e*c
发帖数: 395 | 1 海水变油，成本3到6刀一加仑。预计8到10年后可以海试。这个成了以后是不是驱逐舰
也能靠航母加油了？
http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fl
Fueling the Fleet, Navy Looks to the Seas
09/24/2012 07:00 EDT - 117-12r
Contact: Daniel Parry, (202) 767-2541
Refueling U.S. Navy vessels, at sea and underway, is a costly endeavor in
terms of logistics, time, fiscal constraints and threats to national
security and sailors at sea.
In Fiscal Year 2011, the U.S. Navy Military Sea Lift Command, the primary
supplier of fuel and oil to the U.S. Navy fleet, delivered nearly 600
million gallons of fuel to Navy vessels underway, operating 15 fleet
replenishment oilers around the globe.
Refueling Navy vessels at sea can prove in many ways to be a costly endeavor
. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing the chemistry for
producing jet fuel from renewable resources in theater. The process
envisioned would catalytically convert CO2 and H2 directly to liquid
hydrocarbon fuel used as JP-5.
(U.S. Navy Military Sea Lift Command)
From Seawater to CO2
Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory are developing a process to
extract carbon dioxide (CO2) and produce hydrogen gas (H2) from seawater,
subsequently catalytically converting the CO2 and H2 into jet fuel by a gas-
to-liquids process.
"The potential payoff is the ability to produce JP-5 fuel stock at sea
reducing the logistics tail on fuel delivery with no environmental burden
and increasing the Navy's energy security and independence," says research
chemist, Dr. Heather Willauer.
NRL has successfully developed and demonstrated technologies for the
recovery of CO2 and the production of H2 from seawater using an
electrochemical acidification cell, and the conversion of CO2 and H2 to
hydrocarbons (organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon) that can
be used to produce jet fuel.
"The reduction and hydrogenation of CO2 to form hydrocarbons is accomplished
using a catalyst that is similar to those used for Fischer-Tropsch
reduction and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide," adds Willauer. "By
modifying the surface composition of iron catalysts in fixed-bed reactors,
NRL has successfully improved CO2 conversion efficiencies up to 60 percent."
A Renewable Resource
CO2 is an abundant carbon (C) resource in the air and in seawater, with the
concentration in the ocean about 140 times greater than that in air. Two to
three percent of the CO2 in seawater is dissolved CO2 gas in the form of
carbonic acid, one percent is carbonate, and the remaining 96 to 97 percent
is bound in bicarbonate. If processes are developed to take advantage of the
higher weight per volume concentration of CO2 in seawater, coupled with
more efficient catalysts for the heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 and H2, a
viable sea-based synthetic fuel process can be envisioned. "With such a
process, the Navy could avoid the uncertainties inherent in procuring fuel
from foreign sources and/or maintaining long supply lines," Willauer said.
NRL has made significant advances developing carbon capture technologies in
the laboratory. In the summer of 2009 a standard commercially available
chlorine dioxide cell and an electro-deionization cell were modified to
function as electrochemical acidification cells. Using the novel cells both
dissolved and bound CO2 were recovered from seawater by re-equilibrating
carbonate and bicarbonate to CO2 gas at a seawater pH below 6. In addition
to CO2, the cells produced H2 at the cathode as a by-product.
Electrochemical Acidification Carbon Capture Skid Electrochemical
Acidification Carbon Capture Skid. The acidification cell was mounted onto a
portable skid along with a reverse osmosis unit, power supply, pump, carbon
dioxide recovery system, and hydrogen stripper to form a carbon capture
system [dimensions of 63" x 36" x 60"].
(U.S. Naval Research Laboratory)
These completed studies assessed the effects of the acidification cell
configuration, seawater composition, flow rate, and current on seawater pH
levels. The data were used to determine the feasibility of this approach for
efficiently extracting large quantities of CO2 from seawater. From these
feasibility studies NRL successfully scaled-up and integrated the carbon
capture technology into an independent skid to process larger volumes of
seawater and evaluate the overall system design and efficiencies.
The major component of the carbon capture skid is a three-chambered
electrochemical acidification cell. This cell uses small quantities of
electricity to exchange hydrogen ions produced at the anode with sodium ions
in the seawater stream. As a result, the seawater is acidified. At the
cathode, water is reduced to H2 gas and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is formed.
This basic solution may be re-combined with the acidified seawater to return
the seawater to its original pH with no additional chemicals. Current and
continuing research using this carbon capture skid demonstrates the
continuous efficient production of H2 and the recovery of up to 92 percent
of CO2 from seawater.
