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发帖数: 6723 | 1 Military/Government Issued Slide Rules
These slide rules were used in Artillery and Ranging as well as Photography
in scaling targets. Aviation and Flight computers, along with Load Adjuster
Slide Rules used during WWII are located in the Aerospace Related Gallery as
many continued to be used throughout the decades following the war for
peaceful missions. Some of these slide rule images are duplicated on their
respective manufacturer or country pages.
WWII Submarine
Coning Tower (1943).
British RAF liaison officers at US 8th Air Force Bomber Command (1942)
Senior Sergeant Mikhail Kalashnikov (Kalasnyikov) the inventor of the
automatic rifle named after him and designed in 1947
Instructor shows use of E6-B for Navigation Training at Kelley Field, TX (
1942)
German Enigma Being Decoded 1940 The Secret War by Brian Johnson 1979
BBC TV Series The Great War - No25 Artillery Slide Rule
Air Traffic Controller The World At War Sep 1939-April 1944
Communications Post Fort Bragg, By Bernard Hoffman, Life
WWII British WAAF with Weather Slide Rule
German Luftwaffe Crew Plotting Course Using Dreieckrechner
More military images may be found on the Historical Photos, People with SRs
and Ephemera Gallery
Alex E. S. Green Slide Rules
Designed by necessity and implemented during WWII for B-29 Crews.
REF Green Ship Length Computer Green Ship Length Computer
Made in USA by Alex. E.S. Green during WWII
For determining the size of Japanese ships, used in conjunction with the B-
29 Gun sights. This slide rule was used to find the elusive Japanese
battleship Yamato
REF Green Flight Engineers Computer Green Flight Engineers Computer
Made in USA by Alex. E.S. Green during WWII.
For maximizing the fuel range of B-29 Gun during long over-water missions.
Created after the B-29 crew that found the Japanese fleet ran out of gas and
had to land in Xian, China
Mo. Mattei Regolo Di Convergenza (Artllery)
ISRM 15.09.27.01
Nicola Marras - Italy. Collector, promotes through exibits and educational
courses the memory of old calculating devices and ancient navigation systems
. Nicola wants young people to understand that the world as we see now,
skyscrapers, highways, atomic power, space exploration and the electronic
computer, was possible because of simple tools like slide rules. His main
event every year is the exibit at Cagliari festivalScienza. His goal is the
construction of a permanent museum of calculus. Nicola Marras's Calcolatoria
Website (both in Italian and English). Mo. Mattei Regolo Di Convergenza (
Artllery)
Made in Italy by Mo. Mattei
Front Scale: 48cm// b [ d , β(1600-3199), β(1600-1) ϒ] b/D \ 1:25000
Back Slide: [ Sen.ε, Cos.ε, tg.ε, L ]
Back: Instructions (Italian)
Gift of Nicola, Marras.
J.A. Nicholl & Co. APP OBS CF Fire Slide Rule MKVI 1917 (Artllery)
ISRM 15.06.25.01
Philip Rodley is an avid Collector and contributor of slide rules to ISRM.
Phil used a slide rule for one year at high school before calculators came
in. He then spent 18 years working as a telephone linesman and later 18
years assembling and testing 11,000 volt circuit breakers. In all those
years he never needed to use a slide rule, but recently has begun enjoying
relearning slide rules and logarithms. J.A. Nicholl & Co. APP OBS CF Fire
Slide Rule MKVI 1917 (Artillery)
Made in London, England by J.A. Nicholl & Co.
Aluminum construction
Front Scale: 3 decade (K) scale [ 3 decade (K) Minutes in apex angle, or
Battery Range in Yards]
Back Scale: 3 decade (K) scale (yards) [ Sin ]
Back: Instructions (Italian)
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upperhutt, New Zealand
K&E Short Base Triangulation Rule USArmy
ISRM 04.06.15.01
Initials: USBR K&E Short Base Triangulation Rule US Army
Made in U.S.A. for the US Army - 20" long
Front Scale: Aux Angle "A", Mils [ Vertex Angle "t" mils, base "b" ] Range "
R"
Back Scale: [ Vertex Angle "t" mils, base "b" ]
Cursor: 2 hairlines Meters/Yards
REF K&E M4 Graphical Firing Table Slide Rule - 1943 K&E M4 Graphical
Firing Table - WWII
Made in U.S.A. by K&E for the US Army, 1943
18.25" long x 2.75" wide.x 0.62" Thick
Notes: The scales are obviously for artillery calculations. There are three
slides for ranging the 75mm and 155mm Howitzer with various charges. There
is a C and D scale which qualifies the rule as a slide rule. The rule is of
the Mannheim type. The base of the rule is mahogany with a lighter wood used
for the stators. The surface of the wood is painted and the scales are
screened on.
