h**c
发帖数: 1979 | 1 http://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-domi
1. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China
Weighted fractional count (WFC): 1357.82
Established in 1949 in Beijing, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the
world’s largest scientific organisation, comprising 114 institutes and 48,
500 researchers. In 2015 its scientists made the largest contribution to
high-quality research included in the index, a contribution that’s grown by
a compound annual growth rate of 6.8% since 2012. Last year, one of the
oldest CAS research centres, the Institute of Chemistry, founded in 1956,
was also one of the largest contributing departments to the institute’s
weighted fractional count. Lei Jiang, from the Institute of Chemistry, says:
“Chemistry and materials science are currently strong in China because
they were relatively easy subjects to start researching back in the 1980s.
They didn’t need expensive equipment. If you look at nanoscience as an
example, around half of the top scientists in global nanoscience are Chinese
scientists who were educated during this period.”
2. Harvard University, United States
WFC: 772.33
As the second most prolific institution in the Index, and the most prolific
university, Harvard University owes two-thirds of its research output to
contributions made in the life sciences. Recognising the growth of
interdisciplinary research areas such as translational medicine in the life
sciences, Harvard has responded by developing an integrated PhD programme
that facilitates cross-disciplinary academic and research collaboration. The
Harvard Medical School (HMS), established in 1782, is one of the discipline
’s high-fliers. Since the 1930s, fifteen researchers from HMS have shared
in nine Nobel Prizes. For the most recent of them, in 2009, Jack Szostak
discovered how telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and protect them from
degradation, opening up new lines of enquiry into ageing and cancer research
. While last year, a popular piece of research from Harvard’s sleep
medicine department highlighted the negative effects of light-emitting e-
readers on sleep quality.
3. French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
WFC: 699.45
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) is the largest
fundamental research organisation in Europe, comprising ten institutions
with more than 32,000 researchers, engineers and technicians. The physical
sciences made up more than a third of the contributions to the Index in 2015
. In recent years the CNRS has become a key player in planetary science.
CNRS engineers have been remotely operating and maintaining instruments on
board NASA’s Curiosity Rover, which has been exploring Mars since 2012. The
mission lead to the confirmation late last year that liquid water currently
flows on the planet. This year CNRS researcher Franck Montmessin is leading
the European Space Agency’s mission ExoMars 2016 to investigate the planet
’s atmosphere and find evidence of past life beneath its surface.
4. Max Planck Society, Germany
WFC: 655.67
Ranked fourth in the Nature Index, the Max Planck Society has the physical
sciences to thank for its high position. Since 1914, physics researchers at
Max Planck, a government-funded association of research institute, have won
nine Nobel Prizes. The society is named after the quantum theorist, Max
Planck, the institute’s second Nobel recipient in 1918, four years after
Max von Laue won for his pioneering work in X-ray crystallography. During
the Second World War, Laue’s gold medal was dissolved in acid to prevent
discovery by the Nazis, and then recast by the Nobel Society after the war.
Today, two institutes stand out in terms of research output in the index:
the polymer and solid state research units. Last year, nanochemistry
scientists focusing on solid-state research published a paper in Advanced
Materials that explored moisture-sensitive technology and its potential use
in touchless screens.
5. Stanford University, United States
WFC: 530.83
When Stanford University opened its doors to students in 1891, it became one
of America’s first non-sectarian, co-educational private colleges.
Stanford’s first president, David Starr Jordan, said: “Work in applied
science is to be carried out side-by-side with the pure sciences and
humanities, and to be equally fostered.” This attitude remains true today
as research output is equally balanced between all the disciplines. The
university is also credited for its entrepreneurial spirit. During the 1950s
, the University leased land to a new industrial park that went on to become
Silicon Valley. To this day, Stanford researchers continue this legacy of
real-world influence. Howard Rose, a Stanford residential fellow and CEO of
Deep Stream VR, is currently developing a virtual reality app called Cool!
that is designed to immerse patients in a world that enables them to manage
chronic pain without drugs.
6. University of Tokyo, Japan
WFC: 487.03
Last year’s Nobel Prize for Physics went to Takaaki Kajita, the director of
the University of Tokyo’s Institute for Cosmic Ray Research. But UTokyo is
not resting on its laurels. The university is focused on opening its doors
to the outside world by welcoming international collaborations, foreign
staff and students, and closer relationships with business. The institute’s
latest high-profile research reflects this gearshift. UTokyo’s Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences was involved in a decade-long project with four
countries to establish the presence of a giant ocean that wraps Saturn’s
moon, Encheladus, beneath its crust.