Located at NRL's Center for Corrosion Science & Engineering facility, Key
West, Fla., (NRLKW) the carbon capture skid has been tested using seawater
from the Gulf of Mexico to simulate conditions that will be encountered in
an actual open ocean process for capturing CO2 from seawater and producing
H2 gas. Currently NRL is working on process optimization and scale-up. Once
these are completed, initial studies predict that jet fuel from seawater
would cost in the range of $3 to $6 per gallon to produce.
How it Works: CO2 + H2 = Jet Fuel
NRL has developed a two-step process in the laboratory to convert the CO2
and H2 gathered from the seawater to liquid hydrocarbons. In the first step,
an iron-based catalyst has been developed that can achieve CO2 conversion
levels up to 60 percent and decrease unwanted methane production from 97
percent to 25 percent in favor of longer-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons (
olefins).
In the second step these olefins can be oligomerized (a chemical process
that converts monomers, molecules of low molecular weight, to a compound of
higher molecular weight by a finite degree of polymerization) into a liquid
containing hydrocarbon molecules in the carbon C9-C16 range, suitable for
conversion to jet fuel by a nickel-supported catalyst reaction.
http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/navy-aims-turn-s | G*****h
发帖数: 33134 | 2 靠，米帝写 proposal 的就是水平高啊
【在 e*c 的大作中提到】
: 海水变油，成本3到6刀一加仑。预计8到10年后可以海试。这个成了以后是不是驱逐舰
: 也能靠航母加油了？
: http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fl
: Fueling the Fleet, Navy Looks to the Seas
: 09/24/2012 07:00 EDT - 117-12r
: Contact: Daniel Parry, (202) 767-2541
: Refueling U.S. Navy vessels, at sea and underway, is a costly endeavor in
: terms of logistics, time, fiscal constraints and threats to national
: security and sailors at sea.
: In Fiscal Year 2011, the U.S. Navy Military Sea Lift Command, the primary
| b*******y
发帖数: 4304 | 3 我DIANG 搞样机的工作艰巨啊
【在 e*c 的大作中提到】
: 海水变油，成本3到6刀一加仑。预计8到10年后可以海试。这个成了以后是不是驱逐舰
: 也能靠航母加油了？
: http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fl
: Fueling the Fleet, Navy Looks to the Seas
: 09/24/2012 07:00 EDT - 117-12r
: Contact: Daniel Parry, (202) 767-2541
: Refueling U.S. Navy vessels, at sea and underway, is a costly endeavor in
: terms of logistics, time, fiscal constraints and threats to national
: security and sailors at sea.
: In Fiscal Year 2011, the U.S. Navy Military Sea Lift Command, the primary
| h*******x
发帖数: 347 | | b***n
发帖数: 1210 | 5 总过程应该是吸热的吧, 靠太阳不够, 难道靠反应堆? | h***i
发帖数: 89031 | 6 为什么一定要用碳阿
co2含量那么低
电解水，直接用氢燃料发动机比这个效率高阿
但是如果有电，直接用电动机多好，氢都不需要
【在 G*****h 的大作中提到】
: 靠，米帝写 proposal 的就是水平高啊
| s****r
发帖数: 31686 | 7 电解水的事情， 拜托你了， 你比美军刘
【在 h***i 的大作中提到】
: 为什么一定要用碳阿
: co2含量那么低
: 电解水，直接用氢燃料发动机比这个效率高阿
: 但是如果有电，直接用电动机多好，氢都不需要
| f*****g
发帖数: 3086 | 8 整体想法是用核动力发电，电解水，H2+CO2变油，
其他小船的动力系统不用大改，还是烧油。
【在 h***i 的大作中提到】
: 为什么一定要用碳阿
: co2含量那么低
: 电解水，直接用氢燃料发动机比这个效率高阿
: 但是如果有电，直接用电动机多好，氢都不需要
| l*****i
发帖数: 20533 | | m********5
发帖数: 17667 | 10 不靠谱，等这样机出来估计航母上全是$H_2$工质jet无人机
【在 e*c 的大作中提到】
: 海水变油，成本3到6刀一加仑。预计8到10年后可以海试。这个成了以后是不是驱逐舰
: 也能靠航母加油了？
: http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fl
: Fueling the Fleet, Navy Looks to the Seas
: 09/24/2012 07:00 EDT - 117-12r
: Contact: Daniel Parry, (202) 767-2541
: Refueling U.S. Navy vessels, at sea and underway, is a costly endeavor in
: terms of logistics, time, fiscal constraints and threats to national
: security and sailors at sea.
: In Fiscal Year 2011, the U.S. Navy Military Sea Lift Command, the primary
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