Archive - Clark McCoy Collection
ISRM Howitzer 155mm Graphical Firing Table Slide Rules
Set of 5 - 1972/1974 Vietnam Era
Made in U.S.A. for the US Army, - 18" long x 3.5" wide x 0.25 Thick stock.
These are more of a nomograph than a typical slide rule. The specimens were
used by a Sgt. Woodard and exposure to the elements in Vietnam have caused
the stock to expand and the cursor to shrink making them now unusable. The
stress has caused a couple of the riveted plastic cursors to crack and break
. A visitor, Paul, to ISRM explains that the hand-written black markings "B
1/230" on some of the rules stand for B(ravo) Battery (Btry), 1st Battalion
(Bn), 230th Field Artillery (FA).
Howitzer 155mm Oct1972 GFT Charge 2 & 4
Howitzer 155mm Oct1972 GFT Charge 5 & 6
Howitzer 155mm Oct1972 GFT Charge 7 & 8
Howitzer 155mm Mar1974 GFT Projectile Illumination Charge 2 & 3
Howitzer 155mm Mar1974 GFT Projectile Illuminating Charge 5 & 7
Howitzer 155mm Oct1972 GFT HighAngle Charge 7P
FM 6-40 USMC Manual (27.3Mb) See Page 7-25 for info on GFTs
M114A1 155mm Artillery Crew Vietnam
Overview: To eliminate the difficulties in computing firing data that result
from the need to interpolate, the graphical firing table was created. The
GFT provides all the information needed to compute firing data in a slide
rule form.
Parts: All GFTs are made in two parts.. The rule is a rectangular wooden
base on which is printed one or more sets of scales. With a few exceptions,
GFTs are printed on both sides. The second part of the GFT is the cursor.
This is a transparent plastic square that slides on the rule. Engraved in
the plastic of the cursor is a manufacturer's hairline used to determine
values from the scales.
Types: The basic GFT format is the same for all weapons. These formats may
be divided into three types: low-angle GFTs, high-angle GFTs, and shell
illuminating GFTs.
Identification. All GFTs are labeled for identification. The first line of
the label on low- and high-angle GFTs indicates the type weapon in bold type
; that is, HOW 155mm. Immediately below the weapon type, in smaller print,
is the identification of the TFT on which the GFT is based; for example, "
155AM2." This is followed by the projectile type and nomenclature, such as "
HEM107." The last line of identification of low-angle GFTs tells the charge
for which the GFT may be used, such as "CHARGE 4." High-angle GFTs indicate
the trajectory "HIGH ANGLE." Shell illuminating GFTs reverse the label with
"PROJECTILE ILLUMINATING" on the top and the weapon type on the bottom.
To read more about a 155mm Field Artillery unit in Vietnam see The 1/92nd
Field Artillery Association website.
155mm Ordanance
Geo. W. Richardson Ballistic Slide Rule Model of 1917
ISRM 04.11.09.01
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Geo. W. Richardson Ballistic Slide Rule Model of 1917
Made in USA by Geo. W. Richardson for J. H. Weil & Co.
Front Scale: A (Yards or Meters) [ B (Mils) C ] D (Yards or Meters)
Back Scale: [ B (Mils) C ]
Note: This was not designed for a sliding cursor
C01 USSR Artillery Ranging USSR Soviet Artillery Ranging
Made in USSR
Front Scale
tg, tg, 10K [Sin1-00, Sin0-10, 10K] Tables
Archive Photo - No longer in collection
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Fesenthal (Dalton) Dead Reckoning Computer (c1940-1944) Type E6B U.S. Army
Version WWII
ISRM 14.07.02.12
Fesenthal (Dalton) Dead Reckoning Computer - Type E6B
Military Version made of Black Anodized Aluminum
Made in USA by G. Fesenthal & Sons, cWWII
Invented by Philip Dalton, LTJG (1903 - 1941) Patent: 2,097,116
Front Scale: Distance Naut Miles, True Air Speed (Time Min, Hrs, Density
Altitude, Air Temp )
Back Scale: Wind Correction Angle( True Heading )
Original owner/user (written on sleeve): R.F. Cassidy, Lt. Col. U.S. Army (
See bio below)
Gifted by the Ed Millis Collection, Dallas, Texas.
