C*****5
发帖数: 8812 | 1 公司offer两种并存的退休计划：
第一种是按工资比例发股票，比例随工作时间上涨，起步5%，每年涨1%，到20%封顶，
这个是白给的，所有员工都有。
第二种就是普通的401K.
公司说第一种的福利已经很优厚（大家说说是这样吗？）所以401K就不match了。请问
这种情况我是投401K呢还投Roth？ | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 2 For average Chinese, max Roth first before considering non-matching 401k.
【在 C*****5 的大作中提到】
: 公司offer两种并存的退休计划：
: 第一种是按工资比例发股票，比例随工作时间上涨，起步5%，每年涨1%，到20%封顶，
: 这个是白给的，所有员工都有。
: 第二种就是普通的401K.
: 公司说第一种的福利已经很优厚（大家说说是这样吗？）所以401K就不match了。请问
: 这种情况我是投401K呢还投Roth？
| a**n
发帖数: 2431 | 3 K di di,
Actually I don't quite understand this logic, after all, contribution to 401
k is tax deductible ah...
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: For average Chinese, max Roth first before considering non-matching 401k.
| m****u
发帖数: 229 | 4 I am not even 30 years old yet. I have at least 30 years investing time to
go.
I think do Roth IRA first then 401K is fine.
I still think 401K is a must. If somehow you leave the company either on ur
own will or get fired, u can always roll ur 401K into a IRA or even a Roth
IRA. Not everyone can put money into Roth IRA and even if they do, they can
only do 5k a year. Everyone can put $16500 ish into 401k a year(if i
remember correctly). When leave the company, I see the one year saving from
401K | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 5 This has been discussed many times before. The conclusion was to keep
a 1:1 ratio between before tax and after tax retirement balance.
Since 401k has a 16.5k cap and Roth has a 5k cap, and most Chinese
like to save so much (often maxing out 401k) that their before tax
portion significantly overweighs the after tax portion. I've also
shown calculation that if one maxes out 401k every year, by the time
he retires, he will have way too much money. Unless he gives the money
to children, his tax brac
【在 a**n 的大作中提到】
: K di di,
: Actually I don't quite understand this logic, after all, contribution to 401
: k is tax deductible ah...
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 6 关于这点我希望能讨论下。
假如年薪10w,每年放满401(k)，也就是16500+公司match，算20k好了，这部分钱的
federal tax bracket算是30%左右。30年累计下来投入本金是600k,假设增值一倍，也
就是退休的时候账户里有120w。如果分20年取出的话，每年取60k，这些钱的平均tax
rate应该是远低于30%的阿（大概只有15%不到）。就算非常乐观的情况下，账户增值到
200w，每年取10w,平均tax rate也不到30%阿
我算的有什么问题么？
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: This has been discussed many times before. The conclusion was to keep
: a 1:1 ratio between before tax and after tax retirement balance.
: Since 401k has a 16.5k cap and Roth has a 5k cap, and most Chinese
: like to save so much (often maxing out 401k) that their before tax
: portion significantly overweighs the after tax portion. I've also
: shown calculation that if one maxes out 401k every year, by the time
: he retires, he will have way too much money. Unless he gives the money
: to children, his tax brac
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 7 问题出在"假设增值一倍"。That's about 4% APY, almost as bad as an annuity.
For a 30 year long term investment there is no reason to be this low.
此外，for most people, they will receive social security income (maybe
around 20k/yr) which is ordinary income.
再次，if your current income is 100k, it might just be OK to max out
401k now. More than 50% people out there are not in 28% tax braket or
higher.
最后，the rate you cash out 401k after retirement is a little bit high.
