k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 1 考古了一下,最后几个问题想请教一下:我的情况不复杂,有Roth 15K,很早一个401K
10K,一直没有RollOver,没有Traditional IRA。现在想直接把这个401K转成Roth。
1. Convert没有收入限制,但是Convert多少也没有限制吧?比如2010年把这个10K全转
Roth了,就是这部分要缴税,但不会影响到今年Roth的Contribution吧?2010年另外还
能放5000Roth,对吧?
2. Convert的时候需要把里面的基金全卖掉吗?变成Cash转过去?如果不要,401K有些
基金只有几十几百块,而Roth买基金一般要求最少500或2500的,这样转过去了不是要
收Minimum Balance Fee了?
3. Convert的部分5年内取出来要Penalty。如果5年内取一部分,能不能指定说从原来
的Roth本金中取?比如Convert后一共25K了,5年内去出5K本金,要罚款吗?
谢谢! |
s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 2 1,对
2,一般401(k) plan都不给做in-kind rollover。有的可能,问他们。
3,取钱自动先算direct contribution,用完了才算rollover。 |
o******8 发帖数: 620 | 3 这样一convert,岂不是省了交以后几十年的investment return tax?
哪个高人说说这样操作的限制在哪里? |
s*****n 发帖数: 2174 | 4 That is right.
But it will trigger taxable income for this year which is a big concern for
some people. For example, people with high income now may not like it,
people who expect future tax lower than today may not like it either.
It totally depends on each individual and the prediction of future.
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : 这样一convert,岂不是省了交以后几十年的investment return tax? : 哪个高人说说这样操作的限制在哪里?
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 5
你现在convert的时候整个amount付税。
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : 这样一convert,岂不是省了交以后几十年的investment return tax? : 哪个高人说说这样操作的限制在哪里?
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k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 6 谢谢,看样子就是第二个问题了,可能还是变成Cach好。不然转过去了,基金再Charge
Minimum Balance Fee,Broker不管更不好。还有就是费用问题,希望没有任何费用。
1,对
2,一般401(k) plan都不给做in-kind rollover。有的可能,问他们。
3,取钱自动先算direct contribution,用完了才算rollover。
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : 1,对 : 2,一般401(k) plan都不给做in-kind rollover。有的可能,问他们。 : 3,取钱自动先算direct contribution,用完了才算rollover。
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 7 OK, let's say someone has a $10K 401K saving and tries to
figure out the benefit of converting now. And let's say their
current tax bracket is quite high, 35%, and they imagine their
tax bracket after retirement is 10%.
The additional tax due to the conversion now is $10K*(35%-
15%)=$2.5K
But after conversion, all investment returns are tax free. In other
words, as long as the investment returns is expected to be
higher than $2.5K/15% = $16K after 20-30 years, the
conversion should be performed.
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : : 你现在convert的时候整个amount付税。
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 8 转cash要交penalty哦,外加税
了,基金再Charge
没有任何费用。
【在 k*****u 的大作中提到】 : 谢谢,看样子就是第二个问题了,可能还是变成Cach好。不然转过去了,基金再Charge : Minimum Balance Fee,Broker不管更不好。还有就是费用问题,希望没有任何费用。 : : 1,对 : 2,一般401(k) plan都不给做in-kind rollover。有的可能,问他们。 : 3,取钱自动先算direct contribution,用完了才算rollover。
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k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 9 Wrong Calculation.
Pay tax now and increase tax free
Increase tax deferred and pay tax later.
They are same if the tax rate are same between now and after retirement.
In your case, now 35% and later 15%. No benefit to convert.
Simple put:
1. 10K now, pay 35% tax, 6500 left. If doubled till retirement, got 13K.
2. 10K doubled to 20K at retire, pay 35% tax, and same 13K left.
Little complicate if use additional after-tax money to pay the convert tax.
Say you have 10K 401K and 3500 cash.
1. convert
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : OK, let's say someone has a $10K 401K saving and tries to : figure out the benefit of converting now. And let's say their : current tax bracket is quite high, 35%, and they imagine their : tax bracket after retirement is 10%. : The additional tax due to the conversion now is $10K*(35%- : 15%)=$2.5K : But after conversion, all investment returns are tax free. In other : words, as long as the investment returns is expected to be : higher than $2.5K/15% = $16K after 20-30 years, the : conversion should be performed.
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 10 Oh, I forgot to deduct the tax. But it seems to be the same.
As long as the investment return is expected to be higher than
$16K (with the $6.5K in Roth), they should roll-over.
Assuming that most of people have at least 25 years to invest,
that's to ask for an annual return of ((6.5+16)/16)^(1/25)-
1=5.09%.