From Eyes of Artillery: The Origins of Modern U.S. Army Aviation in World
War II (76MB PDF) by Edgar F. Raines, Jr.
R.F. Cassidy, Lt. Col (Later Major) is mentioned thropuight the text. [pg72]
Robert F. Cassidy graduated from West Point in 1939 and was later a 1st Lt.
in the 38th Field Artillery Battalion. Cassidy had washed out of primary
flight training, but as battalion reconnaissance officer he often flew with
the Army Air Forces observer squadrons. He knew every ripple of ground and
every firing position at the Leon Springs Reservation. He had, moreover, a
genuine flair for fire direction. In the comparative tests of observers
before the arrival of the Army Air Forces squadron, Cassidy established the
best record. Once airbornc in an L-4 he took an average of two minutes to
bring fire on target. In contrast, Army Air Forces observers first had to
locate the firing battalion, which sometimes proved difficult. They also did
not always find the target. When they did, they required an average of
twenty-five minutes to adjust fire on the first target and an additional
seven minutes on another. The contrast in performance led the members of
Flight B to make Cassidy an honorary member of the Class Before One. [g124]
Cassidy headed the new air-observation post concept with the 2nd Division,
and took the Field Artillery pilot course and graduated on 6 March 1944 with
Pilot Class 17. [pg252] In the Southwest Pacific Area, June 1944-September
1945, General Douglas MacArthur did not place an artillery air officer on
his staff, but during the last fifteen months of the war, he acquired two
field army headquarters that exercised operational control over ground units
. Each of these contained an artillery air officer - Maj. James McCord in
Sixth Army and Lt. Col. Robert F. Cassidy in Eighth Army. [pg288] Cassidy as
, a Major, later became the Tactics and Gunnery Division and then as a Lt.
Col., the executive officer of the Division of Flight Training, a post he
held until 6 May 1944, when he became the artillery air officer of U.S.
Second Army with headquarters at Memphis, Tennessee. He co-authored athe
manual on Technical and Tactical Training of the Field Artillery Sections
1983). Army Ground Forces Light Aviation, redesignated Army Aviation in 1949
, owed its existence to the wartime exploits of thousands of air-observation
-post pilots, mechanics, and observers. These men had an opportunity to
contribute to the war effort because of the actions of ficld grade aviators
such as R.F. Cassidy. Col. Cassidy (retired) was interviewed by the author
during 1991.
Go to the Aviation Related Slide Rules Gallery to see all other military and
commercial air navigation computers.
REF Japanese Gunnery Correction Slide Rule Japanese Gunnery Correction
Slide Rule
Made in Japan - 1936 pre WWII
Front Scale
tg, tg, 10K [Sin1-00, Sin0-10, 10K] Tables
Archive - Image from Duke University, Gessler Collection
A combination slide-rule/nomograph forcalculating ballistics corrections for
temperature, barometric pressure, vertical and horizontal wind and muzzle
velocities. Probably used in land-based Army operations in China. Weighing
16 pounds it measures 30x38x2.5 cm. It has a thick wooden base, thick bronze
or copper dovetail slides (with matching serial numbers 26), and white
brass faceplates. Three sliding scales are side-by-side, with a fourth
sliding scale inserted in the center slide.
Hemmi "Sun" Type 98 Maneuvering Slide Rule c1938
ISRM 14.09.25.01
Japanese Battleship YAMATO
Another of these slide rules was discovered in a bunker, located under a
mountain behind the old Taura pyrotechnic factory, which manufactered
torpedos during WWII, and stored them within. The buildings are currently
part of the Maritime Self-Defense Force Yokosuka Zosamu depot and Akebono
Machinery Co., Ltd. The bunker with its network of tunnels is not open to
the public. See Yakumo's blog (in Japanese). Google will do a decent
translation. Hemmi "Sun" Type 98 Maneuvering Slide Rule
Made in Japan by "SUN"
Background: "Type 98" denotes that it was created in AD1938 (Koki or Jimmu
Era 2598), which is 1938 in western calendars. The type 98 Movement rule, is
a polar coordinate measuring system and was designed to calculate tracking
and range data between two moving ships (or objects) to, possibly, provide
input to the Type 98 Hoiban and Shagekiban Low Angle Fire Control computer
which was specially designed for the Yamato class of battleships (the Yamato
and Murushi). It could also have been used as the primary calculator for
the smaller guns that were not connected the the electromechanical computers
on the main battery of guns. This slide rule could also have been used for
Ship-to-Shore or Shore-to-Ship bombardement as well. Another feature of this
slide rule is that the Maneuvering Board, with its rotating dial on the
slide, can be used to determine course corrections and wind drift. Handy if
the battleship Yamato or an aircraft carrier, is to launch an aircraft, it
will calculate the best heading into the wind. Submarines, would also use a
similar device to calculate intercept vectors. The design of this slide rule
mimics the maneuvering board/tables of the Allies, designed in 1920, and is
still in use today. The center of the dial is 'My' or 'Own' ship.