Studies show you can cash out 4% every year a
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 关于这点我希望能讨论下。
: 假如年薪10w,每年放满401(k)，也就是16500+公司match，算20k好了，这部分钱的
: federal tax bracket算是30%左右。30年累计下来投入本金是600k,假设增值一倍，也
: 就是退休的时候账户里有120w。如果分20年取出的话，每年取60k，这些钱的平均tax
: rate应该是远低于30%的阿（大概只有15%不到）。就算非常乐观的情况下，账户增值到
: 200w，每年取10w,平均tax rate也不到30%阿
: 我算的有什么问题么？
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 8 后面不是说就算增值3倍到200w，也还是划算阿
假如每年投a($20k),收益率r, 那么30年后是
S = a((1+r)^29+(1+r)^28+...+(1+r)+1)= a*((1+r)^30 - 1)/r
r=4%, S=112w
r=5%, S=133w
r=6%, S=158w
R=7%, S=189w
r=8%, S=227w
r=9%, S=273w
如果再高，比如达到300w,每年要取15w出来，可能就比现在的tax rate要高了
所以还是有个平衡点的，但是这个平衡点并不容易达到(连续30年收益率10%)
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: 问题出在"假设增值一倍"。That's about 4% APY, almost as bad as an annuity.
: For a 30 year long term investment there is no reason to be this low.
: 此外，for most people, they will receive social security income (maybe
: around 20k/yr) which is ordinary income.
: 再次，if your current income is 100k, it might just be OK to max out
: 401k now. More than 50% people out there are not in 28% tax braket or
: higher.
: 最后，the rate you cash out 401k after retirement is a little bit high.
: Studies show you can cash out 4% every year a
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 9 I've updated my post.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 后面不是说就算增值3倍到200w，也还是划算阿
: 假如每年投a($20k),收益率r, 那么30年后是
: S = a((1+r)^29+(1+r)^28+...+(1+r)+1)= a*((1+r)^30 - 1)/r
: r=4%, S=112w
: r=5%, S=133w
: r=6%, S=158w
: R=7%, S=189w
: r=8%, S=227w
: r=9%, S=273w
: 如果再高，比如达到300w,每年要取15w出来，可能就比现在的tax rate要高了
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 10 嗯，我没考虑social security.
这样可能在7%收益率的情况下甚至更低就持平了
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: I've updated my post.
| | | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 11 If your target is to use up all money by death, that is true.
If your target is to keep your 401k size flat after retirement, it
is still better to max out 401k now. In that case your children will
get your money.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 嗯，我没考虑social security.
: 这样可能在7%收益率的情况下甚至更低就持平了
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 12 给小孩需要交遗产税么？如果要交那还是自己逐步取出来比较好吧？
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: If your target is to use up all money by death, that is true.
: If your target is to keep your 401k size flat after retirement, it
: is still better to max out 401k now. In that case your children will
: get your money.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 13 Also I didn't mention two aspects:
1) There is a debate that in the long term the tax rate is rising.
2) A retiree might have other types of incomes, such as business income,
short term capital gain (I hope investors are smart enough to control
short term trading when they get old. People with 100k/yr income usually
have quite a sizable regular investment account by the time they
retire).
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 嗯，我没考虑social security.
: 这样可能在7%收益率的情况下甚至更低就持平了
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 14 There are tricks to get around it for not-too-rich people, so I wouldn't
worry about that.
Basically what your children pay in tax is about the same as what you pay.
You are just passing your assets, along with your tax liability, to your
children.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 给小孩需要交遗产税么？如果要交那还是自己逐步取出来比较好吧？
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 15 有一点我没考虑，你刚才提醒了我，就是401k里的钱在退休后仍然会继续增值，这样的
话将来更可能tax rate 高。
你的第一点我有点疑惑，按道理将来会通货膨胀，那么tax bracket应该越来越往上移
阿，就像30年前的tax 从数字上会跟容易达到高一级的tax bracket
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: Also I didn't mention two aspects:
: 1) There is a debate that in the long term the tax rate is rising.
: 2) A retiree might have other types of incomes, such as business income,
: short term capital gain (I hope investors are smart enough to control
: short term trading when they get old. People with 100k/yr income usually
: have quite a sizable regular investment account by the time they
: retire).