Your calculation assumes that the return just doubles the
investment (after 25 years). A bit on the safe side.
retirement.
got 13K.
left.
convert tax.
【在 k*****u 的大作中提到】 : Wrong Calculation. : Pay tax now and increase tax free : Increase tax deferred and pay tax later. : They are same if the tax rate are same between now and after retirement. : In your case, now 35% and later 15%. No benefit to convert. : Simple put: : 1. 10K now, pay 35% tax, 6500 left. If doubled till retirement, got 13K. : 2. 10K doubled to 20K at retire, pay 35% tax, and same 13K left. : Little complicate if use additional after-tax money to pay the convert tax. : Say you have 10K 401K and 3500 cash.
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k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 11 has nothing to do with the return rate
Oh, I forgot to deduct the tax. But it seems to be the same.
As long as the investment return is expected to be higher than
$16K (with the $6.5K in Roth), they should roll-over.
Assuming that most of people have at least 25 years to invest,
that's to ask for an annual return of ((6.5+16)/16)^(1/25)-
1=5.09%.
Your calculation assumes that the return just doubles the
investment (after 25 years). A bit on the safe side.
retirement.
got 13K.
left.
convert tax.
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : Oh, I forgot to deduct the tax. But it seems to be the same. : As long as the investment return is expected to be higher than : $16K (with the $6.5K in Roth), they should roll-over. : Assuming that most of people have at least 25 years to invest, : that's to ask for an annual return of ((6.5+16)/16)^(1/25)- : 1=5.09%. : Your calculation assumes that the return just doubles the : investment (after 25 years). A bit on the safe side. : : retirement.
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 12 You are right. It's unrelated to return rate.
If the current tax bracket is r1 and tax bracket in after
retirement is r2, then one should convert if
(1+r1)*(1-r2) < 1
and use cash to pay for the roll-over tax.
【在 k*****u 的大作中提到】 : has nothing to do with the return rate : : Oh, I forgot to deduct the tax. But it seems to be the same. : As long as the investment return is expected to be higher than : $16K (with the $6.5K in Roth), they should roll-over. : Assuming that most of people have at least 25 years to invest, : that's to ask for an annual return of ((6.5+16)/16)^(1/25)- : 1=5.09%. : Your calculation assumes that the return just doubles the : investment (after 25 years). A bit on the safe side.
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 13 只要investment return rate一样,
现在付税和将来付就一样。
如果现在税低roth合算。现在高deferred合算。
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : You are right. It's unrelated to return rate. : If the current tax bracket is r1 and tax bracket in after : retirement is r2, then one should convert if : (1+r1)*(1-r2) < 1 : and use cash to pay for the roll-over tax.
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 14 Here is a conflicting signal from Wall street bankers:
In recommending everyone to save in 401K, they say "hey, save
to your 401K now, because your tax bracket will be so low after
retirement." -- deferred tax best
In recommending everyone to save in Roth, they say "hey, pay
tax now so you can get tax-free investment returns." -- roth
best
Which one should we follow? I guess they want us to put all our
income to Wall street, so they can earn from expense ratio.
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : 只要investment return rate一样, : 现在付税和将来付就一样。 : 如果现在税低roth合算。现在高deferred合算。
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s*****n 发帖数: 2174 | 15 Both of them are right, depending on your situation.
The first argument assumes that future tax bucket will be lower.
The second argument assumes that future tax bucket will be higher.
Your prediction of future tax bucket is the ONLY factor to consider Roth vs
pre-tax.
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : Here is a conflicting signal from Wall street bankers: : In recommending everyone to save in 401K, they say "hey, save : to your 401K now, because your tax bracket will be so low after : retirement." -- deferred tax best : In recommending everyone to save in Roth, they say "hey, pay : tax now so you can get tax-free investment returns." -- roth : best : Which one should we follow? I guess they want us to put all our : income to Wall street, so they can earn from expense ratio.
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 16 对绝大多数这里拿工资的老中,现在来说退休后rate会高
基本是不可能的。
到五十多岁了如果存了一两个米在401(k)了还有可能。 |
k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 17 每年1万,8%,30年后有多少?1.223M
对绝大多数这里拿工资的老中,现在来说退休后rate会高
基本是不可能的。
到五十多岁了如果存了一两个米在401(k)了还有可能。
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : 对绝大多数这里拿工资的老中,现在来说退休后rate会高 : 基本是不可能的。 : 到五十多岁了如果存了一两个米在401(k)了还有可能。
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 18
那时你再存roth好了。
【在 k*****u 的大作中提到】 : 每年1万,8%,30年后有多少?1.223M : : 对绝大多数这里拿工资的老中,现在来说退休后rate会高 : 基本是不可能的。 : 到五十多岁了如果存了一两个米在401(k)了还有可能。
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o******8 发帖数: 620 | 19 So then a logical conclusion would be just contribution to one of
them: either Roth or tax-defer. Unless diversification is
considered.