Scales and markings translated by Jiro Higuchi
Front Scale
Relative Coarse Angle // Speed of My Ship [ Speed of Standard Ship, Distance
(Logarithmic Scale) nautical mile/Meters, ] Velocity \ Velocity Ratio
Back Slide: Time Board, Distance by reading Hour/Nautical Mile or Minutes/
Meters
Well: Velocity Ratio =>1, Angle of course alteration, Velocity Ratio =<1
Case: Naugahyde with military division "Air Armament 9/90"
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
Phillip Rodley
REF V2 Rocket Ballistic Ranging Slide Rule
REF V2 Rocket at Pennemünde
Note from ISRM curator, Mike Konshak, who is certified to build and fly high
powered rockets: On the V-2 Rocket slide rule, all the scales are a
variation of High vertical climb (maximum altitude), maximum range, burn
closing speed. The V2 ballistic missile would shut off its motor at some
point in its flight (burn closing speed) which was the maximum velocity at
that point, which was determined by it s inertial guidance system. This
would vary based on the desired range. At that point it went from the boost
phase to the coast phase and begin slowing down due to parasitic drag and
fell (still very fast) to its intended target. It was was not very accurate
as it only went in the compass direction it was told to go. Full cutoff
determined the range. This slide rule was not very different from other
artillery calculators.
V2 Rocket Ballistic Ranging Slide Rule - c1942
Made in Germany - Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde (Army Research Center
Peenemünde)
Scales: Interpretation provided by Dr. Klaus Schug, as follows:
From distance from Pennemünde to London is about 950 KM or almost 600 miles
. This would be the Maximale Reichweite = 950 KM. Its maximum vertical
height was between 50 to 60 miles (80 to 95 KM) for long-range targets. This
would be the senkrechte Steighöhe = say 90 KM.
I. zur senkr Steighohe - Vertical height in meters. Using 9.0 or 90,000
meters = 90 KM as the heigth for reaching London from Peenemünde to London
II. zur Maximale Reichweite - Using 90 KM (9x10*4) on scale I , then scale
II would read about 7000 kg/m*2 = Ballistische belastung = 5163.2 lb.ft of
load or stress on the rocket
III. senkrechte Steighohe - Looks like this scale was only for very short
distances up to 80 KM using the top of scale IV as the distance desired and
then looking at III to see how high up the rocket had to go to reach the
distances on the top of scale IV.
IV. Maximale Reichweite - using this scale with III gave the maximum
distance for the height in scale III.
V. zur max. Reichw. - Using the bottom of the scale, scale V, to hit longer
distances, say 950 KM to hit London, yields on scale V.
VI. Brennschlussgeschwindigkeit - Yields a end of burn velocity 900 m/sec to
reach London or a target at 950 KM.