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 16 你是指小孩也是在从401k取钱时才会交税，所以可以分若干年逐步取出来，对巴？
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: There are tricks to get around it for not-too-rich people, so I wouldn't
: worry about that.
: Basically what your children pay in tax is about the same as what you pay.
: You are just passing your assets, along with your tax liability, to your
: children.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 17 Yes, that's my understanding.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 你是指小孩也是在从401k取钱时才会交税，所以可以分若干年逐步取出来，对巴？
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 18 Inflation is out the the equation since the yearly cap of 401k, as well
as your income and tax bracket limits, is also inflation adjusted.
What I am talking about is that on the inflation adjusted basis, many
people believe tax rate will rise, i.e., a couple earning 135k is paying
25% tax now. In 2040, in order to pay 25% tax, a couple may at most earn
120k (in 2010 dollar).
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 有一点我没考虑，你刚才提醒了我，就是401k里的钱在退休后仍然会继续增值，这样的
: 话将来更可能tax rate 高。
: 你的第一点我有点疑惑，按道理将来会通货膨胀，那么tax bracket应该越来越往上移
: 阿，就像30年前的tax 从数字上会跟容易达到高一级的tax bracket
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 19 重新算了下，考虑退休后仍然按照同样的收益率增值，每年取同样的钱出来，这样就跟
mortgage得公式一样。
如果退休前30年每年投入 20k到401(k),在退休后20年内完全取出，r是年收益率, S是
退休时的balance，M是退休后20年每年取出数额
r=4%, S=112w, M=83K
r=5%, S=133w, M=106K
r=6%, S=158w, M=138K
R=7%, S=189w, M=178K
r=8%, S=227w, M=231K
r=9%, S=273w, M=299K
如果考虑20K每年的social security,基本上年收益率6%就能平衡，低于这个数的，放
满401k没关系，高于这个数的，放满了将来就可能交更多税
补充：这些都没考虑inflation后的tax bracket变化，如果考虑inflation,按3%算,就
是9%的年收益率是平衡点,如果考虑将来tax rate会更高，可能8%收益率是平衡点(似乎
连续30年并不容易达到）
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: Yes, that's my understanding.
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 20 那么那些收益率就是减掉inflation后的数字，这样的话如果3%的inflation,平衡点就
在年收益率9%左右了，这个似乎并不容易达到阿
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: Inflation is out the the equation since the yearly cap of 401k, as well
: as your income and tax bracket limits, is also inflation adjusted.
: What I am talking about is that on the inflation adjusted basis, many
: people believe tax rate will rise, i.e., a couple earning 135k is paying
: 25% tax now. In 2040, in order to pay 25% tax, a couple may at most earn
: 120k (in 2010 dollar).
| | | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 21 I feel you like to come to a conclusion too soon. You obviously didn't
consider 401k's cap would be something like 30k in 2040.
Your simulation obviously is on a inflation adjusted basis -- you din't
count inflation in any of the following aspects: 401k cap, company
matching part, tax bracket income limits, etc.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 那么那些收益率就是减掉inflation后的数字，这样的话如果3%的inflation,平衡点就
: 在年收益率9%左右了，这个似乎并不容易达到阿
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 22 Nah, sorry, I don't like your conclusions.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 重新算了下，考虑退休后仍然按照同样的收益率增值，每年取同样的钱出来，这样就跟
: mortgage得公式一样。
: 如果退休前30年每年投入 20k到401(k),在退休后20年内完全取出，r是年收益率, S是
: 退休时的balance，M是退休后20年每年取出数额
: r=4%, S=112w, M=83K
: r=5%, S=133w, M=106K
: r=6%, S=158w, M=138K
: R=7%, S=189w, M=178K
: r=8%, S=227w, M=231K
: r=9%, S=273w, M=299K
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 23 对，我没考虑inflation,所以在后来的结果里需要加上inflation rate作为最终结果，
这样就不需要考虑401k的cap了，因为这个cap也基本是考虑inflation才增加的
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: I feel you like to come to a conclusion too soon. You obviously didn't
: consider 401k's cap would be something like 30k in 2040.