There are talks of these decades having extremely low taxes. So
a significant increase in tax rate isn't impossible. That could be
the reason why everyone is suggesting to max Roth contribution
first. But then why do we contribute to tax-defer at all?
Still confused...
lower.
higher.
consider Roth vs
【在 s*****n 的大作中提到】 : Both of them are right, depending on your situation. : The first argument assumes that future tax bucket will be lower. : The second argument assumes that future tax bucket will be higher. : Your prediction of future tax bucket is the ONLY factor to consider Roth vs : pre-tax.
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 20
因为rates are tiered。按你的收入来的。
如果你存的都是roth,到时候你的税率是0%。
只有你的tax-deferred高到一定程度才可能
把你的税率弄到高于现在的rate。
举例:
1,你现在两人$150k一年,28% fed+5% state. 已经有了$2m 401(k),
退休后每年拿5%出来花,$100k。未来可能tax rate更高,30% + 6% state,
那么你就应该现在存roth。
2,你现在两人$150k一年,28% fed+5% state. 已经有了$100k 401(k),
退休后每年拿5%出来花,$5k。未来可能tax rate更高,但得高到什么样
才能然你$5k都超过33%的税啊。那么你就应该现在存tax-deferred。
3, 你现在学生$20k一年,基本不交税,没有401(k)。预计工作后怎么也能
存一些tax-deferred所以肯定退休后要有税,趁现在没税一定要存roth。
【在 o******8 的大作中提到】 : So then a logical conclusion would be just contribution to one of : them: either Roth or tax-defer. Unless diversification is : considered. : There are talks of these decades having extremely low taxes. So : a significant increase in tax rate isn't impossible. That could be : the reason why everyone is suggesting to max Roth contribution : first. But then why do we contribute to tax-defer at all? : Still confused... : : lower.
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s*******h 发帖数: 916 | 21 为什么未来tax rate会更高?如果退休后没有收入呢?
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : : 因为rates are tiered。按你的收入来的。 : 如果你存的都是roth,到时候你的税率是0%。 : 只有你的tax-deferred高到一定程度才可能 : 把你的税率弄到高于现在的rate。 : 举例: : 1,你现在两人$150k一年,28% fed+5% state. 已经有了$2m 401(k), : 退休后每年拿5%出来花,$100k。未来可能tax rate更高,30% + 6% state, : 那么你就应该现在存roth。 : 2,你现在两人$150k一年,28% fed+5% state. 已经有了$100k 401(k),
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 22
不是都说现在的税太低嘛。
退休后你从tax-deferred accounts拿钱就是收入,要交税的。
【在 s*******h 的大作中提到】 : 为什么未来tax rate会更高?如果退休后没有收入呢?
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d******b 发帖数: 28 | 23 我有个类似的问题: 我09年回国了. 401K留着没动. 今年在美国应该没有收入. 如果
我convert $10,000 from 401k to IRA, 是不是这$10,000就完全免税了? 我应该连税
表都不用填吧? (没有绿卡). |
a**n 发帖数: 2431 | 24 我的理解也是这样的,赫赫
【在 d******b 的大作中提到】 : 我有个类似的问题: 我09年回国了. 401K留着没动. 今年在美国应该没有收入. 如果 : 我convert $10,000 from 401k to IRA, 是不是这$10,000就完全免税了? 我应该连税 : 表都不用填吧? (没有绿卡).
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 25 这个是rollover,不是convert。rollover谁都不交税。
你convert成Roth时才交税,有可能如果你是non-resident
他们会强迫30% withholding,但现在你401(k)或者IRA
custodian应该不知道你是NR而不会预扣。
注意如果你file as NR,因为没有standard deduction,
不交税的只有personal exemptions。
2010的conversion可以分到2011 2012两年里保,这样可以
一次多转点。
【在 d******b 的大作中提到】 : 我有个类似的问题: 我09年回国了. 401K留着没动. 今年在美国应该没有收入. 如果 : 我convert $10,000 from 401k to IRA, 是不是这$10,000就完全免税了? 我应该连税 : 表都不用填吧? (没有绿卡).