Archive - Image from Pennemünde Museum
Graphical Firing Table M24 No.7674037 Rule No3 Graphical Firing Table M24
No.7674037 Rule No3 75mm Howitzer
Made in USA - 1944-1953 U.S.Army for the M24 Chaffe Tank
Scales: Range, Elevation, Drift, etc
Gift of Ed Millis, Dallas Texas
M24 Chaffee moves on the outskirts of Salzburg, May 1945
ISRM U.S. Military 76mm Howitzer Artillery Set U.S. Military 76mm Howitzer
Artillery 2 SR set
Made in USA - 1952 (Korean Era)
Scales: Range, Elevation, Drift, etc
S552 Soviet-LFAI Artillery Soviet-LFAI Artillery
Made in USSR
Front Scale:
1:50000M, 1:25000M // β, N² [Sin, S&T, Tg, N ] NQ+1, L
Back Scale: [ Sin, S&T, Tg, N ]
Back: Position and spotter formulae
Multiple hairlined Cursor
ISRM LFAI Soviet Military Dual Circular Soviet Military Dual Circular -
1957
Made in USSR by LFAI, Leningrad
Left Scale: 10000 meter (Sin)
Right Scale: 10000 meter (Tg)
Back: Position and spotter formulae
Actual application unknown at this time
S495 Lawrence 505_U.S. Navy Lawrence 505_U.S. Navy
Made in USA - Peru, Ind. (Lawrence)
Painted wood body
Front Scale
A [ B, CI, C ] D, K
Back Slider
[ S, L, T ] Back: Conversion Chart
REF Lawrence - DeYOE Slide Rule, U.S. Army for Artllery Ranging Lawrence -
DeYOE Slide Rule, U.S. Army for Artllery Ranging
Made in USA by Lawrence
Front Scale
E-Mils [ R or H, R or dH ] UOE
Back: Not Shown
Archive - Scan donated by David Rance collection. Sassenheim, The
Netherlands
ISRM American Blueprint Military Rule American Blueprint Military Rule
Made in USA - by K&E for American Blueprint (Military contractor)
Front Scale
Opposite Angle Deg, Mils [Apex Angle Mils, Deg, CI,C] D,A
Back slider: [Tan, Sin-Tan, Tan ]
Back: Geometry formulae
TM 6-240 Manual 3.35MB Pdf
Field Artillery Military Slide Rule
ISRM Pickett Model 14 US Military Pickett Model 14 US Military
Made in USA
Front Scale
LL1+/-, LL2+/-, A [ B, T, ST, S, K, C ] D, LL3+/-, LL4+/-
Back Scale
Opposite angle Degrees, Mils [ Apex angle, Tan, Sin-Tan, Sin, Base C ],
Distance D, A
US Navy Calculator For Vertical Aerial Photography, MIL-C-19729
ISRM 15.03.18.01 US Navy Calculator For Vertical Aerial Photography, MIL-C-
19729
Made in USA by Fesenthal Instrument Co., Mfg Part Number FNA-82B U.S.
Front Scale
Air Speed, %Overlap (Minutes, Hours, Density Altitude, Air Temp., Pressure
Altitude
Back scale
Feet On Ground, Scale,Focal Length, Exposure, Ground Speed, etc(Feet on
Negative, Altitude)
Gift of Aron J. Davidson
Aron writes: "I was an engineer for the Navy (Civil Service)for almost
twenty years, and then another twenty five or so as a contractor. I spent a
big chunk of my time working on R&D of tactical airborne photographic
reconnaissance systems. There really isn't much of a story to go with this
slide rule. It was primarily for operational use in mission planning, which
I rarely got involved in, but someplace along the line it wound up in my
desk drawer; and I'm a bit of a packrat." Aron gave his granddaughter a
Pickett slide Rule that he used.
Union Instruments MIL-C-4318-B Type A-1
ISRM Union Instruments MIL-C-4318-B Type A-1
Made in USA by Pickett
Front Scale
L, A, DF [ CF, CIF, T, S, C ] D, DI, K
Back scale
Ground Size Meters, Feet, Ground Speed, [Image size, Cycling Time, Focal
Length ] Altitude
USAF Manual 8.69Mb
P232 Pickett N700-T USAF Aerial Photo Type A-2 Pickett N700-T USAF Aerial
Photo Type A-2
Made in USA for the USAF
Front Scale
L, A DF [ CF, CI, T, S, C ] D, DI, K
Back Scale
Ground Size Meters, Feet, Ground Speed, [Image size, Cycling Time, Focal
Length] Altitude
USAF Manual 8.69Mb
Pickett N520-T USAF Aerial Photo
MIL-C-4318-B Type A-1
ISRM 14.11.04.01
Pickett N520-T USAF Aerial Photo - MIL-C-4318-B Type A-1
Made in USA by Pickett. Aluminum stock.
Front Scale
L, A, DF [ CF, CIF, T, S, C ] D, DI, K
Back scale
Ground Size Meters, Feet, Ground Speed, [Image size, Cycling Time, Focal
Length ] Altitude
Original owner used this in Rotorau, New Zealand, assumed to be part of the
Royal New Zealand Air Force.
Gift of Phillip Rodley, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
USAF Manual 8.69Mb
USAF Type A-1 Aerial Photo
ISRM 04.09.30.01 USAF Type A-1 Aerial Photo - c1950
Made in USA for Astrodyne by Precision Scale Co. (founded by Art Eckel)
Front Scale
L, A, DF [ CF, CIF, T, S, C ] D, DI, K
Back scale
Ground Size, Ground Speed, [Image size, Cycling Time, Focal Length ]
Altitude
USAF Manual 8.69Mb
REF Military Attack Computer Military Attack Computer
Made in USA
Front Scale
Air Speed, Lead angle, Time, Distance, etc.
Archive - Not in collection |
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