: Your simulation obviously is on a inflation adjusted basis -- you din't
: count inflation in any of the following aspects: 401k cap, company
: matching part, tax bracket income limits, etc.
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 24 就是个讨论而已，给出计算公式总比瞎猜好吧，而且要考虑inflation也仍然可以用同
样方法计算一个平衡点的
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: Nah, sorry, I don't like your conclusions.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 25 But I personally don't like conclusions made based on simplified
studies, because any missing aspect may cause the conclusion to be
completely different.
In mere 15 minutes you've already changed your conclusions a couple of
times...
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 就是个讨论而已，给出计算公式总比瞎猜好吧，而且要考虑inflation也仍然可以用同
: 样方法计算一个平衡点的
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 26 结论只是微调了而已，主要增加考虑了退休后仍然有增值以及inflation
剩下的比如个人投资收益因人而异，所以没加进去，但加进去也没什么问题，在表中只
是个简单的加法。
我的确是在调整，考虑更多的东西，让结果更加可靠，但方法本身没问题,到现在为止
似乎没有更多大的因素没考虑进来了。你要不同意可以提出你的估计阿，我是认为计算
会比猜测更可信
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: But I personally don't like conclusions made based on simplified
: studies, because any missing aspect may cause the conclusion to be
: completely different.
: In mere 15 minutes you've already changed your conclusions a couple of
: times...
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 27 I fail to see how this can be assumed. Maybe I am slow but for me
the assumption below is too risky and any conclusion based on that
is not reliable enough.
Maybe your assumption is right, but maybe it would turn out that
you don't need to add inflation to the final results. I personally
would have to do a thorough analysis and compare the results.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 对，我没考虑inflation,所以在后来的结果里需要加上inflation rate作为最终结果，
: 这样就不需要考虑401k的cap了，因为这个cap也基本是考虑inflation才增加的
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 28 因为在计算里就是假设没有inflation，那么也不需要增加401k cap，将来的tax
bracket也不变（变的话也可以从最后的计算结果从查到适合的那项）
所以从这个计算里，结论是如果没有inflation, 6%可能是平衡点，如果考虑inflation
，把inflation rate加上去作为平衡点有什么问题么？
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: I fail to see how this can be assumed. Maybe I am slow but for me
: the assumption below is too risky and any conclusion based on that
: is not reliable enough.
: Maybe your assumption is right, but maybe it would turn out that
: you don't need to add inflation to the final results. I personally
: would have to do a thorough analysis and compare the results.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 29 No, I am an engineering guy and I am not good at doing mathematical
analysis. I either trust the conclusions by the professionals or
roughly estimate the result (with a level of uncertainty). I then
decide to have a conclusion or not have a conclusion based on the
undertainty level I feel.
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 结论只是微调了而已，主要增加考虑了退休后仍然有增值以及inflation
: 剩下的比如个人投资收益因人而异，所以没加进去，但加进去也没什么问题，在表中只
: 是个简单的加法。
: 我的确是在调整，考虑更多的东西，让结果更加可靠，但方法本身没问题,到现在为止
: 似乎没有更多大的因素没考虑进来了。你要不同意可以提出你的估计阿，我是认为计算
: 会比猜测更可信
| s********n
发帖数: 4535 | 30 你要搬出professional那我没什么好说的，不过我相信professional的结论也不是对所
有收入范围的都适用，这个问题很明显是有个平衡点，收入水平或者收益率。
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: No, I am an engineering guy and I am not good at doing mathematical
: analysis. I either trust the conclusions by the professionals or
: roughly estimate the result (with a level of uncertainty). I then
: decide to have a conclusion or not have a conclusion based on the
: undertainty level I feel.
| | | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 31 You completely missed my point.