7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
WFC: 483.62
This year marks a hundred years since the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) moved from Boston to Cambridge in the US. The move ushered
in an age of achievement, from the first chemical synthesis of penicillin to
building the magnetic core memory that made digital computers possible. The
university’s is known for its hands-on approach to teaching and research -
students are given a practical-based education in science, technology and
related areas of scholarship - appears to be on the money. A 2015 report
suggested that 30,000 companies founded by MIT alumni were active as of 2014
, employing 4.6 million people and producing annual revenues of $1.9
trillion, equivalent to the world’s 10th largest economy. Eighty-five
present and former members of the MIT community have won the Nobel Prize,
including nine current faculty members.
8. Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany
WFC: 413.71
The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres is the country’s
largest scientific organisation with almost 38,000 employees and an annual
budget of nearly billion. Their research output is dominated by the
physical sciences, and last year the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
had the biggest impact on the association’s overall ranking in the index.
KIT was officially founded in 2009 when the Karlsruhe Research Center and
University of Karlsruhe merged. In a recent paper in Nature Photonics, KIT
researchers demonstrated a way to store optical information that could
dramatically reduce the power consumption and increase the speed of optical
communication networks.
9. University of Oxford, United Kingdom
WFC: 398.38
Having produced 16 Nobel Laureates in medicine since 1932, the University of
Oxford has a long pedigree in the life sciences. More than 30% of
contributions to the most recent Nature Index come from this discipline. In
the 21st century, the university focuses on a wide range of fascinating
aspects of the life sciences from clinical practice in modern medicine to
epidemiological and genetic studies. For example, researchers are currently
exploring the negative effects of loud noise in an intensive care unit.
Another group of scientists whose research is soon to published, have
recently sequenced seven genomes of the Brazilian Zika virus taken from
seven different individuals infected with the virus to determine when and
where it entered the Americas.
10. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
WFC: 390.54
A strong showing in the physical sciences has helped put the University of
Cambridge in the Nature Index top ten. One of the key contributors to the
university’s research output is the Cavendish Laboratory, which is the
largest physics department in the UK and birthplace of ground-breaking
discoveries such as the structure of DNA, and the splitting the atom.
According to Professor Andy Parker, head of the Cavendish Laboratory: “The
laboratory’s strength comes from the very wide range of research performed,
from cosmology, through solid state and nanoscience, to the physics of
medicine, backed up by world-class facilities, and the freedom given to its
staff to pursue their own directions. This bottom-up approach to research
strategy has proved its worth over many decades.” | T******y
发帖数: 14506 | 2 我老高瞻远瞩、明确指出、掷地有声、美帝惊呆：中国科研靠华大，华大科研靠
illumina | h**c
发帖数: 1979 | 3 华大已经有山寨版illumina了吧？又一项技术白菜化了。
【在 T******y 的大作中提到】
: 我老高瞻远瞩、明确指出、掷地有声、美帝惊呆：中国科研靠华大，华大科研靠
: illumina
| m**d
发帖数: 21441 | 4 illumina 是什么
【在 T******y 的大作中提到】
: 我老高瞻远瞩、明确指出、掷地有声、美帝惊呆：中国科研靠华大，华大科研靠
: illumina
| y******9
发帖数: 1392 | 5 怎么看着反倒是黑了harvard了呢，2/3的harvard研究都是靠千老在忽悠，纳米材料科
学是国之基础吧，生物才是灌水的专业。 | b******3
发帖数: 4385 | 6 不是说东京大学现在不如清华北大了嘛，这排名数据准吗 | x****o
发帖数: 21566 | 7 超薄抗菌纳米丝袜
【在 y******9 的大作中提到】
: 怎么看着反倒是黑了harvard了呢，2/3的harvard研究都是靠千老在忽悠，纳米材料科
: 学是国之基础吧，生物才是灌水的专业。
| T******y
发帖数: 14506 | 8 测序公司，
【在 m**d 的大作中提到】
: illumina 是什么
| f****e
发帖数: 24964 | 9 纳米也成了国之基础了, 比生物还不靠谱
【在 y******9 的大作中提到】
: 怎么看着反倒是黑了harvard了呢，2/3的harvard研究都是靠千老在忽悠，纳米材料科
: 学是国之基础吧，生物才是灌水的专业。
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