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b*******r 发帖数: 152 | 26 问以下, 那个时候的税是扣在5K 还是100K的基础上, (在你这个例子里)? 谢谢
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
未来可能tax rate更高,但得高到什么样
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : 这个是rollover,不是convert。rollover谁都不交税。 : 你convert成Roth时才交税,有可能如果你是non-resident : 他们会强迫30% withholding,但现在你401(k)或者IRA : custodian应该不知道你是NR而不会预扣。 : 注意如果你file as NR,因为没有standard deduction, : 不交税的只有personal exemptions。 : 2010的conversion可以分到2011 2012两年里保,这样可以 : 一次多转点。
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s**********d 发帖数: 36899 | 27
每年拿出来的。退休后你从tax-deferred account里提钱,
拿出来的数量,跟现在工资一样算收入交税。还要加上social
security(这个一部分可能免税)。
如果你是after tax IRA或401(k)之类,那么只有gain算收入。
因为本金是现在交了税的。
如果是Roth,那么就完全不交税。
所以如果你的pretax 退休帐号钱不多,那么未来你的税是不可能
高的。
【在 b*******r 的大作中提到】 : 问以下, 那个时候的税是扣在5K 还是100K的基础上, (在你这个例子里)? 谢谢 : : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 未来可能tax rate更高,但得高到什么样
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b*******r 发帖数: 152 | 28 谢谢答复. 这个GAIN 是lifetime accumulative 的吧?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^ROTH IRA?
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : : 每年拿出来的。退休后你从tax-deferred account里提钱, : 拿出来的数量,跟现在工资一样算收入交税。还要加上social : security(这个一部分可能免税)。 : 如果你是after tax IRA或401(k)之类,那么只有gain算收入。 : 因为本金是现在交了税的。 : 如果是Roth,那么就完全不交税。 : 所以如果你的pretax 退休帐号钱不多,那么未来你的税是不可能 : 高的。
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k*****u 发帖数: 1313 | 29 2010年转的要2011和2012年补税,是不是要按照这两年的收入缴税?
我有个类似的问题: 我09年回国了. 401K留着没动. 今年在美国应该没有收入. 如果
我convert $10,000 from 401k to IRA, 是不是这$10,000就完全免税了? 我应该连税
表都不用填吧? (没有绿卡).
【在 d******b 的大作中提到】 : 我有个类似的问题: 我09年回国了. 401K留着没动. 今年在美国应该没有收入. 如果 : 我convert $10,000 from 401k to IRA, 是不是这$10,000就完全免税了? 我应该连税 : 表都不用填吧? (没有绿卡).
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d******b 发帖数: 28 | 30 谢谢提醒没有standard deduction这一点. 看来要想完全免税, 可以每年从401(k)
convert $3600(或当年的exemption 的limit)到Roth, 直到401(k)的钱全部转完为止.
但是关于conversion 时的withholding我不太清楚. 对于一般美国人来说,conversion
时是不是自动会withhold tax? 因为如果没有withholding的话,我应该可以不用file
tax return.但如果有withholding,只能每年file tax return把withholding要回来
.
【在 s**********d 的大作中提到】 : 这个是rollover,不是convert。rollover谁都不交税。 : 你convert成Roth时才交税,有可能如果你是non-resident : 他们会强迫30% withholding,但现在你401(k)或者IRA : custodian应该不知道你是NR而不会预扣。 : 注意如果你file as NR,因为没有standard deduction, : 不交税的只有personal exemptions。 : 2010的conversion可以分到2011 2012两年里保,这样可以 : 一次多转点。
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S****Y 发帖数: 4634 | 31 you can not filed as married jointly as NR.
if you filed as married separately, you can not convert traditional IRA to
roth IRA.
.
conversion
file
【在 d******b 的大作中提到】 : 谢谢提醒没有standard deduction这一点. 看来要想完全免税, 可以每年从401(k) : convert $3600(或当年的exemption 的limit)到Roth, 直到401(k)的钱全部转完为止. : 但是关于conversion 时的withholding我不太清楚. 对于一般美国人来说,conversion : 时是不是自动会withhold tax? 因为如果没有withholding的话,我应该可以不用file : tax return.但如果有withholding,只能每年file tax return把withholding要回来 : .
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d******b 发帖数: 28 | 32 这点我不太明白, 难道我把401(k) convert 成 Roth IRA 的时候, 需要提供我的Tax
filing status 吗?
再说, 如果没有withholding tax, 我convert的数额在personal exemption以下, 我好
象根本就不用file tax return啊?
【在 S****Y 的大作中提到】 : you can not filed as married jointly as NR. : if you filed as married separately, you can not convert traditional IRA to : roth IRA. : : . : conversion : file
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