My point is for a problem like "how much should one person contribute
in 401k" is so complex that I do not want to analyze it from a math
model. The certainty level is almost as high as pure randomness and
does not provide too much value in guidance. Although you feel your
maths is more reliable than guessing, to me the difference is not
significant enough.
Take the two points I raised previously:
1) Many people believe tax rate is rising on an inflation adjusted
【在 s********n 的大作中提到】
: 你要搬出professional那我没什么好说的，不过我相信professional的结论也不是对所
: 有收入范围的都适用，这个问题很明显是有个平衡点，收入水平或者收益率。
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 32 Kenny, you also forget you can control how much you want to
invest in 401K. Let's say your money grows too fast in 401K
and you see a risk of higher bracket in 20 years, you can
stop right there.
Roth IRA before unmatched 401K, I agree with that. But maximize
401K obviously saves the tax up front. And if you have too much
money when you retire, you always have the option to give it to
your children. Not maximize 401K, however, is tax money forever
lost. Peronsally I think whether to maximize 401
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: I feel you like to come to a conclusion too soon. You obviously didn't
: consider 401k's cap would be something like 30k in 2040.
: Your simulation obviously is on a inflation adjusted basis -- you din't
: count inflation in any of the following aspects: 401k cap, company
: matching part, tax bracket income limits, etc.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 33 What you said is true, but I believe it's just a personal preference
thing. For me, if my tax bracket is 15%, I will definitely not
contribute a penny in the unmatched 401k. I believe the cash I
save can easily earn back a mere 15% up-front tax saving. In fact,
if I invest the money in long-term index fund in a regular account,
I almost lose nothing compared to 401k. But now I have the benefit
to use the money anytime I want without penalty.
Also, there are too many uncertainties to plan into yo
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: Kenny, you also forget you can control how much you want to
: invest in 401K. Let's say your money grows too fast in 401K
: and you see a risk of higher bracket in 20 years, you can
: stop right there.
: Roth IRA before unmatched 401K, I agree with that. But maximize
: 401K obviously saves the tax up front. And if you have too much
: money when you retire, you always have the option to give it to
: your children. Not maximize 401K, however, is tax money forever
: lost. Peronsally I think whether to maximize 401
| k****n
发帖数: 1334 | 34
~~~~~~~~~版主，能给指示一下你在哪个帖子里面calculation了么？
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: This has been discussed many times before. The conclusion was to keep
: a 1:1 ratio between before tax and after tax retirement balance.
: Since 401k has a 16.5k cap and Roth has a 5k cap, and most Chinese
: like to save so much (often maxing out 401k) that their before tax
: portion significantly overweighs the after tax portion. I've also
: shown calculation that if one maxes out 401k every year, by the time
: he retires, he will have way too much money. Unless he gives the money
: to children, his tax brac
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 35 I couldn't find it. But google any 401k calculator and you will
find the following scenario:
30 year old, retires at 65, maxing out 401k ever year, company
match 3300/yr, APY 8%.
This guy will have $3,311,791.11 at age 65. He can theoretically
take $310,244.55 out each year and live until 90.
If we lower the APY to 6%, he will still have $2,121,094.17 at
65 and needs to use $165,926.24 per year to live until 90.
【在 k****n 的大作中提到】
:
: ~~~~~~~~~版主，能给指示一下你在哪个帖子里面calculation了么？
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 36 I agree with your strategy for 15%, 25%, 28%.
However, most chinese on this board are in 25% bracket for single income,
28% for double income. That's when people worry about these problems.
And if household is below 68K, then the budget is really tight,
and I'd still recommend save some into 401K if possible, maybe not full
16.5K.
IMHO Investment strategy should not be only based on tax rate. You have
to think of uncertainty too. If you have too much money when you retire, you
pay a higher tax r
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: What you said is true, but I believe it's just a personal preference
: thing. For me, if my tax bracket is 15%, I will definitely not
: contribute a penny in the unmatched 401k. I believe the cash I
: save can easily earn back a mere 15% up-front tax saving. In fact,
: if I invest the money in long-term index fund in a regular account,
: I almost lose nothing compared to 401k. But now I have the benefit
: to use the money anytime I want without penalty.
