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发帖数: 598 | 2 Texas water scandal: state agency and officials hid radioactive
contamination for years
by Tony Isaacs
(The Best Years in Life) Newly released documents and emails from the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) show the agency's top
commissioners directed staff to lower radiation test results for years in
defiance of federal EPA rules. In addition, top state officials and the EPA
knew about the agency violations but choose to take little or no action.
The startling revelations came as a result of an investigation by Houston
television station KHOU, which obtained documents and emails after the state
attorney general directed TCEQ to release them. Examination of the
documents revealed a pattern of deception and cover-up which has gone on for
almost 20 years. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Texas residents in
the Texas Hill Country area served by the Hickory aquifer have been kept
unaware that they have been drinking dangerously contaminated water.
"It's a conspiracy at the TCEQ of the highest order," said Tom Smith, of the
Public Citizen government watchdog group. "The documents have indicted the
management of this commission in a massive cover-up to convince people that
our water is safe to drink when it's not."
A key part of the deception was TCEQ's decision to subtract the margin of
error from water test results - though obviously it could have been just as
valid to add the margin of error. The released documents show that
subtracting the margin of error enabled TECQ to keep from declaring 35 water
systems in violation of EPA standards. A formal violation declaration would
have forced the water systems to inform residents of the increased health
risks.
One example is Harris County Municipal Utility District (MUD) 105. Thanks to
the TECQ margin of error subtractions, the utility was able to avoid
violations for nearly 20 years. A TCEQ white paper from 2001 showed that
water samples from TCEQ's reverse osmosis treated water in many water
districts exceeded proposed safe levels for radioactive radium by up to 50
times. In one instance where water was treated by ion osmosis, the radium
levels were a staggering 700 times the maximum safe level. Even very small
amounts of ingested radium can cause cancer and other health problems.
On December 7, 2000, the EPA said in the federal register that states should
not add or subtract the margin of error from test results. In 2004, the EPA
warned Texas that if it did not stop the practice of subtracting error
margins the EPA might take over the regulation of Texas water systems, but
the warning proved to be a typically hollow one.
After the EPA's warning in 2004, the Texas Water Advisory Council issued its
annual report to the speaker of the House, the lieutenant governor, and Gov
. Rick Perry, saying: "However, this result (the loss of primacy) is
unlikely. Of the 49 states with primary enforcement responsibility to
administer their drinking water programs (Wyoming is not a primacy state),
EPA has never withdrawn primacy status from any of them because the federal
agency views both withdrawing primacy and withdrawing funding as options of
last resort."
Making matters worse, the measurements taken by TCEQ have been taken before
the water entered water pipelines. Thanks to years of high level radioactive
contamination in the water, the pipelines had themselves become radioactive
as had water tanks, residential pipes and hot water heaters. The
contaminated pipes and tanks would obviously have contributed even more
radioactive contamination to the water.
As an indication of how badly the radioactive contamination has been, the
manager of a regional Hill Country scrap yard reported that he had to reject
3 out of every 4 water tanks, pipes, or other metal exposed to Hill Country
drinking water because they are too radioactive for him to accept.
Thus far it is still unexplained whether the source of the radiation is
entirely natural or whether or not there might be other sources such as
industrial waste. Oil and gas rich Texas has long been known as an industry-
friendly state which frequently turned its head away from pollution and
contamination problems. However, it is far from the only state with such a
history and, given the EPA’s pattern of lax enforcement, one has to wonder
if what has happened in the Hickory Aquifer area of Texas is only the tip of
the iceberg when it comes to drinking water radioactivity and safety
nationwide. |
