Pretty much decent intelligence, strong motivations/working/person habits/... 阅读全帖 |
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a*****r
发帖数: 54 | 33 Actually this topic(statins and cancer risk) is kind of hot several years
ago because of the facts that 1)fast-dividing cells(such as tumor cells)
requires cholesterol;2)LDLR is up-regulated in some cancer type...
Then one paper came out on JAMA
http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/295/1/74.short
I do not really understand meta-analysis, but the conclusion of this paper
is:
"Statins have a neutral effect on cancer and cancer death risk in randomized
controlled trials. We found that no type of cancer... 阅读全帖 |
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b******u
发帖数: 1 | 34 Hi 您好
对于您的问题，其实是这样的 GWAS的研究主要是归咎于对于疾病的non-preknowledge
的理解的，就是说你只要有两组case-control （一般是这样的）然后上GWAS芯片，然
后看基因之间的SNP频率差异。
对于的您所说的OR在1.3以下，这些在临床意义上都没有任何价值（欢迎拍砖），之所
以可以检测出来，主要是看P-value，然而p-value主要是看样本量，按照公式来推理，
只要你的样本足够大，你就可以检测出significant的细微差异，例如OR<1.2 所以现在
的趋势是1）提高样品量2）如果样品不够大的时候，引入其他变量，例如环境factor (
Gene-Environment Interaction in Genome-Wide Association Studies)，或者加入
expression （eQTL），现在国内更多是单纯的提高样品量，因为在国内收样品较容易。
第二个问题，隔离人群GWAS， 首先您朋友要考虑以下问题，首先是您朋友是要screen
mutation还是做疾病的mutation？ 国内一般是做疾病的，a) 在深山老林... 阅读全帖 |
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i*e
发帖数: 352 | 35 biomark追求少比多好
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
A Three-Gene Model to Robustly Identify Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Loi S, Culhane AC, Bontempi G, Quackenbush J,
Sotiriou C.
PMID: 22262870 |
|
o********r
发帖数: 775 | 36 For diseases not related to blood, blood cells are a good candidate for
germline sample.
How to use the WGS data is a big issue in this NGS era. One common strategy
used in paired tumor/germline analyses is to compare the mutation spectrum
across multiple patients (from the same cohort or at least same disease type
/subtype) to identify recurrent mutations, which provides leads to wet lab.
If you think bioinformatics alone can give you the definite answer for
driver mutations, probably you will... 阅读全帖 |
|
i*e
发帖数: 352 | 37 biomark追求少比多好
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
A Three-Gene Model to Robustly Identify Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Loi S, Culhane AC, Bontempi G, Quackenbush J,
Sotiriou C.
PMID: 22262870 |
|
o********r
发帖数: 775 | 38 For diseases not related to blood, blood cells are a good candidate for
germline sample.
How to use the WGS data is a big issue in this NGS era. One common strategy
used in paired tumor/germline analyses is to compare the mutation spectrum
across multiple patients (from the same cohort or at least same disease type
/subtype) to identify recurrent mutations, which provides leads to wet lab.
If you think bioinformatics alone can give you the definite answer for
driver mutations, probably you will... 阅读全帖 |
|
i*e
发帖数: 352 | 39 也不能说“混在一起讨论就是不正确的”
毕竟subtype本身就乱七八糟
不作临床的完全可以说本来就只是打算address breast cancer这个大笼统的东西
只能说不分开分析ER status，尤其是这么established的参数
不够细致
说是有可能被Nature，Nature Genetics，PNAS等据稿
不提几大top的临床杂志
估计也有先见之明
就像你说的，压根没一丁点希望发在好的临床杂志上面
最终没到plos one就不错了
cancer.
没人报名我就单挑了，今天晚上就开工。要一起灌水的 |
|
g***j
发帖数: 40861 | 40 s*****[email protected]
谢谢！
1.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104
on Alfalfa Seeds by Levulinic Acid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Zhao, Tong; Zhao, Ping; Doyle, Michael P.
Source: Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 11, November
2010 , pp. 2010-2017(8)
2.
Control of Salmonella on Sprouting Mung Bean and Alfalfa Seeds by Using a
Biocontrol Preparation Based on Antagonistic Bacteria and Lytic
Bacteriophages
Authors: Ye, Jianxiong1; Kostrzyns... 阅读全帖 |
|
g*********3
发帖数: 177 | 41 好帖~
1）我前几天在想personal medicine，我们是不是策略可能有点问题~ 通常的做法是
find a commonly occured desregulated pathway based on many samples---Find
drug---Treat people carrying this abnormal pathay with drug.