: Also, there are too many uncertainties to plan into yo
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 37 I am not anti-saving, I am just anti-401k.
For 15%-tax people, as I mentioned, they can save using a regular
investment account. It is just a better choice in my personal
view. Note that 15% tax bracket pays 5% tax on long term
capital gain. It won't beat 401k, but it's fairly close.
In financial hardship, I don't think any retirement plan (even
Roth) can beat a regular investment account in life-saving
ability.
you
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: I agree with your strategy for 15%, 25%, 28%.
: However, most chinese on this board are in 25% bracket for single income,
: 28% for double income. That's when people worry about these problems.
: And if household is below 68K, then the budget is really tight,
: and I'd still recommend save some into 401K if possible, maybe not full
: 16.5K.
: IMHO Investment strategy should not be only based on tax rate. You have
: to think of uncertainty too. If you have too much money when you retire, you
: pay a higher tax r
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 38 I think one can withdraw 401K early without penalty if he
is disabled.
That's certainly an advantage.
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: I am not anti-saving, I am just anti-401k.
: For 15%-tax people, as I mentioned, they can save using a regular
: investment account. It is just a better choice in my personal
: view. Note that 15% tax bracket pays 5% tax on long term
: capital gain. It won't beat 401k, but it's fairly close.
: In financial hardship, I don't think any retirement plan (even
: Roth) can beat a regular investment account in life-saving
: ability.
:
: you
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 39 but you can withdraw regular investment without penalty disabled
or not disabled.
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: I think one can withdraw 401K early without penalty if he
: is disabled.
: That's certainly an advantage.
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 40 As I said, if you are low income people, you worry about worst
case senario. Whatever tax money you can save upfront is a big
advantage. That's just my 2 cents.
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: but you can withdraw regular investment without penalty disabled
: or not disabled.
| | | K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 41 In most worst-case scenarios, you are not disabled but unemployed.
What do you plan to do with the money in 401k?
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: As I said, if you are low income people, you worry about worst
: case senario. Whatever tax money you can save upfront is a big
: advantage. That's just my 2 cents.
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 42 You rollover to IRA and withdraw from there.
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: In most worst-case scenarios, you are not disabled but unemployed.
: What do you plan to do with the money in 401k?
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 43 http://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investment_products/retirement/individual_iras/withdrawals/withdrawal_rules_roth
Step 2 – Conversions
Amounts which were converted from a traditional IRA are taken out next on a
first-in, first-out basis. Withdrawals of these amounts are tax-free but
are subject to a penalty within five years of the conversion date.
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: You rollover to IRA and withdraw from there.
| g*****g
发帖数: 34805 | 44 You are probably going to qualify some exception like health
insurance, monthly home loan payment when you are unemployed.
a
【在 K****D 的大作中提到】
: http://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investment_products/retirement/individual_iras/withdrawals/withdrawal_rules_roth
: Step 2 – Conversions
: Amounts which were converted from a traditional IRA are taken out next on a
: first-in, first-out basis. Withdrawals of these amounts are tax-free but
: are subject to a penalty within five years of the conversion date.
| K****D
发帖数: 30533 | 45 It doesn't cover food, gas, toilet paper etc. The restrictions are
very tight.
My point, as you have already seen, is regular investment account
is the most flexible format in financial hardship. 401k is designed
for retirement purpose and becomes inconvenient when used for
other purposes. For 15% tax bracket my personal preference is
a well-managed regular investment account as the main cushion.
Only if you still have money left and are sure after retirement
your tax bracket won't be above 15%,
【在 g*****g 的大作中提到】
: You are probably going to qualify some exception like health
: insurance, monthly home loan payment when you are unemployed.
:
: a
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