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China’s High-Speed Crash Leads to Legitimacy Crisis
China has had its share of high-profile failures (and successes) of late,
but a recent high-speed rail crash has shaken the people’s confidence more
than past mishaps.
By Megan Shank and Jeffrey Wasserstrom
COMMENTS | PRINT | SHARE
China’s High-Speed Crash Leads to Legitimacy Crisis
A recent deadly high-speed rail accident has shaken the legitimacy of China'
s government in a way nothing else has in the past several years. But will
this bring about the change China's populace wants or needs? (Photos.com)
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As their peers elsewhere, young Chinese readers have devoured the Harry
Potter series. They would doubtless flock to see the final film that debuted
in dozens of other foreign markets July 13. But in China, the film’s
release has been delayed — and not for the usual political reasons. Harry
Potter, after all, features a story Chinese leaders should enjoy: a small
band of committed followers triumphs over great odds (shades of the Long
March and the road to the 1949 founding of the People’s Republic of China)
and a time of chaos gives way to peace and prosperity (reminiscent of China
’s Reform era rise to greatness after 100 years of foreign bullying and the
ensuing traumas of the Cultural Revolution).
Instead of Harry and Hermione, President Hu and company have made sure that
most screen space in China is set aside for one of their latest high-cost
pet projects, Beginning of the Great Revival: The Founding of a Party, a
star-studded epic commemorating the 90-year anniversary of the founding of
the Chinese Communist Party. The film has left audiences cold and full of
complaints. For many, it feels like a throwback to more benighted times, of
being forced to watch low-quality entertainment to prove one’s political
loyalty.
This grumbling was nothing compared to the fury that erupted last weekend in
regard to a very different high-cost vanity project — China’s much-
vaunted, but trouble-plagued of late, high-speed trains.
On July 23, a high-speed train stalled on a viaduct outside the city of
Wenzhou. Another high-speed train rear-ended it. Four carriages fell, and
officially 39 people died and about 200 were injured. The Central Propaganda
Department demanded the press accept official accounts without question.
They advanced the theme “in the face of tragedy, there is great love.”
Before the ruined trains had cooled, authorities began burying the wreckage.
Chinese Netizens apparently didn’t get the message about accepting the
official line. Taking to Chinese microblogs, called weibos, they challenged
the quick burial and other government decisions. On these Twitter-like sites
, Chinese people have posted 26 million messages on the tragedy, according
to The New York Times. And official discouragement or not, Chinese media has
beefed up its questions.
Train crashes can happen anywhere, so what is significant about the July 23
crash?
In recent years, China has suffered a series of man-made calamities and
natural disasters. Many have been exacerbated by human error. These have led
to angry online discourse and sometimes even street protests that
ultimately could have posed a serious threat to the government. So far,
Beijing has navigated the tumult and emerged with little damage to its
legitimacy. We believe this moment is different — and not just because it
took Wen Jiabao, the leadership’s go-to guy in crisis situations (also
known as “Grandpa Wen” for his bedside manners), several days longer than
usual to reach the scene. This time a few compassionate words to families of
victims, and the identification of a few suitable scapegoats, seem unlikely
to suffice.
This could be the end of the confident era ushered in by the successful
hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games; it could undo the post-Tiananmen
social contract between the Chinese government and Chinese citizens that has
allowed the political status quo to remain in place longer than expected.
Milk powder and dog food have never been the stuff of national pride. So
when quality issues arose with those and other prosaic made-in-China
products, national government officials managed to shrug them off. They
fingered private industries, put away a handful of corrupt local officials
and insisted that the root problem wasn’t the political system but the
Chinese value system — a few bad characters sullying the reputation of a
country on the rise.
The government didn’t entirely escape scrutiny, but Hu Jintao and company
didn’t face the kind of media maelstrom that’s grown since the high-speed
collision.
The government’s own build-up is partly to blame for this. They presented
the high-speed trains — along with the Chinese space program, the
organization of the biggest and baddest Olympics ever and a World Expo with
the largest footprint in the history of bread-and-circus spectacles — as
yet more evidence that China was a nation to be reckoned with. China still
smarts from its humiliation at the hands of foreign powers; these projects
have provided salve to wounded national pride. That the Chinese trains were
seen as an improvement on the famous bullet trains of regional rival Japan
only sweetened the success.
But now as the Internet buzzes with chatter expressing sorrow for the dead
and outrage at the government for its alleged cover-up, that salve has dried
up and new wounds fester. How can a country that claims it’s bound for
greatness order reporters to desist investigating the biggest news story in
the nation? The demand for greater transparency, which has simmered below
the surface with each previous scandal, is beginning to boil.
Coming on the heels of other problems and missteps in recent years (reports
of the children of leaders using their connections to keep themselves immune
from punishment for misdeeds, widespread conviction that the reason so many
children died during 2008′s Sichuan earthquake was because officials and
developers had made dubious deals that led to shoddily-built schools, and so
on), the fall-out from this disaster threatens to call into question the
whole social contract that’s been in place since 1989. If a Hollywood hack
pitched the story, they’d say it’s the Challenger disaster meets Watergate
— a single event that calls into question not just machinery but an
administration’s veracity and motivation.
The Tiananmen trade-off, while not this explicit, amounted to this: The
government pledged to undertake strenuous efforts to provide more commercial
comforts and allow greater personal — if not political — freedoms in
exchange for deference to its authority. Although some were undeniably left
behind in the positive changes government policies wrought, millions of
Chinese lives improved — at least materially. It began with televisions and
meat for dinner. Now it’s iPhones and Pizza Hut. The Olympics, with its
motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger,” was a peak moment for this, as venues
were built in record speed, the gold medal count soared and a reinvigorated
nation impressed the world.
Lately, though, the main thing that has seemed “higher” is the prices. The
government’s strength has been called into question by its skittishness in
the face of ghostly Internet calls for a Chinese counterpart to the Jasmine
protests. And as for “faster,” well, this brings us back to the trains.
In the Western narrative, heroic leaders led by principles inspire people to
agitate for transformative change. Ai Weiwei and Liu Xiaobo have become
international media darlings for their efforts to subvert the system. We,
too, admire them, but wonder, however courageous they have shown themselves
to be, if their actions have much resonance outside of a circle of elite
intellectuals.
The real impetus for change in the end may not be about principles but about
pragmatism — a desire for basic creature comforts, a modicum of privacy
and government officials that will help, not harm, its citizens.
Chinese want to take their kids to see Harry Potter, not the latest
propaganda picture. The rallying call may not be for a China that is more
like any other country but one that has authorities ready to treat its
citizens like grown-ups, giving them straight talk about problems when
things go wrong, whether tainted milk power or train crashes.
In other words, the real threat to the Party is its own inability to live up
to its promises to deliver harmony, safety and stability. |
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