其实由于heterogeneity，找出癌症共有的通路本身就是很难的【这个可以部分解释为
什么microarray做了这些工作，取得的效果不是很明显】~ 我的想法是直接进入
personal medicine，忽略第一步，直接进入第三步不见得难~ 当然这个成本目前还不
可能被接受~
2）LZ说的第二点很好~ 我个人的观点是怎样从这么多mutation中找出driver mutation
，这个面有不少牛组在做了，进展不是很大，另外有人提到了一点，很多不是
druggable的，这个比较棘手，很多TFs，我估计是driver mutation，恰好很多TFs不是
druggable的，这个是老板的经验，他说可能和TFs ... 阅读全帖 |
|
b****r
发帖数: 17995 | 42 1.直接personal我觉得是不现实的。怎么个peronalize，你怎么找切入点？人的一辈子
，除了DNA是相对稳定的，其他的东西变化太厉害，对于科学研究来说可以说是个相当
捉摸不定的东西
2.大牛组进展不大很正常，现在遗传学技术的通量对于癌症的复杂程度根本差得太远太
远，说九牛一毛也不一定夸张了。至于是不是drugable，也不好一概而论，但是我觉得
原则上只要癌症和正常细胞还有本质的区别，它就一定有致命的靶点
3.microarray就别提了，太逊了。我反复强调的一点，就是有没有可能穷尽一个东西。
只要能穷尽地研究一个东西，这个东西就能被搞清楚，这是我的信念。microarray只能
针对一部分基因的很小一部分信息，说它挂一漏万，肯定没有夸张。 proteinomics理
论上当然好，但是刚才我说过，蛋白变化太大，而且即使一个细胞里不同蛋白都可以有
无数种位置区别，不同的化学修饰，再加上和另外几十几百个protein的互作，然后人
体有几亿亿个细胞，现有的人类技术不知道要多少年才能穷尽。我觉得这是一条低效率
的路。
4.癌症致死，归根结底是癌细胞越来越多。
1）我前几天在想p... 阅读全帖 |
|
P****o
发帖数: 172 | 43 一抗如果是单克隆抗体，二抗可考虑用 抗 subtype的。
二抗也可以用gamma chain specific的，如果用igm做对照的话。
目的细胞是老鼠来源的吗？ |
|
l**********1
发帖数: 5204 | 44 PAM or NAM 需要用针对上游和下游的targets 不同的agonist or antagonist
进一步测试的
具体麻烦 参考一综述
Coddou C et al. (2011)
Activation and regulation of purinergic P2X receptor channels.
Pharmacol Rev. 63: 641-83.
PubMed link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737531
its contents likes
>The term cooperativity is frequently
used to describe the magnitude of an allosteric
effect, which could be either positive or negative, leading
to up- or down-regulation of receptor function.
and
>A common aspect of P2XRs is their
regu... 阅读全帖 |
|
b*****u
发帖数: 75 | 45 Even Gleevec cannot CURE a CML patient harboring BCR-Abl fusion gene, not to
mention others likes Herceptin (anti-HER2) or even anti-EGFR. There is no
cure for any type or subtypes of cancer. What all those treatment do in most
case is to hopefully prolong the survival, which varies from a couple of
months to years.
"Papers上说EGFR inhibitor 可作为抗癌药用 (in specific cell lines or animal
models)" does not mean that a good anti-EGFR chemical can be a good drug.
Tons of others issue exist, like the effic... 阅读全帖 |
|
y*********8
发帖数: 37 | 46 Totally disagree "There is no cure for any type or subtypes of cancer",
Usually a anti-cancer drug will lead to complete remission in some patient,
but some patients are resistant or refractory. For those complete remission
patient, we can called it "cured".
to
most
toxicity |
|
b****r
发帖数: 17995 | 47 "here is no
cure for any type or subtypes of cancer."
真能扯蛋，不要去医学论坛或者医生面前喷，你会被拍死
to
most
toxicity |
|
b*****u
发帖数: 75 | 48 Even Gleevec cannot CURE a CML patient harboring BCR-Abl fusion gene, not to
mention others likes Herceptin (anti-HER2) or even anti-EGFR. There is no
cure for any type or subtypes of cancer. What all those treatment do in most
case is to hopefully prolong the survival, which varies from a couple of
months to years.
"Papers上说EGFR inhibitor 可作为抗癌药用 (in specific cell lines or animal
models)" does not mean that a good anti-EGFR chemical can be a good drug.
Tons of others issue exist, like the effic... 阅读全帖 |
|
y*********8
发帖数: 37 | 49 Totally disagree "There is no cure for any type or subtypes of cancer",
Usually a anti-cancer drug will lead to complete remission in some patient,
but some patients are resistant or refractory. For those complete remission
patient, we can called it "cured".
to
most
toxicity |
|
